Efficacy of fish oil- and linseed oil-enriched Artemia nauplii on growth performance and stress resistance of tiger barb larvae (Puntius tetrazona)

Fish oil is the important fat source in fish nutrition. High demand for fish oil and low global supply arise a need of alternative oils in fish culture. Plant oils are a good candidate in this case. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of fish oil and linseed oil on growth and stress resistance of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) larvae. Artemia nauplii were enriched by 2.5, 5 and 7.5 of each oil. The enriched nauplii were offered to larvae for 14 d. thereafter, fish were fed non-enriched nauplii for another 14 d. At the end of the trial, larvae were subjected to osmotic stress and their survival was recorded. There was no significant difference in final weight, SGR and weight gain among the treatments at day 14. However, oil type and oil levels significantly affected these parameters after 28 d. Fish of 2.5-LO and 5-FO groups showed the best and worst performance, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rate among the treatments, after 14 and 28 d; however, oil type significantly affected survival of the larvae after osmotic stress. Survival of larvae fed on linseed oil-enriched nauplii was significantly higher than that of those fed on fish oil-enriched nauplii. Linseed oil showed significantly better results in growth performance and stress resistance compared to fish oil. It is concluded that linseed oil is more suitable than fish oil for Artemia enrichment to feed tiger barb larvae. The potential reasons for the better performance of larvae fed on linseed oil-enriched Artemia were discussed

DFNB59 gene mutations screening in non syndromic deaf subjects in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province

زمینه و هدف: وقوع ناشنوایی پیش زبانی حدود 1 در 1000 تولد است که بیش از 60 موارد آن ارثی هستند. ناشنوایی اختلالی هتروژن محسوب می شود و ممکن است به علل محیطی، ژنتیکی یا هر دو رخ دهد. اخیراً جهش های ژن DFNB59 که رمز کننده پروتئین پژواکین است به عنوان عامل ناشنوایی نوع عصبی معرفی شده اند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نوع و فراوانی جهش های ژن DFNB59 در 100 ناشنوای غیرسندرومی، در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- آزمایشگاهی، فراوانی جهش های ژنDFNB59 در کل اگزون های کد کننده این ژن بررسی گردید. DNA از نمونه های خون محیطی به روش استاندارد فنل کلروفرم استخراج شد. وجود جهش های DFNB59 با روش غربالگری /Heteroduplex Analysis (HA) PCR- SSCP بررسی گردید. سپس جهش های مشاهده شده در اگزون های 2 و 4 با استفاده از روش PCR- RFlP اگزون شماره 6 با استفاده ار تکنیک Nested PCR و اگزون شماره 7 به کمک تعیین توالی تایید گردید. یافته ها: در این تحقیق 3 نوع پلی مورفیسم ژنی (793C>T 793C>G و 874G>A) و یک نوع جهش 988delG به ترتیب با فراوانی 7، 5، 2 و 1 شناسایی شد. نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر و تحقیقات قبلی حاکی از نقش اندک جهش های ژن پژواکین در ایجاد ناشنوایی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری است و نتیجه اینکه از نظر بالینی جهش های ژن DFNB59 اهمیت چندانی در این منطقه ندارند

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Effect of dietary free L-Lysine on growth performance and muscle composition of Beluga Huso huso (Linnaeus 1785) juveniles

Effect of dietary free L-Lysine on growth, food intake, and muscle composition of beluga juveniles were investigated over 6 weeks. Control diet lysine content was 2.1% of dry matter (4.4% of dietary protein). Three experimental diets were prepared by adding lysine (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) to control diet to obtain diets containing 2.6, 3.1 and 3.6% of dry matter lysine (corresponding to 5.5, 6.6 and 7.6 of dietary protein). Fish were fed 2.6% of dry matter lysine showed significantly higher final weight, weight gain and SGR and lower FCR compared to other treatments. There was no significant change in food intake and survival between treatments. Lysine supplementation resulted significantly in increase and decrease in muscle protein and lipid, respectively. Dietary lysine has no effect on muscle ash and moisture content. Results showed that lysine supplementation had no significant effect on food intake in beluga juveniles. It seems that dietary lysine level of 2.6% of dry matter (corresponding to 5.5% of dietary protein) is suitable for growth of beluga juveniles

A Study on the Correlation between Pain and Pain Anxiety during Wound Care in Burn Patients

Background and Objectives: Wound care in burn patients is associated with severe anxiety that is characterized by feeling of fear and prediction of burn dressing pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between pain and pain anxiety in burn patients. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 eligible patients hospitalized in men&rsquo;s and women&rsquo;s burn wards of Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, were selected using available sampling. Pain anxiety and pain severity were measured using self-report pain anxiety questionnaire and visual analog scale, respectively, before and after burn dressing during three weeks (once a week). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test. Results: In this study, there was a significant linear correlation between pain and pain anxiety in the first week (r=0.512, p<0.001), but there was no significant linear correlation between these variables in the second (r=0.079, p=0.547) and third (r=0.167, p=0.203) weeks. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, assessment and treatment of pain anxiety are essential elements of pain care and management in burn patients. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp

