Analisa Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan Hotel X Bali

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gaya kepemimpinan transaksional dan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh atau tidak terhadap loyalitas karyawan di Hotel X Bali. Teknik analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisa regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan transaksional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan serta gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas karyawan Hotel X Bali. This research was conducted to find out transactional leadership style andtransformational leadership style have influence or not to employee loyalty at Hotel X Bali. Analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that transactional leadership style had positive and significant influence and transformational leadership style had positive and significant influence on employee loyalty of Hotel X Bali

Mengembangkan Logo (Modul Penciptaan) Produk UMKM Non Makanan dengan Elemen Tipografi pada UMKM di Semarang

Logo yang berkarakter huruf hampir digunakan disemua produk UMKM di kota Semarang, terutama produk non makanan. Tiap huruf atau Tipografi sendiri sejatinya memiliki karakteristik sediri-sendiri. Oleh karenya penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai anallisa penggunaan tipografi pada produk UMKM yang terdaftar pada DINKOP Semarang dengan studi kasus produk non makanan

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi auditor dalam keputusan penerimaan klien

Penerimaan atau penolakan audit merupakan keputusan yang harus diambil auditor sebelum melakukan penugasan auditnya,sehingga auditor harus memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam keputusan penerimaan klien.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan penerimaan klien.Variabel independen yang diambil adalah risiko bisnis klien, isiko audit, risiko bisnis auditor, dan kompetensi auditor. Objek penelitian adalah Kantor Akuntan Publik di Surabaya yang terdaftar di Direktori KAP 2013 yang dikeluarkan oleh IAPI. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 55 auditor independen yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko bisnis klien,risiko audit,risiko bisnis auditor,dan kompetensi auditor berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan penerimaan klien

Pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit di PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Tbk. Surabaya.

PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Tbk. (PT. SMART Tbk.) Surabaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di Indonesia. Aktivitas utama perusahaan adalah membudidayakan kelapa sawit, memanen dan mengolah buah kelapa sawit menjadi CPO (Crude Palm Oil) serta melakukan pemurnian dan fraksinasi pada CPO sehingga dapat dihasilkan produk utama berupa minyak goreng dan margarin. Jabatan tertinggi di perusahaan ditangani oleh General Manager kemudian turun secara linier pada bagian-bagian di bawahnya. Bahan baku dan pembantu yang digunakan dalam proses produksi di PT. SMART Tbk. adalah CPO, asam fosfat, bleaching earth, dan vitamin A. Proses pengolahan meliputi degumming, bleaching, deodorizing, kristalisasi, filtrasi dan pengemasan hingga diperoleh produk minyak goreng dan margarin. Sanitasi pada PT. SMART Tbk. meliputi sanitasi pabrik secara umum, sanitasi peralatan, sanitasi bahan baku dan bahan pembantu serta sanitasi pekerja. Pengawasan mutu dilakukan oleh bagian Quality Control mulai dari tahap awal penerimaan bahan baku, proses pengolahan hingga distribusi. PT. SMART Tbk. tidak mengelola limbah yang dihasilkan melainkan menyerahkannya kepihak ketiga

Pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit di PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Tbk. Surabaya.

PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Tbk. (PT. SMART Tbk.) Surabaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di Indonesia. Aktivitas utama perusahaan adalah membudidayakan kelapa sawit, memanen dan mengolah buah kelapa sawit menjadi CPO (Crude Palm Oil) serta melakukan pemurnian dan fraksinasi pada CPO sehingga dapat dihasilkan produk utama berupa minyak goreng dan margarin. Jabatan tertinggi di perusahaan ditangani oleh General Manager kemudian turun secara linier pada bagian-bagian di bawahnya. Bahan baku dan pembantu yang digunakan dalam proses produksi di PT. SMART Tbk. adalah CPO, asam fosfat, bleaching earth, dan vitamin A. Proses pengolahan meliputi degumming, bleaching, deodorizing, kristalisasi, filtrasi dan pengemasan hingga diperoleh produk minyak goreng dan margarin. Sanitasi pada PT. SMART Tbk. meliputi sanitasi pabrik secara umum, sanitasi peralatan, sanitasi bahan baku dan bahan pembantu serta sanitasi pekerja. Pengawasan mutu dilakukan oleh bagian Quality Control mulai dari tahap awal penerimaan bahan baku, proses pengolahan hingga distribusi. PT. SMART Tbk. tidak mengelola limbah yang dihasilkan melainkan menyerahkannya kepihak ketiga

Efeito da suplementação na dieta com ômega-3 e -6 sobre a qualidade do sêmen fresco e congelado de cães

