Bithoracochaeta Stein, 1911 (Diptera, Muscidae): revisão das espécies e análise cladística

Bithoracochaeta Stein, 1911 differs from the others Neotropical Coenosiinae by the presence of three very long bristles on the middle of the anterodorsal, anteroventral and posterodorsal surfaces of hind tibia some species have an additional bristle on the posteroventral surface and by the disposition of the dorsocentral bristles 1:2. From the ten known species , eight are redescribed: B. annulata Stein, 1911; B. atricornis Malloch, 1934; B. flavicoxa Malloch, 1934; B. leucoprocta Wiedmann, (1830), B. maricaensis Couri & Motta 1994, B. nigricornis Malloch, 1934; B. plumata Albuquerque, 1955; B. varicornis Coquillettt, ( 1900). The redescriptions of .B. sociabilis Blanchard, 1937 and B. pacifera Giglio-tos, 1893 are not presented because the type of the first one is lost and it was not possible to exame the type of the other. No exemplares of these two species were found in the studied material. A key to identification of the redescribed species is presented. A cladistic analysis was made using the program Hennig86 based on 17 caracters and 3 out-groups. Based on the cladogram, the phylogenetic relationships among the species of this genus are shown.CAPESBithoracochaeta Stein, 1911 distingue-se dos demais Coenosiinae neotrópicos principalmente pela presença, na tíbia posterior, de pelo menos três cerdas medianas longas e finas nas faces ântero-dorsal, ântero-ventral e póstero-dorsal; algumas espécies apresentam uma cerda mediana adicional na face póstero-ventral e pela disposição das cerdas dorsocentrais 1:2. Das dez espécies citadas na literatura, oito são redescritas: B. annulata Stein, 1911 B. atricornis Malloch, 1934; B. flavicoxa Malloch, 1934; B. leucoprocta (Wiedmann, 1830), B. maricaensis Couri & Motta, 1994, B. nigricornis Malloch, 1934; B. plumata Albuquerque, 1955; B. varicornis (Coquillettt, 1900). As redescrições de B. sociabilis Blanchard, 1937 e B. pacifera Giglio-Tos, 1893, não foram apresentadas, pois os sintipos da primeira se encontra perdido e não foi possível examinar o holótipo da segunda. Nenhum exemplar destas espécies foi identificado no material examinado. Uma chave de identificação para espécies redescritas é apresentada. A análise cladística, utilizando o programa Hennig86 foi feita baseada em 17 caracteres e 3 grupos-externos. Com base no cladograma construído foram mostradas as relações filogenéticas entre as espécies no gênero

Uma nova espécie de Bithoracochaeta Stein (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae) A new species of Bithoracochaeta Stein (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae)

<abstract language="eng">Bithoracochaeta maricaensis, sp.n. from Barra de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is descrihed and illuslrated

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved