A Global Convergence Result with Applications to Periodic Solutions

AbstractWe establish a global convergence result and then apply it to show that under appropriate hypotheses every positive solution of the difference equation xn+1=∑i=0mAixn−2i,n=0,1,…,converges to a period two solution

Coronary artery disease-associated genetic variants and biomarkers of inflammation

Introduction: Genetic constitution and inflammation both contribute to development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Several CAD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been identified, but their functions are largely unknown. We investigated the associations between CAD-associated SNPs and five CAD-related inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: We genotyped 45 CAD-associated SNPs in 701 stable CAD patients in whom levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsRCP), interleukin-6, calprotectin, fibrinogen and complement component 3 levels had previously been measured. A genetic risk score was calculated to assess the combined risk associated with all the genetic variants. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess associations between the genetic risk score, single SNPs, and the five inflammatory biomarkers. Results: The minor allele (G) (CAD risk allele) of rs2075650 (TOMM40/APOE) was associated with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (effect per risk allele: -0.37 mg/l [95%CI -0.56 to -0.18 mg/l]). The inflammatory markers tested showed no association with the remaining 44 SNPs or with the genetic risk score. Conclusions: In stable CAD patients, the risk allele of a common CAD-associated marker at the TOMM40/APOE locus was associated with lower hsCRP levels. No other genetic variants or the combined effect of all variants were associated with the five inflammatory biomarkers

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

We use photo-electrons as a non-contact probe to measure local electrical potentials in a solid-oxide electrochemical cell. We characterize the cell in operando at near-ambient pressure using spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The overpotentials at the interfaces between the Ni and Pt electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are directly measured. The method is validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Using the overpotentials, which characterize the cell's inefficiencies, we compare without ambiguity the electro-catalytic efficiencies of Ni and Pt, finding that on Ni H_2O splitting proceeds more rapidly than H2 oxidation, while on Pt, H2 oxidation proceeds more rapidly than H2O splitting.Comment: corrected; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 201

Enhancing the Prediction of Lung Cancer Survival Rates Using 2D Features from 3D Scans

Author's accepted manuscript.Available from 18/06/2021.acceptedVersio

Novel Block Diagonalization for Reducing Features and Computations in Medical Diagnosis

Author's accepted manuscript.Available from 28/11/2021.acceptedVersio

Aflatoxin B1 Degradation by Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia and Other Microbes Selected Using Coumarin Medium#

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins in animal production and food industry. A safe, effective and environmentally sound detoxification method is needed for controlling this toxin. In this study, 65 samples were screened from various sources with vast microbial populations using a newly developed medium containing coumarin as the sole carbon source. Twenty five single-colony bacterial isolates showing AFB1 reduction activity in a liquid culture medium were selected from the screen. Isolate 35-3, obtained from tapir feces and identified to be Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, reduced AFB1 by 82.5% after incubation in the liquid medium at 37 °C for 72 h. The culture supernatant of isolate 35-3 was able to degrade AFB1 effectively, whereas the viable cells and cell extracts were far less effective. Factors influencing AFB1 degradation by the culture supernatant were investigated. Activity was reduced to 60.8% and 63.5% at 20 °C and 30 °C, respectively, from 78.7% at 37 °C. The highest degradation rate was 84.8% at pH 8 and the lowest was only 14.3% at pH 4.0. Ions Mg2+ and Cu2+ were activators for AFB1 degradation, however ion Zn2+ was a strong inhibitor. Treatments with proteinase K, proteinase K plus SDS and heating significantly reduced or eradicated the degradation activity of the culture supernatant. The results indicated that the degradation of AFB1 by S. maltophilia 35-3 was enzymatic and could have a great potential in industrial applications

Safety and efficacy of the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor AZD5718 in patients with recent myocardial infarction: The phase 2a FLAVOUR study

Background: Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory vasoactive lipid mediators implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We studied the effect of the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor AZD5718 on leukotriene biosynthesis and coronary microvascular function in a single-blind, phase 2a study. Methods: Patients 7–28 days after myocardial infarction (±ST elevation), with coronary artery stenosis and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade ≥ 2 after percutaneous coronary intervention, were randomized 2:1:2 to once-daily AZD5718 200 mg or 50 mg, or placebo, in 4- and 12-week cohorts. Change in urine leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) was the primary endpoint, and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR; via echocardiography) was the key secondary endpoint. Results: Of 129 randomized patients, 128 received treatment (200 mg, n = 52; 50 mg, n = 25; placebo, n = 51). Statistically significant reductions in uLTE4 levels of >80% were observed in both AZD5718 groups versus the placebo group at 4 and 12 weeks. No significant changes in CFVR were observed for AZD5718 versus placebo. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 12/18, 3/6 and 6/13 patients receiving 200 mg, 50 mg and placebo, respectively, in the 4-week cohort, and in 27/34, 14/19 and 24/38 patients, respectively, in the 12-week cohort. Serious AEs in seven patients receiving AZD5718 and four receiving placebo were not treatment-related, and there were no deaths. </p

