Evidencia de hiperplasia multinodular de paratiroides en un paciente con enfermedad renal crónica

El hiperparatiroidismo secundario en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica es una complicación del manejo inadecuado de los desórdenes óseos y minerales. La hiperfosfatemia persistente da lugar a hipocalcemia, con posterior elevación en los valores de paratohormona. El estímulo persiste de la glándula paratiroides favorece su diferenciación hacia formas nodulares y autónomas, las cuales poco responden a tratamientos clásicos, obligando a otras alternativas terapéuticas. Presentamos un ejemplo de la presencia de hiperplasia multinodular de glándula paratiroides, diagnosticada por estudio histológico, y ofrecemos alternativas diagnósticas y terapéuticas

Proceso fisiológico de envejecimiento renal en el muy anciano

[EN] The study of the physiology of healthy very old age is greater than or equal to 75 years, is an excellent opportunity to better understand the boundaries between normal aging of senile diseases. However, the physiology of this subgroup of very elderly has been poorly studied. This is how it has been learned that the aging process transcends the concept of global and simultaneous, and that in reality it is a complex phenomenon, a product of a multitude of processes that develop asymmetrically in the various organs of an individual and even in different tissues of the same organ[ES] El estudio de la fisiología de las personas sanas muy ancianas, es decir de edad mayor o igual a 75 años, constituye una excelente oportunidad para poder comprender mejor los límites que separan la vejez normal de las patologías seniles. Sin embargo, la fisiología de este subgrupo de personas muy ancianas ha sido poco estudiada. Es de esta forma que ya se ha aprendido que el proceso de envejecimiento trasciende el concepto de simultáneo y global, y que en realidad se trata de un fenómeno complejo producto de una multiplicidad de procesos que se van desarrollando asimétricamente en los distintos órganos de un individuo e incluso en los diversos tejidos de un mismo órgan

Preserved glomerular filtration rate in older people. A population-based study in the Southern Cone of Latin America

Introduction: Kidneys are affected by the aging process, usually suffering a progressive glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction of around 1 ml/year as of 30 years of age. Nevertheless, few older subjects show a stable GFR over time. This phenomenon has not been exhaustively studied, and even less in the Southern Cone. Aim: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of preserved GFR in a representative sample of older adults and explore the association between cardiovascular risk factors and preserved GFR in older individuals. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 1571 participants aged 65–74 years from 4 cities of the Southern Cone. We describe the prevalence of eGFR ?80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and sociodemographic, biological, behavioral risk factors and medication use.  Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to study the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on eGFR ?80 ml/min. Results: In this a study 962 had an eGFR >80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 154 were healthy adults (Prevalence= 17.01 % [95%CI 14.5%; 19.9%]). The median eGFR in the full sample was 85.53 ml/min/1.73 m² (IQR: 73.12-91.26). The prevalence of eGFR >80 ml/min/1.73 m2 was higher among men. Overall, older adults with no cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR >80 ml/min/1.73 m2 were predominantly men and showed a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia.  Conclusion: In the present study was documented that there was 17% of healthy older individuals who have preserved glomerular filtration rate (eGFR > 80 ml/min/1.73 m 2) despite their advanced age

Obesity and glomerular filtration rate

Obesity has received considerable attention in general medicine and nephrology over the last few years. This condition increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are the main risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney damage caused by obesity can be explained by many mechanisms, such as sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems activation, mechanical stress, hormonal unbalance, as well as inflammatory cytokines production. Even though creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations in obese individuals have been validated (Salazar-Corcoran and CKD-MCQ), changes in body weight after bariatric surgery (BS) leads to changes in creatininemia, affecting its reliability. Thus, an average between creatine and cystatin-based GFR equations would be more appropriate in this setting. Bariatric surgery can reverse diabetes mellitus and improve hypertension, which are the main causes of CKD. Conclusion: GFR can be affected by obesity and BS, and its value should be cautiously evaluated in this setting

Cranberry dosed extract: an effective therapy for recurrent Escherichia coli cystitis in elderly patients. The GerHogar Cysticlean® study

Introduction: Cystitis is the most prevalent urinary tract infection (UTI), and antibiotics are its conventional therapy. However, the prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance to uropathogens is significantly increased. Cranberry treatment has been associated with the inhibition of Escherichia coli (Ec) adherence to uroepithelial cells due to the anti-adhesive property related to its proanthocyanidins content, and cysticlean® (CYS) is a cranberry extract which contains 240 mg PACs per capsule. Since elderly people is one of the populations mostly exposed to cystitis and bacteria antibiotic resistance, it was decided to originally study the efficacy and safety of CYS, to treat cystitis instead of antibiotic, in elderly individuals. Material & Methods: Two groups were studied: Group 1 (G1): first cystitis episode was recorded within the last 3 months before the study initiation. Group 2 (G2): frequent cystitis recurrent episodes (1-2/month or more) within the last 3 months before the study initiation. G1 patients were treated with 1 capsule of CYS every 12 h for 1 month, while G2 patients were treated up to 12 months. Comparative evaluation was performed using Student test. Results: 160 elderly ambulatory and nursing home patients suffering from recurrent cystitis were treated with CYS. G1 and G2 had 38 and 122 subjects, respectively. Cranberry-based cystitis treatment was successful in 81.57% and 81.96% in G1 and G2 patients, respectively. Conclusion: CYS showed to be an effective alternative therapy to antibiotics to treat cystitis recurrences caused by Ec. Neither side effects nor adverse reactions have been reported.Introduction: Cystitis is the most prevalent urinary tract infection (UTI), and antibiotics are its conventional therapy. However, the prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance to uropathogens is significantly increased. Cranberry treatment has been associated with the inhibition of Escherichia coli (Ec) adherence to uroepithelial cells due to the anti-adhesive property related to its proanthocyanidins content, and cysticlean® (CYS) is a cranberry extract which contains 240 mg PACs per capsule. Since elderly people is one of the populations mostly exposed to cystitis and bacteria antibiotic resistance, it was decided to originally study the efficacy and safety of CYS, to treat cystitis instead of antibiotic, in elderly individuals. Material & Methods: Two groups were studied: Group 1 (G1): first cystitis episode was recorded within the last 3 months before the study initiation. Group 2 (G2): frequent cystitis recurrent episodes (1-2/month or more) within the last 3 months before the study initiation. G1 patients were treated with 1 capsule of CYS every 12 h for 1 month, while G2 patients were treated up to 12 months. Comparative evaluation was performed using Student test. Results: 160 elderly ambulatory and nursing home patients suffering from recurrent cystitis were treated with CYS. G1 and G2 had 38 and 122 subjects, respectively. Cranberry-based cystitis treatment was successful in 81.57% and 81.96% in G1 and G2 patients, respectively. Conclusion: CYS showed to be an effective alternative therapy to antibiotics to treat cystitis recurrences caused by Ec. Neither side effects nor adverse reactions have been reported

Where Brain, Body and World Collide

The production cross section of electrons from semileptonic decays of beauty hadrons was measured at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.8) in the transverse momentum range 1 < pt < 8 Gev/c with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt{s} = 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb^{-1}. Electrons from beauty hadron decays were selected based on the displacement of the decay vertex from the collision vertex. A perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the measurement within uncertainties. The data were extrapolated to the full phase space to determine the total cross section for the production of beauty quark-antiquark pairs

Consenso colombiano de expertos sobre recomendaciones informadas en la evidencia para el manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en adulto mayor multimorbido con enfermedad renal crónica

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pandemic with a significant impact on the elderly population with multiple morbidities. Objective: To develop evidence-informed recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of SARS CoV2 / COVID-19 infection in multimorbed elderly patients with chronic kidney disease, through a consensus of experts. Methodology: Based on the evidence collected through a literature review in Pubmed, Embase and scientific societies, recommendations were formulated that were submitted to the consultation of experts in nephrology, geriatrics and palliative care. The quality of evidence was evaluated with tools based on the type of document. The approved recommendations were classified according to their direction and strength. Results: Twenty-two experts declared their conflict of interest and filled out the consultation tool between August 02 and 10, 2020. The percentage of agreement for each recommendation ranged between 90.9 and 100%.Thirty-two recommendations are presented for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multimorbed elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The recommendations formulated guide the decision-making of health professionals involved in the care of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease and other morbidities with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Introducción: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 es una pandemia con importante impacto en población adulta mayor con múltiples morbilidades. Objetivo: Desarrollar mediante un consenso de expertos, recomendaciones informadas en evidencia para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de infección por SARS CoV2/COVID-19 en paciente adulto mayor multimorbido con enfermedad renal crónica. Metodología: A partir de la evidencia recolectada a través de una revisión de literatura en Pubmed, Embase y sociedades científicas, se formularon recomendaciones que fueron sometidas a la consulta de expertos en nefrología, geriatría y cuidados paliativos. La calidad de evidencia se evalúo con herramientas en función del tipo de documento. Las recomendaciones aprobadas fueron clasificadas de acuerdo a su dirección y fuerza. Resultados: Veintidós expertos declararon su conflicto de interés y diligenciaron la herramienta de consulta entre el 02 y 10 de agosto de 2020. El porcentaje de acuerdo por cada recomendación oscilo entre el 90.9 y 100%. Se presentan 32 recomendaciones para el manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en paciente adulto mayor multimorbido con enfermedad renal crónica.  Conclusión: Las recomendaciones formuladas orientan la toma de decisiones de los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la atención de pacientes mayores con enfermedad renal crónica y otras morbilidades que presentan infección por SARS-CoV-2