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    Doped Framework Iron Hydroxyl Phosphate as Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Water/Methanol Mixtures

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    [EN] In the search for novel photocatalysts for hydrogen production and with the alpha-Fe2O3 photoelectrocatalyst as a recent precedent, we report herein the preparation, semiconductor properties and photocatalytic activity of metal-doped (0.1-5 wt.-% loading) iron hydroxyl phosphate (FeP). X-ray diffraction analyses of FeP samples subjected to extended photocatalytic irradiation showed the stability of this framework phosphate under photocatalytic conditions. Doping increased the photocatalytic efficiency of FeP for all dopants, with the optimal doping level between 0.1 and 1%. Under the optimized conditions (Cr at 1% doping), the photocatalytic activity of FeP reached a hydrogen production rate of 35.82 mu molg(Fe)(-1) in the absence of platinum as co-catalyst. The conduction flat band potential was estimated by photocurrent measurements or impedance spectroscopy to be 0.1 eV versus NHE and the charge carrier density 2.6 x 10(20) carriers cm(-3). Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed a transient species decaying on the microsecond time-scale characterized by a broad band spanning 300-750 nm. This transient was attributed to the charge-separated state. These results are promising for the development of novel photocatalytic materials based on framework metal phosphate.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MEC) (Severo Ochoa and CTQ20212-32315) and the Generalidad Valenciana (Prometeo 2012/014) is gratefully acknowledged. M. S. thanks the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Technical University of Valencia for a postgraduate scholarship.Serra, M.; García Baldoví, H.; Alvaro Rodríguez, MM.; García Gómez, H. (2015). Doped Framework Iron Hydroxyl Phosphate as Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Water/Methanol Mixtures. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2015(25):4237-4243. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201500629S42374243201525Amao, Y. (2011). 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    Exploring excited states of Pt(ii) diimine catecholates for photoinduced charge separation

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    The intense absorption in the red part of the visible range, and the presence of a lowest charge-transfer excited state, render Platinum(II) diimine catecholates potentially promising candidates for light-driven applications. Here, we test their potential as sensitisers in dye-sensitised solar cells and apply, for the first time, the sensitive method of photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) to determine the efficiency of electron injection in the semiconductor from a photoexcited Pt(II) complex. Pt(II) catecholates containing 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-di-carboxylic acid (dcbpy) have been prepared from their parent iso-propyl ester derivatives, complexes of 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-di-C(O)OiPr, (COOiPr)2bpy, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties studied. Modifying diimine Pt(II) catecholates with carboxylic acid functionality has allowed for the anchoring of these complexes to thin film TiO2, where steric bulk of the complexes (3,5-ditBu-catechol vs. catechol) has been found to significantly influence the extent of monolayer surface coverage. Dye-sensitised solar cells using Pt(dcbpy)(tBu2Cat), 1a, and Pt(dcbpy)(pCat), 2a, as sensitisers, have been assembled, and photovoltaic measurements performed. The observed low, 0.02–0.07%, device efficiency of such DSSCs is attributed at least in part to the short excited state lifetime of the sensitisers, inherent to this class of complexes. The lifetime of the charge-transfer ML/LLCT excited state in Pt((COOiPr)2bpy)(3,5-di-tBu-catechol) was determined as 250 ps by picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, TRIR. The measured increase in device efficiency for 2a over 1a is consistent with a similar increase in the quantum yield of charge separation (where the complex acts as a donor and the semiconductor as an acceptor) determined by PAC, and is also proportional to the increased surface loading achieved with 2a. It is concluded that the relative efficiency of devices sensitised with these particular Pt(II) species is governed by the degree of surface coverage. Overall, this work demonstrates the use of Pt(diimine)(catecholate) complexes as potential photosensitizers in solar cells, and the first application of photoacoustic calorimetry to Pt(II) complexes in general

    Improved environmental stability of organic lead trihalide perovskite-based photoactive-layers in the presence of mesoporous TiO2