Acetylcholinesterase-capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Controlled by the Presence of Inhibitors

[EN] Two different acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), S1-AChE and S2-AChE, were prepared and characterized. MSNs were loaded with rhodamine B and the external surface was functionalized with either pyridostigmine derivative P1 (to yield solid S1) or neostigmine derivative P2 (to obtain S2). The final capped materials were obtained by coordinating grafted P1 or P2 with AChE ' s active sites (to give S1-AChE and S2-AChE, respectively). Both materials were able to release rho-damine B in the presence of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) or neostigmine in a concentration-dependent manner via the competitive displacement of AChE through DFP and neostigmine coordination with the AChE ' s active sites. The responses of S1-AChE and S2-AChE were also tested with other enzyme inhibitors and substrates. These studies suggest that S1-AChE nanoparticles can be used for the selective detection of nerve agent simulant DFP and paraoxon.Financial support from the Spanish Government and FEDER funds (Project MAT2015‐64139‐C4‐1‐R, AGL2015‐70235‐C2‐2‐R) and the Generalitat Valencia (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047) is gratefully acknowledged. Ll. P. is grateful to the Universitat Politécnica de Valencia for his grant.Pascual, L.; El Sayed Shehata Nasr, S.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2017). Acetylcholinesterase-capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Controlled by the Presence of Inhibitors. Chemistry - An Asian Journal. 12(7):775-784. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201700031S775784127Alberti, S., Soler-Illia, G. J. A. A., & Azzaroni, O. (2015). Gated supramolecular chemistry in hybrid mesoporous silica nanoarchitectures: controlled delivery and molecular transport in response to chemical, physical and biological stimuli. 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Cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN)-capped hollow mesoporous silica particles for enzyme-triggered drug delivery. Dalton Transactions, 40(39), 10203. doi:10.1039/c1dt11114kAgostini, A., Mondragón, L., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., Marcos, M. D., Sancenón, F., … Murguía, J. R. (2012). Targeted Cargo Delivery in Senescent Cells Using Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51(42), 10556-10560. doi:10.1002/anie.201204663Agostini, A., Mondragón, L., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., Marcos, M. D., Sancenón, F., … Murguía, J. R. (2012). Targeted Cargo Delivery in Senescent Cells Using Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie, 124(42), 10708-10712. doi:10.1002/ange.201204663Aznar, E., Villalonga, R., Giménez, C., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Amorós, P. (2013). Glucose-triggered release using enzyme-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, 49(57), 6391. doi:10.1039/c3cc42210kChen, M., Huang, C., He, C., Zhu, W., Xu, Y., & Lu, Y. (2012). A glucose-responsive controlled release system using glucose oxidase-gated mesoporous silica nanocontainers. Chemical Communications, 48(76), 9522. doi:10.1039/c2cc34290aDíez, P., Sánchez, A., Gamella, M., Martínez-Ruíz, P., Aznar, E., de la Torre, C., … Pingarrón, J. M. (2014). Toward the Design of Smart Delivery Systems Controlled by Integrated Enzyme-Based Biocomputing Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(25), 9116-9123. doi:10.1021/ja503578bDíez, P., Sánchez, A., Torre, C. de la, Gamella, M., Martínez-Ruíz, P., Aznar, E., … Villalonga, R. (2016). Neoglycoenzyme-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Toward the Design of Nanodevices for Pulsatile Programmed Sequential Delivery. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(12), 7657-7665. doi:10.1021/acsami.5b12645Yang, X., Pu, F., Chen, C., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2012). An enzyme-responsive nanocontainer as an intelligent signal-amplification platform for a multiple proteases assay. Chemical Communications, 48(90), 11133. doi:10.1039/c2cc36340bDatz, S., Argyo, C., Gattner, M., Weiss, V., Brunner, K., Bretzler, J., … Bein, T. (2016). Genetically designed biomolecular capping system for mesoporous silica nanoparticles enables receptor-mediated cell uptake and controlled drug release. Nanoscale, 8(15), 8101-8110. doi:10.1039/c5nr08163gSun, X., Zhao, Y., Lin, V. S.-Y., Slowing, I. I., & Trewyn, B. G. (2011). Luciferase and Luciferin Co-immobilized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Materials for Intracellular Biocatalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133(46), 18554-18557. doi:10.1021/ja2080168Liu, P., Wang, X., Hiltunen, K., & Chen, Z. (2015). Controllable Drug Release System in Living Cells Triggered by Enzyme–Substrate Recognition. 