362 research outputs found
Proposing a speech to gesture translation architecture for Spanish deaf people.
This article describes an architecture for translating speech into Spanish Sign Language (SSL). The architecture proposed is made up of four modules: speech recognizer, semantic analysis, gesture sequence generation and gesture playing. For the speech recognizer and the semantic analysis modules, we use software developed by IBM and CSLR (Center for Spoken Language Research at University of Colorado), respectively. Gesture sequence generation and gesture animation are the modules on which we have focused our main effort. Gesture sequence generation uses semantic concepts (obtained from the semantic analysis) associating them with several SSL gestures. This association is carried out based on a number of generation rules. For gesture animation, we have developed an animated agent (virtual representation of a human person) and a strategy for reducing the effort in gesture animation. This strategy consists of making the system automatically generate all agent positions necessary for the gesture animation. In this process, the system uses a few main agent positions (two or three per second) and some interpolation strategies, both issues previously generated by the service developer (the person who adapts the architecture proposed in this paper to a specific domain). Related to this module, we propose a distance between agent positions and a measure of gesture complexity. This measure can be used to analyze the gesture perception versus its complexity. With the architecture proposed, we are not trying to build a domain independent translator but a system able to translate speech utterances into gesture sequences in a restricted domain: railway, flights or weather information
Transverse polarization in inclusive quasi-real photoproduction at the current fragmentation
It is shown that the recent HERMES data on the transverse
polarization in the inclusive quasi-real photoproduction at can be
accommodated by the strange quark scattering model. Relations with the quark
recombination approach are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
Local charge compensation from colour preconfinement as a key to the dynamics of hadronization
If, as is commonly accepted, the colour-singlet, `preconfined', perturbative
clusters are the primary units of hadronization, then the electric charge is
necessarily compensated locally at the scale of the typical cluster mass. As a
result, the minijet electric charge is suppressed at scales that are greater
than the cluster mass. We hence argue, and demonstrate by means of Monte Carlo
simulations using HERWIG, that the scale at which charge compensation is
violated is close to the mass of the clusters involved in hadronization, and
its measurement would provide a clue to resolving the nature of the dynamics.
We repeat the calculation using PYTHIA and find that the numbers produced by
the two generators are similar. The cluster mass distribution is sensitive to
soft emission that is considered unresolved in the parton shower phase. We
discuss how the description of the splitting of large clusters in terms of
unresolved emission modifies the algorithm of HERWIG, and relate the findings
to the yet unknown underlying nonperturbative mechanism. In particular, we
propose a form of that follows from a power-enhanced beta function,
and discuss how this that governs unresolved emission may be related
to power corrections. Our findings are in agreement with experimental data.Comment: 37 pages, 20 figure
Complementarity in classical dynamical systems
The concept of complementarity, originally defined for non-commuting
observables of quantum systems with states of non-vanishing dispersion, is
extended to classical dynamical systems with a partitioned phase space.
Interpreting partitions in terms of ensembles of epistemic states (symbols)
with corresponding classical observables, it is shown that such observables are
complementary to each other with respect to particular partitions unless those
partitions are generating. This explains why symbolic descriptions based on an
\emph{ad hoc} partition of an underlying phase space description should
generally be expected to be incompatible. Related approaches with different
background and different objectives are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, no figure
Transverse polarization in inclusive quasi-real photoproduction: quark scattering model
The transverse polarization of hyperons produced in the inclusive
reaction at the 27.6 GeV beam energy is assumed to appear mostly via
scattering of the strange quark in a color field. Results of application of
such an idea to the preliminary data of HERMES are presented. Contributions of
, , and resonances to the polarization are taken into
account.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, corrected according to version accepted by
Physics of Atomic Nucle
Multiple Interactions and the Structure of Beam Remnants
Recent experimental data have established some of the basic features of
multiple interactions in hadron-hadron collisions. The emphasis is therefore
now shifting, to one of exploring more detailed aspects. Starting from a brief
review of the current situation, a next-generation model is developed, wherein
a detailed account is given of correlated flavour, colour, longitudinal and
transverse momentum distributions, encompassing both the partons initiating
perturbative interactions and the partons left in the beam remnants. Some of
the main features are illustrated for the Tevatron and the LHC.Comment: 69pp, 33 figure
Electromagnetic and Hadron Calorimeters in the MIPP Experiment
The purpose of the MIPP experiment is to study the inclusive production of
photons, pions, kaons and nucleons in pi, K and p interactions on various
targets using beams from the Main Injector at Fermilab. The function of the
calorimeters is to measure the production of forward-going neutrons and
photons. The electromagnetic calorimeter consist of 10 lead plates interspersed
with proportional chambers. It was followed by the hadron calorimeter with 64
steel plates interspersed with scintillator. The data presented were collected
with a variety of targets and beam momenta from 5 GeV/c to 120 GeV/c. The
energy calibration of both calorimeters with electrons, pions, kaons, and
protons is discussed. The resolution for electrons was found to be
0.27/sqrt(E), and for hadrons the resolution was 0.554/sqrt(E) with a constant
term of 2.6%. The performance of the calorimeters was tested on a neutron
sample
Forward jet production in deep inelastic ep scattering and low-x parton dynamics at HERA
Differential inclusive jet cross sections in neutral current deep inelastic
ep scattering have been measured with the ZEUS detector. Three phase-space
regions have been selected in order to study parton dynamics where the effects
of BFKL evolution might be present. The measurements have been compared to the
predictions of leading-logarithm parton shower Monte Carlo models and
fixed-order perturbative QCD calculations. In the forward region, QCD
calculations at order alpha_s^1 underestimate the data up to an order of
magnitude at low x. An improved description of the data in this region is
obtained by including QCD corrections at order alpha_s^2, which account for the
lowest-order t-channel gluon-exchange diagrams, highlighting the importance of
such terms in parton dynamics at low x.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure
Search for Colour Reconnection Effects in e+e- -> W+W- -> hadrons through Particle-Flow Studies at LEP
A search for colour reconnection effects in hadronic decays of W pairs is
performed with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209
GeV. The analysis is based on the study of the particle flow between jets
associated to the same W boson and between two different W bosons in qqqq
events. The ratio of particle yields in the different interjet regions is found
to be sensitive to colour reconnection effects implemented in some
hadronisation models. The data are compared to different models with and
without such effects. An extreme scenario of colour reconnection is ruled out
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