3,147 research outputs found
An Investigation of the Large-scale Variability of the Apparently Single Wolf-Rayet Star WR 1
In recent years, much studies have focused on determining the origin of the
large-scale line-profile and/or photometric patterns of variability displayed
by some apparently single Wolf-Rayet stars, with the existence of an unseen
(collapsed?) companion or of spatially extended wind structures as potential
candidates. We present observations of WR 1 which highlight the unusual
character of the variations in this object. Our narrowband photometric
observations reveal a gradual increase of the stellar continuum flux amounting
to Delta v = 0.09 mag followed by a decline on about the same timescale (3-4
days). Only marginal evidence for variability is found during the 11 following
nights.
Strong, daily line-profile variations are also observed but they cannot be
easily linked to the photometric variations.
Similarly to the continuum flux variations, coherent time-dependent changes
are observed in 1996 in the centroid, equivalent width, and skewness of He II
4686. Despite the generally coherent nature of the variations, we do not find
evidence in our data for the periods claimed in previous studies. While the
issue of a cyclical pattern of variability in WR 1 is still controversial, it
is clear that this object might constitute in the future a cornerstone for our
understanding of the mechanisms leading to the formation of largely anisotropic
outflows in Wolf-Rayet stars.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
On the processing of dense hetero-nanostructured metallic materials for improved strength / ductility balance by ecae and sps methods
This paper has examined some recent findings concerning the
processing of fully dense hetero-nanostructured materials (i.e. consisting of nano, ultrafine and micrometric grains) which can be produced by using the interplay between heavy deformation and recrystallization. By plastic deformation of bulk materials, an improved strength/ductility balance can be obtained directly by imparting high strain deformation (by ECAE) until the occurrence of recrystallization. Using a powder metallurgy route, the strong potential of electric field assisted sintering (ECAS) techniques for producing multi-scale microstructures when a milled powder is used is demonstrated. In this case, in addition to modifying the classic processing parameters (time/temperature of SPS), altering the nature of the milled powder - by Y2O3 addition during the milling stage - is also a good way to delay the onset of recrystallization and, thereby, increase the fraction of ultrafine grains
Resampling technique applied to statistics of microsegregation characterization
Characterization of chemical heterogeneities at the dendrite scale is of practical importance for understanding phase transformation either during solidification or during subsequent solid-state treatment. Spot analysis with electron probe is definitely well-suited to investigate such heterogeneities at the micron scale that is relevant for most solidified products. However, very few has been done about the statistics of experimental solute distributions gained from such analyses when they are now more and more used for validating simulation data. There are two main sources generating discrepancies between estimated and actual solute distributions in an alloy: i) data sampling with a limited number of measurements to keep analysis within a reasonable time length; and ii) uncertainty linked to the measurement process, namely the physical noise that accompanies X-ray emission. Focusing on the first of these sources, a few 2-D composition images have been generated by phase field modelling of a Mg-Al alloy. These images were then used to obtain "true" solute distributions to which to compare coarse grid analyses as generally performed with a microanalyser. Resampling, i.e. generating several distributions by grid analyses with limited number of picked-up values, was then used to get statistics of estimates of solute distribution. The discussion of the present results deals first with estimating the average solute content and then focuses on the distribution in the primary phase
Modification, Ablation and Hardening of Metallic Surfaces by a Cryogenic Nitrogen Jet
AbstractThis contribution gives the first results of an ongoing research aiming at developing a new surface treatment technique usinga supercritical nitrogen jet, named Jazolthop, for surface modification. As nitrogen is naturally recycled within air, this new process has a high potential for surface treatment without any chemical, physical or sewage effluents. This contribution shows that, pending on the operating condition, the technique can be used (i) under a stripping or ablation mode as well as, in a “less conventional” approach, (ii) for surface hardening.Illustration of the ablation mode is given for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy treated under static conditions using an intrusive jet. After 2min of treatment, a thickness of 200μm was removed from the surface by successive stripping out of micro-chips.Illustration of the hardening mode is given through the analysis of stainless steels treated under the cryogenic jet at a moving torch velocity of 5mm/min. The jet conditions were selected to be less intrusive and trigger the martensitic transformation without creating surface flaws of micro-cavities. In this case, the hardness of the steels was more than doubled after the passage of the cryogenic jet