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    Impressive hybrid photovoltaic device performances have been realised with the methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskite absorber in a wide range of device architectures. However, the question as to which of these systems represents the most commercially viable long-term prospect is yet to be answered conclusively. Here, we report on the photoinduced charge transfer processes in MAPbI3 based films measured under inert and ambient conditions. When exposed to ambient conditions, the coated mesoporous Al2O3 and bilayer systems show a rapid and significant degradation in the yield of long-lived charge separation. This process, which does not affect sensitized-mesoporous TiO2 films, is only found to occur when both light and oxygen are present. These observations indicate that the presence of a mesostructured TiO2 electron acceptor to rapidly extract the photoexcited electron from the perovskite sensitizer may be crucial for fundamental photovoltaic stability and significantly increases innate tolerance to environmental conditions. This work highlights a significant advantage of retaining mesoscale morphological control in the design of perovskite photovoltaics

    Xanthan-Based Hydrogel for Stable and Efficient Quasi-Solid Truly Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with Cobalt Mediator

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    9siAqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are emerging as a promising alternative to enhance both the lifetime and environmental friendliness of traditional DSSCs. Herein, a cobalt-based, jellified (with xanthan gum) aqueous electrolyte, leading to a valuable efficiency exceeding 4% (VOC = 847 mV, JSC = 6.73 mA cm−2, fill factor =  74%), is reported. Design of experiment is used to precisely and significantly study, at a multivariate level, the effects produced by the Co2+ concentration, Co2+/Co3+ ratio, and xanthan gum amount modifications on the overall photovoltaic parameters of lab-scale solar cells.partially_openopenS. Galliano, F. Bella, M. Bonomo, F. Giordano, M. Grätzel, G. Viscardi, A. Hagfeldt, C. Gerbaldi, C. BaroloGalliano, S.; Bella, F.; Bonomo, M.; Giordano, F.; Grätzel, M.; Viscardi, G.; Hagfeldt, A.; Gerbaldi, C.; Barolo, C

    (3aR*,5R*)-5-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-1,2,3,3a-tetra­hydro­benzo[e]pyrrolo­[2,1-b][1,3]ox­azepin-10(5H)-one

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    The title compound, C18H16ClNO2, is the main product of a photoreaction. The two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 86.40 (2)° with each other. The 1,3-oxazepine C atom to which the 4-chloro­phenyl group is attached and the C atom of the 4-chloro­phenyl group attached to the 1,3-oxazepine ring are chiral C atoms, but the crystal is a racemate in which the enanti­omers are linked by a pair of weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming an inversion dimer

    Rose Bengal sensitized bilayered photoanode of nano-crystalline TiO–CeO for dye-sensitized solar cell application

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    There are two traditional ways to read Kant’s claim that every event necessarily has a cause: the weaker every-event some-cause (WCP) and the stronger same-cause same-effect (SCP) causal principles. The debate on whether and where he subscribes to the SCP has focused on the Analogies in the Critique of Pure Reason (Guyer, Allison, and Watkins) and on the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (Friedman). By analysing the arguments and conclusions of both the Analogies and the Postulates, as well as the two Latin principles non datur casus and non datur fatum that summarise their results, I will argue that the SCP is actually demonstrated in the Postulates section of the First Critique

    Preparation and characterization of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanorod solar cells

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    TiO2 nanorods were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The length of the TiO2 nanorods was varied from 1 μm to 6 μm. The scanning electron microscopy images show that the nanorods are perpendicular to the substrate. Both the X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman scattering results show that the nanorods have an anatase phase; no other phase has been observed. (101) and the (220) diffraction peaks have been observed for the TiO2 nanorods. The (101) diffraction peak intensity remained constant despite the increase of nanorod length, while the intensity of the (220) diffraction peak increased almost linearly with the nanorod length. These nanorods were used as the working electrodes in DSSCs and the effect of the nanorod length on the conversion efficiency has been studied. An optimum photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.8% has been achieved for 4 μm length nanorods
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