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Chemical Communications, 47(33), 9459. doi:10.1039/c1cc12740cEl Sayed, S., Milani, M., Milanese, C., Licchelli, M., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2016). Anions as Triggers in Controlled Release Protocols from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Macrocyclic Copper(II) Complexes. Chemistry - A European Journal, 22(39), 13935-13945. doi:10.1002/chem.201601024Tukappa, A., Ultimo, A., de la Torre, C., Pardo, T., Sancenón, F., & Martínez-Máñez, R. (2016). Polyglutamic Acid-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Enzyme-Controlled Drug Delivery. Langmuir, 32(33), 8507-8515. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01715Giménez, C., Climent, E., Aznar, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., … Rurack, K. (2014). Über den chemischen Informationsaustausch zwischen gesteuerten Nanopartikeln. Angewandte Chemie, 126(46), 12838-12843. doi:10.1002/ange.201405580De la Torre, C., Agostini, A., Mondragón, L., Orzáez, M., Sancenón, F., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Pérez-Payá, E. (2014). Temperature-controlled release by changes in the secondary structure of peptides anchored onto mesoporous silica supports. Chem. Commun., 50(24), 3184-3186. doi:10.1039/c3cc49421gOroval, M., Climent, E., Coll, C., Eritja, R., Aviñó, A., Marcos, M. D., … Amorós, P. (2013). An aptamer-gated silica mesoporous material for thrombin detection. Chemical Communications, 49(48), 5480. doi:10.1039/c3cc42157kPascual, L., Sayed, S. E., Martínez-Máñez, R., Costero, A. M., Gil, S., Gaviña, P., & Sancenón, F. (2016). Acetylcholinesterase-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles That Open in the Presence of Diisopropylfluorophosphate (a Sarin or Soman Simulant). Organic Letters, 18(21), 5548-5551. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02793Comes, M., Rodríguez-López, G., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Beltrán, D. (2005). Host Solids Containing Nanoscale Anion-Binding Pockets and Their Use in Selective Sensing Displacement Assays. 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Oxyaniliniums as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the reversal of neuromuscular block. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12(2), 193-196. doi:10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00703-xRoyo, S., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Costero, A. M., Parra, M., & Gil, S. (2007). Chromogenic and fluorogenic reagents for chemical warfare nerve agents’ detection. Chemical Communications, (46), 4839. doi:10.1039/b707063bFan, C., Tsui, L., & Liao, M.-C. (2011). Parathion degradation and its intermediate formation by Fenton process in neutral environment. Chemosphere, 82(2), 229-236. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.016Fomsgaard, I. S. (1995). Degradation of Pesticides in Subsurface Soils, Unsaturated Zone—a Review Of Methods and Results. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 58(1-4), 231-245. doi:10.1080/03067319508033127Turan, J., Kesik, M., Soylemez, S., Goker, S., Coskun, S., Unalan, H. E., & Toppare, L. (2016). An effective surface design based on a conjugated polymer and silver nanowires for the detection of paraoxon in tap water and milk. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 228, 278-286. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.01.034Funari, R., Della Ventura, B., Carrieri, R., Morra, L., Lahoz, E., Gesuele, F., … Velotta, R. (2015). Detection of parathion and patulin by quartz-crystal microbalance functionalized by the photonics immobilization technique. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 67, 224-229. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.020Fu, G., Chen, W., Yue, X., & Jiang, X. (2013). Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of organophosphate pesticides using copper catalyzed click chemistry. Talanta, 103, 110-115. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.016Wang, K., Wang, L., Jiang, W., & Hu, J. (2011). A sensitive enzymatic method for paraoxon detection based on enzyme inhibition and fluorescence quenching. Talanta, 84(2), 400-405. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.05

A threat to climate-secure European futures? Exploring racial logics and climate-induced migration in US and EU climate security discourses

Whether formulated as a security risk, a form of climate adaptation, a legal dilemma, or an issue of (in)justice, the debate on climate change and migration draws upon multiple, oftentimes contradictory, discourses. This paper examines the role of racial identities in debates about the security implications of climate-induced migration (CIM). The paper proposes a reconceptualization of ‘racial logics’: a form of discursive construction that connects naturalized assumptions about racialized Others with possible outcomes in conditions of future climate insecurity. The paper argues that 'Muslim' and 'African' migrant populations – in the context of possible CIM from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to the EU – are racialized with a potential capacity for radicalization and terrorism. Constructed as racialized Others, 'Muslim' and 'African' migrant populations could face exclusionary containment policies in climate-insecure futures. The article concludes with a call to challenge racial logics and the restrictive, unjust possibilities they suggest for future climate security politics