For years, fatty acids have been recommended as a dietary supplement to improve canine hair. For animal reproduction, supplementation with omegas has been used to increase the reproductive efficiency and conception rate, but few studies have been conducted in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily dietary supplementation with omega-3 and -6 on the quality of fresh and frozen/thawed semen in canines. Semen was collected from seven dogs and evaluated for sperm motility, vigor, concentration, and morphology. The 17-week study included 119 ejaculates and was divided according to oral supplementation with omega-3 and -6: M1 (1st-5th week) or pre-supplementation; M2 (6th-9th week) and M3 (10th-13th week) or during supplementation; and M4 (14th-17th week) or post-supplementation. After analysis, the semen was frozen and then revaluated both immediately and 30 minutes (at 37° C) after thawing. Supplementation with omegas increased sperm motility, vigor, and concentration; however, supplementation had no influence on semen freezability. In addition, there was no improvement in sperm motility after supplementation when the thawed cells were maintained at 37° C for 30 minutes. We concluded that dietary supplementation with omega-3 and -6 for 4 to 8 weeks can improve the quality of fresh semen, although it has no effect on the freezability of canine semen.Os ácidos graxos têm sido recomendados há anos como suplemento dietético para a melhora do pelo canino. Na área de reprodução animal, a suplementação com ômega tem sido usada para aumentar a eficiência reprodutiva e a taxa de concepção em muitas espécies, mas poucos estudos foram conduzidos em cães. Então, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética diária com ômega-3 e -6 sobre a qualidade do sêmen fresco e congelado de cães. Os ejaculados foram colhidos de 7 cães e avaliados quanto a motilidade espermática, vigor, concentração e morfologia. O estudo foi dividido de acordo com os períodos de suplementação oral com omegas-3 e -6, no qual M1 (1ª-5ª semana) foi considerado o período pré-suplementação, M2 (6ª-9ª semana) e M3 (10ª-13ª semana) período de suplementação e M4 (14ª-17ª semana) pós-suplementação, totalizando 17 semanas de estudo (119 ejaculados). Após a análise, o sêmen foi congelado e reavaliado imediatamente e 30 minutos após a descongelação (mantidas a 37º C). A suplementação resultou em aumento da motilidade espermática, vigor e concentração do sêmen fresco; no entanto, não houve influência na congelabilidade do sêmen. Além disso, não houve aumento da motilidade dos espermatozoides após a suplementação, quando as células descongeladas foram mantidas a 37° C, durante 30 minutos. Concluiu-se que a suplementação dietética com omegas-3 e -6, durante 4 a 8 semanas melhora os parâmetros do sêmen fresco de cães, embora não há nenhum efeito sobre a qualidade espermática após a congelação

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and antibiotic susceptibility among Indonesian pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage in 2015.

The Hajj is an annual pilgrimage to Mecca and one of the largest gathering of people in the world. Most Indonesian pilgrims are senior adults and elderly adults, who are more prone to acquire infections during the Hajj ritual. The aims of this study are to investigate the dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization and to investigate antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococcal strains in Indonesian pilgrims. This was a prospective multi-site longitudinal study in Indonesian hajj pilgrims aged >18 years old in the year 2015. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the same subject before departure and upon arrival at the airport. S. pneumoniae was identified using conventional and molecular approach, while antibiotic susceptibility was determined using a disk diffusion method. Among 813 Hajj pilgrims who were enrolled from five sites in this study, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage rates before- and after-the Hajj were 8.6% (95% CI 6.7-10.5%) and 8.2% (95% CI 6.4-10.1%), (p value: 0.844) respectively. Serotype 16F, 6A/6B, 3, 18, and 23F were the five most prevalent serotypes before Hajj, whereas serotypes 3, 34, 13, 4, and 23F were the most prevalent serotypes after Hajj. Serotype 3 was identified as most acquired serotype during Hajj in Indonesian pilgrim. There was an increase in the percentage of isolates susceptible to co-trimoxazole after Hajj (42.9% versus 57.4%). The study provided an overview of the change of dynamics of S. pneumoniae serotype acquisition in Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims. Along with data of vaccination serotypes coverage and antimicrobial susceptibility, these findings may contribute to recommendation of vaccination and treatment policies in the future

Bowel preparation for colonoscopy: European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy (esge) guideline-update 2019

Main Recommendations ESGE recommends a low fiber diet on the day preceding colonoscopy. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. ESGE recommends the use of enhanced instructions for bowel preparation. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. ESGE suggests adding oral simethicone to bowel preparation. Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence. ESGE recommends split-dose bowel preparation for elective colonoscopy. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. ESGE recommends, for patients undergoing afternoon colonoscopy, a same-day bowel preparation as an acceptable alternative to split dosing. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. ESGE recommends to start the last dose of bowel preparation within 5 hours of colonoscopy, and to complete it at least 2 hours before the beginning of the procedure. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. ESGE recommends the use of high volume or low volume PEG-based regimens as well as that of non-PEG-based agents that have been clinically validated for routine bowel preparation. In patients at risk for hydroelectrolyte disturbances, the choice of laxative should be individualized. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence