The principle of symmetry and clinical practice

In this paper we discuss the use of the principle of symmetry in clinical medicine. The principle plays pivotal role in the identification of new knowledge and the formation of basic laws on its basis, in medicine, the laws of human nature, health and disease. The principle of symmetry serves as a strong foundation for the establishment of systematic relations between them. Several types of symmetry (axial, central, rotational, transitional, etc.) have been discussed. The clinical examples demonstrate an importance of the principle of symmetry in scientific work and the work of physician. The knowledge of the principle of symmetry determinates its use, expands the understanding of diseases and approaches to their diagnostics and treatment

The effect of CORM-3 on the inflammatory nature of haemorrhagic stroke

Objective─ Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is accompanied by a pronounced inflammatory response that mediates brain damage but is also essential for the tissue reparative process. Here we assessed the effect of CORM-3, a water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule possessing anti-inflammatory properties, on inflammation and brain injury after ICH. Design─ In vivo, in vitro and ex vivo laboratory study. Setting─ Research laboratory. Subjects─ Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 250-350g. Interventions and Measurements─ A model of collagenase injection (2 μl) in brain was established to induce ICH. CORM-3 (4 or 8 mg/kg) was administered i.v. at different times as follows: a) 5 min prior to collagenase, b) 3 hours after collagenase and c) 3 days after collagenase challenge. Saline was used as a negative control. Brain damage, brain water content and behavioural assessment were evaluated. The inflammatory response was determined at set intervals after ICH by counting peripheral neutrophils and lymphocytes, neutrophils and activated microglia/macrophages in the ICH area, brain water content and measuring plasma TNF-α levels. BV2 microglia and DI-TNC1 astrocytes were exposed to triton (1%) or CORM-3 (10-100 μM) and cytotoxicity (LDH assay) measured at 24 hours. Main Results─ Challenge with collagenase to induce ICH caused marked brain damage and modified the levels of inflammatory markers. Pre-treatment with CORM- 3 significantly prevented injury, modulated inflammation and reduced plasma TNF-α. CORM-3 given 3 hours after collagenase significantly increased brain injury and TNF-α production. In contrast, CORM-3 given 3 days after collagenase afforded partial protection, modulated inflammation and decreased TNF-α starting from the day of application. No dose-dependent effects were observed. Conclusions─ CORM-3 promotes neuroprotection or neurotoxicity after ICH depending on the time of administration. Beneficial effects are achieved when CORM-3 is given either before or 3 days after ICH, namely, as a prophylactic agent or during the post-acute inflammatory phase

Advances and challenges in geroscience research: An update

Aging remains the most pervasive risk factor for a wide range of chronic diseases that afflict modern societies. In the United States alone, incidence of age-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, cancer, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and osteoarthritis) is on the rise, posing an unsustainable socioeconomic burden even for the most developed countries. Tackling each and every age-related disease alone is proving to be costly and ineffective. The emerging field of geroscience has posed itself as an interdisciplinary approach that aims to understand the relationship between the biology of aging and the pathophysiology of chronic age-related diseases. According to the geroscience concept, aging is the single major risk factor that underlies several age-related chronic diseases, and manipulation of cellular and systemic aging processes can delay the manifestation and/or severity of these age-related chronic pathologies. The goal of this endeavor is to achieve health improvements by preventing/delaying the pathogenesis of several age-related diseases simultaneously in the elderly population by targeting key cellular and molecular processes of aging instead of managing diseases of aging as they arise individually. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of geroscience, highlighting their implications for potential future therapeutic targets and the associated scientific challenges and opportunities that lay ahead

Optimal strategies

for real doctors and and medical scientistsA book for real doctors and medical scientists. Doctors who treat the patient, but not the dis-ease. Scientists who make scientific discoveries on a sound philosophical basis. You will read it not without pleasure and benefit