Anticoagulant therapy for ischemic stroke: A review of literature

For many years, anticoagulants have been used in the emergent treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Anticoagulants are prescribed in an effort to prevent first or recurrent stroke, especially among patients with cardioembolism due to arterial fibrillation and large-artery atherosclerotic disease. Despite the widespread use, efficacy and safety of anticoagulants are controversial. Experts have given a broad spectrum of opinions. Surveys of practitioners have also demonstrated a lack of consensus on the use of anticoagulants for ischemic stroke. The uncertainty is due, in large part, to the lack of definitive clinical data. A review by the panel of the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association found no strong evidence for effectiveness of anticoagulants in treating acute ischemic stroke. Several clinical trials have suggested that utility of emergent anticoagulation has no significant effect in improving clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke. In the present review, we have attempted to provide a framework for the emergent use of anticoagulants in acute ischemic stroke patients

Effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A in brain tissue of elderly rats with Parkinson\'s disease

Background and Aim: Mitochondrial dysfunction in brain tissue plays a significant role in the development of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the gene expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-a) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the brain tissue of elderly rats with Parkinson's disease. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) healthy control (HC), 2) Parkinson's control (Res), 3) Parkinson's-aerobic exercise (AT), 4) Parkinson-garlic supplement (G), and 5) Parkinson-aerobic exercise-garlic supplement (AT+G). Parkinson's disease was induced by injecting 2 mg/kg of reserpine. Aerobic training was conducted five times a week, with each session lasting 15-48 minutes at speeds ranging from 10 to 24 meters per minute over 8 weeks. The supplement groups received a daily dose of 500 mg/kg of garlic via gavage. The gene expression of PGC1-a and TFAM in brain tissue was assessed using real-time PCR. Results: The expression of the PGC1-a gene in the G, AT, and AT+G groups was significantly higher than that in the Res group, with the AT+G group showing significantly higher expression than the G group (P=0.001). TFAM gene expression in the AT (P=0.005) and AT+G (P=0.001) groups was significantly higher than in the Res group, with the AT+G group exhibiting higher expression compared to the G and AT groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that the combination of exercise and garlic supplementation may have additive or synergistic effects on mitochondrial health and function in Parkinson's disease

Orthodontic Wire Ingestion during Treatment: Reporting a Case and Review the Management of Foreign Body Ingestion or Aspiration (Emergencies)

Today orthodontic treatment is in growing demand and is not limited to a specific age or social group. The nature of orthodontic treatment is such that the orthodontic wires and appliances, which are used to apply force and move the teeth, are exposed to the oral cavity. Shaping and replacing these wires in oral cavity are the major assignments of orthodontist on appointments. Therefore, we can say that orthodontic treatment requires working with dangerous tools in a sensitive place like oral cavity which is the entrance of respiratory and digestive systems. In this paper, a case of ingesting a broken orthodontic wire during eating is reported, and also necessary remedial measures at the time of encountering foreign body ingestion or aspiration are provided

Efficacy of fish oil- and linseed oil-enriched Artemia nauplii on growth performance and stress resistance of tiger barb larvae (Puntius tetrazona)

Fish oil is the important fat source in fish nutrition. High demand for fish oil and low global supply arise a need of alternative oils in fish culture. Plant oils are a good candidate in this case. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of fish oil and linseed oil on growth and stress resistance of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) larvae. Artemia nauplii were enriched by 2.5, 5 and 7.5 of each oil. The enriched nauplii were offered to larvae for 14 d. thereafter, fish were fed non-enriched nauplii for another 14 d. At the end of the trial, larvae were subjected to osmotic stress and their survival was recorded. There was no significant difference in final weight, SGR and weight gain among the treatments at day 14. However, oil type and oil levels significantly affected these parameters after 28 d. Fish of 2.5-LO and 5-FO groups showed the best and worst performance, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rate among the treatments, after 14 and 28 d; however, oil type significantly affected survival of the larvae after osmotic stress. Survival of larvae fed on linseed oil-enriched nauplii was significantly higher than that of those fed on fish oil-enriched nauplii. Linseed oil showed significantly better results in growth performance and stress resistance compared to fish oil. It is concluded that linseed oil is more suitable than fish oil for Artemia enrichment to feed tiger barb larvae. The potential reasons for the better performance of larvae fed on linseed oil-enriched Artemia were discussed