The bright optical afterglow of the long GRB 001007
We present optical follow up observations of the long GRB 001007 between 6.14
hours and ~468 days after the event. An unusually bright optical afterglow (OA)
was seen to decline following a steep power law decay with index alpha = -2.03
+/- 0.11, possibly indicating a break in the light curve at t - to < 3.5 days,
as found in other bursts. Upper limits imposed by the LOTIS alerting system
6.14 hours after the gamma ray event provide tentative (1.2 sigma) evidence for
a break in the optical light curve. The spectral index beta of the OA yields
-1.24 +/- 0.57. These values may be explained both by several fireball jet
models and by the cannonball model. Fireball spherical expansion models are not
favoured. Late epoch deep imaging revealed the presence of a complex host
galaxy system, composed of at least two objects located 1.2" (1.7 sigma) and
1.9" (2.7 sigma) from the afterglow position.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, published in A&
First Observation of CP Violation in B0->D(*)CP h0 Decays by a Combined Time-Dependent Analysis of BaBar and Belle Data
We report a measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry of B0->D(*)CP h0
decays, where the light neutral hadron h0 is a pi0, eta or omega meson, and the
neutral D meson is reconstructed in the CP eigenstates K+ K-, K0S pi0 or K0S
omega. The measurement is performed combining the final data samples collected
at the Y(4S) resonance by the BaBar and Belle experiments at the
asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. The
data samples contain ( 471 +/- 3 ) x 10^6 BB pairs recorded by the BaBar
detector and ( 772 +/- 11 ) x 10^6, BB pairs recorded by the Belle detector. We
measure the CP asymmetry parameters -eta_f S = +0.66 +/- 0.10 (stat.) +/- 0.06
(syst.) and C = -0.02 +/- 0.07 (stat.) +/- 0.03 (syst.). These results
correspond to the first observation of CP violation in B0->D(*)CP h0 decays.
The hypothesis of no mixing-induced CP violation is excluded in these decays at
the level of 5.4 standard deviations.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Determination of the b quark mass at the M_Z scale with the DELPHI detector at LEP
An experimental study of the normalized three-jet rate of b quark events with
respect to light quarks events (light= \ell \equiv u,d,s) has been performed
using the CAMBRIDGE and DURHAM jet algorithms. The data used were collected by
the DELPHI experiment at LEP on the Z peak from 1994 to 2000. The results are
found to agree with theoretical predictions treating mass corrections at
next-to-leading order. Measurements of the b quark mass have also been
performed for both the b pole mass: M_b and the b running mass: m_b(M_Z). Data
are found to be better described when using the running mass. The measurement
yields: m_b(M_Z) = 2.85 +/- 0.18 (stat) +/- 0.13 (exp) +/- 0.19 (had) +/- 0.12
(theo) GeV/c^2 for the CAMBRIDGE algorithm. This result is the most precise
measurement of the b mass derived from a high energy process. When compared to
other b mass determinations by experiments at lower energy scales, this value
agrees with the prediction of Quantum Chromodynamics for the energy evolution
of the running mass. The mass measurement is equivalent to a test of the
flavour independence of the strong coupling constant with an accuracy of 7
permil.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
Study of Leading Hadrons in Gluon and Quark Fragmentation
The study of quark jets in e+e- reactions at LEP has demonstrated that the
hadronisation process is reproduced well by the Lund string model. However, our
understanding of gluon fragmentation is less complete. In this study enriched
quark and gluon jet samples of different purities are selected in three-jet
events from hadronic decays of the Z collected by the DELPHI experiment in the
LEP runs during 1994 and 1995. The leading systems of the two kinds of jets are
defined by requiring a rapidity gap and their sum of charges is studied. An
excess of leading systems with total charge zero is found for gluon jets in all
cases, when compared to Monte Carlo Simulations with JETSET (with and without
Bose-Einstein correlations included) and ARIADNE. The corresponding leading
systems of quark jets do not exhibit such an excess. The influence of the gap
size and of the gluon purity on the effect is studied and a concentration of
the excess of neutral leading systems at low invariant masses (<~ 2 GeV/c^2) is
observed, indicating that gluon jets might have an additional hitherto
undetected fragmentation mode via a two-gluon system. This could be an
indication of a possible production of gluonic states as predicted by QCD.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by Phys. Lett.
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