Risque d'accident des usagers de deux-roues motorisés associé aux pratiques de remontée de files sur autoroutes urbaines

The increasing use of powered two-wheelers in large urban areas raises the question of the risks related to certain practices unique to this transportation method, such as filtering. This article proposes a contribution to the estimation of accident risks related to filtering on urban expressways. Our investigations dealt with urban expressways in the Marseille metropolitan area. Taking advantage of an annual campaign of observations of filtering practices by powered two-wheelers and an analysis of accidents recorded by the police during the years 2004 to 2011, this study demonstrates that motorcyclists who do filtering have a risk of being involved in a bodily injury accident that is 2.63 times (95% CI [1.003 ; 6.89]) greater than the risk run by those who drive in the lanes. This relative risk reaches 2.71 (95% CI [1.06 ; 6.95]) for those who drive in the space between lanes (lane splitting). The analysis of accident cases suggests that this excess risk could be due to the original positioning of powered two-wheelers on the carriageway when they do filtering. This positioning make them less detectable for automobile drivers than when the drive in the lanes.L'usage croissant des deux-roues motorisés dans les grandes agglomérations pose la question des risques associés à certaines pratiques propres à ce mode de déplacement, comme par exemple la remontée de files de voitures. Cet article propose une contribution à l'estimation du risque d'accident associé aux pratiques de remontée de files sur autoroute urbaine. Les investigations ont porté sur les autoroutes urbaines de l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise. En s'appuyant sur une campagne annuelle d'observations des pratiques de remontée de files des deux-roues motorisés et sur l'analyse des accidents recensés par la police au cours des années 2004 à 2011, ce travail montre que les motocyclistes remontant les files de véhicules ont un risque d'être impliqué dans un accident corporel 2,63 fois (I.C. à 95% [1,003 ; 6,89]) supérieur au risque de ceux ne remontant pas les files de véhicules. Ce risque relatif s'élève à 2,71 (I.C. à 95% [1,06 ; 6,95]) pour ceux remontant les files en empruntant l'espace interfiles. L'analyse des cas d'accident suggère qu'une partie de ce sur-risque pourrait provenir du positionnement singulier des deux-roues motorisés sur la chaussée lorsqu'ils remontent les files. Ce positionnement les rendrait moins détectables par les automobilistes que lorsqu'ils circulent dans les files

L'activité physique a-t-elle un effet sur la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses prostatiques humaines ?

National audienceno abstrac

Exercise training as a modulator of epigenetic events in prostate tumors

International audienceBackground Exercise is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to improve cancer prevention and prognosis. Several biological mechanisms mediating these benefits have been proposed, but the role of epigenetics remains largely unknown. Since epigenetics is highly susceptible to lifestyle factors, we hypothesized that exercise could affect the epigenome landscape in cancer tissues. Methods Rats implanted with AT1 prostate tumors were randomized to either control or exercise training. microRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone acetylation were analyzed in the tumor tissue. Results MiR-27a-5p appeared to be differently expressed between sedentary and trained rats. Furthermore, exercise increased global DNA methylation and decreased DNA methyltransferases mRNA expression in the tumor tissue. Histone acetylation however remained unaltered. Conclusion Overall, exercise might reverse some of the cancer-related epigenetic alterations in the prostate tumor tissue

Could exercise training alter radiotherapy efficiency in a murine model of prostate cancer?

International audienc