Examining the association between perceived discrimination and heart rate variability in African Americans.

Previous research attempting to delineate the role of discrimination in racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension has focused largely on blood pressure, which is chiefly governed by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. Consequently, few studies have considered the role of the parasympathetic branch and particularly its regulation of the heart via the vagus nerve

Towards a framework for critical citizenship education

Increasingly countries around the world are promoting forms of "critical" citizenship in the planned curricula of schools. However, the intended meaning behind this term varies markedly and can range from a set of creative and technical skills under the label "critical thinking" to a desire to encourage engagement, action and political emancipation, often labelled "critical pedagogy". This paper distinguishes these manifestations of the "critical" and, based on an analysis of the prevailing models of critical pedagogy and citizenship education, develops a conceptual framework for analysing and comparing the nature of critical citizenship

The evolution of mating systems in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72492/1/j.1096-3642.1983.tb00858.x.pd

The role of networks to overcome large-scale challenges in tomography : the non-clinical tomography users research network

Our ability to visualize and quantify the internal structures of objects via computed tomography (CT) has fundamentally transformed science. As tomographic tools have become more broadly accessible, researchers across diverse disciplines have embraced the ability to investigate the 3D structure-function relationships of an enormous array of items. Whether studying organismal biology, animal models for human health, iterative manufacturing techniques, experimental medical devices, engineering structures, geological and planetary samples, prehistoric artifacts, or fossilized organisms, computed tomography has led to extensive methodological and basic sciences advances and is now a core element in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) research and outreach toolkits. Tomorrow's scientific progress is built upon today's innovations. In our data-rich world, this requires access not only to publications but also to supporting data. Reliance on proprietary technologies, combined with the varied objectives of diverse research groups, has resulted in a fragmented tomography-imaging landscape, one that is functional at the individual lab level yet lacks the standardization needed to support efficient and equitable exchange and reuse of data. Developing standards and pipelines for the creation of new and future data, which can also be applied to existing datasets is a challenge that becomes increasingly difficult as the amount and diversity of legacy data grows. Global networks of CT users have proved an effective approach to addressing this kind of multifaceted challenge across a range of fields. Here we describe ongoing efforts to address barriers to recently proposed FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reuse) and open science principles by assembling interested parties from research and education communities, industry, publishers, and data repositories to approach these issues jointly in a focused, efficient, and practical way. By outlining the benefits of networks, generally, and drawing on examples from efforts by the Non-Clinical Tomography Users Research Network (NoCTURN), specifically, we illustrate how standardization of data and metadata for reuse can foster interdisciplinary collaborations and create new opportunities for future-looking, large-scale data initiatives

How social are social media? A review of online social behaviour and connectedness

The use of social media is rapidly increasing, and one of the major discussions of the 21st century revolvesaround how the use of these applications will impact on the social relationships of users. To contribute tothis discussion, we present a brief narrative review highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of socialmedia use on three key aspects of social connectedness: social capital, sense of community, and loneliness.The results indicate that using social media can increase social capital, lead to the formation of friendshipsand communities, and reduce loneliness. However, some social media site users may experience weakeningfriendships, online ostracism, and heightened loneliness. Therefore, we argue that the use of social mediahas contradictory effects on social connectedness. Moreover, the direction of these outcomes is contingentupon who is using the site and how they are using it. Based on these arguments, possible directions for futureresearch are discussed. It is recommended that discourse be continued relating to the association betweenonline social behaviour and connectedness, as this will enable researchers to establish whether the positiveoutcomes of social media use outweigh the negative

Righting the Historical Record: Highlighting the Significant Contributions of Black Psychologists in American Schools

The field of educational psychology, while closely aligned with several adjacent branches of psychology, focuses on teaching and learning processes in support of the development of students within K-16 environments and beyond. Similar to other fields, educational psychology has been historically dominated by theories and empirical studies developed and carried out by White scholars who presented racially and culturally biased ideologies that lacked Black perspectives. Couched within an Afrocentric and Critical Race Theory framework, the present article sets out to right the historical record by uplifting the voices of four prominent Black psychologists who played an important role in American schools and who have been largely ignored in the field of educational psychology. We review the works of Inez B. Prosser (1897-1934), A. Wade Boykin (1947-present), Barbara J. Robinson Shade (1933-present), and Asa Hilliard III-Baffour Amankwatia II (1933-2007). Each scholar has made significant impacts on American schools, ranging from pursuing innovative research topics and methodologies, providing expert testimony in landmark civil rights legislation, and leading college and university initiatives with generation-wide impacts on Black learners and communities. Based on the impact of the scholars highlighted in this article, we offer recommendations for the next steps in advancing the field toward a position of eradicating anti-Black racism and toward uplifting and centering the voices of Black learners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Belonging-Centered Instruction: An Observational Approach toward Establishing Inclusive Mathematics Classrooms

Historically marginalized students of color face persistent threats to their sense of belonging in secondary mathematics classrooms. To address such alienation and promote learning equity in mathematics education, we have conceptualized Belonging-Centered Instruction (BCI) as teachers’ provision of opportunities for active inclusion, achievement, identification, and empowerment through interpersonal and instructional supports (Goodenow, 1993; Gutiérrez, 2012). By leveraging 1) qualitative interviews with students of color, 2) secondary data analysis of classroom video data from the Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database, and 3) existing theory on belonging and learning equity, we operationalized BCI through developing a structured observation protocol that honors marginalized students’ voices and conceptualizations of belonging in secondary mathematics classrooms. The BCI protocol conceives two domains of teacher support (Interpersonal and Instructional supports for belonging), as well as seven distinct subdimensions of teachers’ belonging-centered practice (Social & Emotional Bridging, Communal Orientation, and Empathetic Awareness & Support in the Interpersonal domain; Safety to Be Wrong, Decentering Teacher Authority, Mathematics to Know Myself & My World, and High Standards & Rigorous Support in the Instructional domain). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses indicated moderate-to-strong reliability of the BCI domains and subdimensions across ten well-trained coders. Multiple regression analyses revealed that several BCI subdimensions predicted important student outcomes, including classroom engagement, sense of mathematical agency, and year-end mathematics achievement. State Space Grid (SSG) analyses highlighted the temporal and patterned ways teachers can enact various BCI subdimensions in their instruction, revealing how BCI dynamically plays out over the course of a single lesson. Overall, these analyses suggest that teachers can leverage the BCI protocol to promote learning equity for students of color by increasing their access to high-quality and rigorous instruction, honoring their historically marginalized cultural identities, and empowering them to claim agency as mathematical thinkers and learners both in and beyond secondary mathematics classrooms