El contencioso de Gibraltar como conflicto mediático. Estudio de los encuadres noticiosos en la prensa española

The present research analyzes the treatment given by the Spanish press to the so-called “question of Gibraltar”, a diplomatic conflict, and military in the past, that last for several centuries. This research has focused on analyzing the position of the national press, regional and local levels with respect to this specific topic within the Straits of Gibraltar, having analyzed 686 information related to this area which have been drawn a total of 168 information on Gibraltar of all genres, published in El País, ABC and Diario de Cádiz. To develop this research, the five types of news frames by Semetko and Valkenburg were applied, in order to analyze the latent and subjective discourse of each information analyzed.El trabajo que aquí se presenta busca analizar el tratamiento que ofrece la prensa española de la denominada “cuestión de Gibraltar”, un conflicto diplomático y otrora bélico que dura ya varios siglos. Esta investigación se ha centrado en analizar el posicionamiento de la prensa nacional, regional y provincial con respecto a esta temática concreta dentro del área del Estrecho de Gibraltar, habiéndose analizado 686 informaciones relacionadas con este espacio de las cuales se han extraído un total de 168 informaciones sobre Gibraltar de todo tipo de géneros, publicadas en El País, ABC y Diario de Cádiz. Para la realización del estudio se aplicaron los cinco tipos de encuadres noticiosos de Semetko y Valkenburg, al objeto de analizar el discurso latente y subjetivo de cada una de las informaciones analizadas

Advances in high throughput and affordable phenotyping for adapting maize and wheat to climate change

[eng] Supplying sufficient food to an increasing population is one of the most important challenges over the next century. To meet this demand, crop productivity will need to increase while it is being threatened by climate change effects like the increase of temperatures and the intensity of drought periods. Improving crop performance is key for an efficient adaptation to these challenging growing conditions, with crop breeding being one of the pillars. In that sense selecting more productive varieties for specific environments requires a better understanding of plant acclimation to stress conditions, including efficient phenotyping approaches. Plant phenotyping research pursues the development of new methods with high-throughput capacity and affordable to characterize non-destructively plant traits of interest. The main focus of this thesis was to develop and study versatile and precise methodologies with high-throughput capacity in order to improve crop performance assessments, while saving time and costs in the phenotyping tasksof two of the most important cereal crops: maize and wheat. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with imaging sensors (including RGB, multispectral and thermal) permits covering simultaneously hectares of experimental fields fast, precisely, and in a non-destructive way. However, ground evaluations may still be an alternative in terms of cost and spatial resolution. The performance of these methodologies to assess genotypic differences in grain yield was evaluated in maize and wheat under different agronomical and environmental growing conditions such as nutrient deficiency, conservation agriculture, drought and heat stress. On one side, maize studies were performed in trials in Zimbabwe focused on the evaluation of genotypes under either low and normal phosphorus conditions or the application of conservation agriculture together with different top-dressing nitrogen fertilization regimes, to overcome the nutrient poverty of soils. In these studies, vegetation indices, related to parameters informing on the above-ground biomass and assessed during early stages of development, performed well as grain yield indicators. Moreover, during more advanced phenological stages, indices informing on the leaf and the canopy color were the traits that reported a better association with grain yield and N content in leaves. For the case of wheat, evaluations were performed in different latitudes in Spain covering a range of environments and grown under different management conditions, and sampling was performed during the reproductive stage (heading, anthesis and grain filling). In general terms, biomass indicators, such as canopy green biomass inferred from vegetation indices, together with water status indicators, such as canopy temperature, were the most critical traits predicting GY. The delay of senescence in water-limited environments and the photosynthetic efficiency measured by multispectral indices like the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) during anthesis were also relevant traits for GY under the rainfed and late-planting trials, respectively.[cat] La producció de suficient aliment per a una població cada cop més gran és un dels reptes més importants per al pròxim segle. Per assolir la demanda, la productivitat dels cultius han d’augmentar alhora que fan front als efectes del canvi climàtic com increment de les temperatures i la intensitat dels períodes de sequera. La millora de la capacitat dels cultius és un element clau per a l’adaptació a aquestes condicions més exigents i la selecció de varietats més productives sota ambients específics requereix una millor comprensió de l’aclimatació dels cultius als estressos. La recerca en fenotipatge de cultius té com objectiu el desenvolupament de noves metodologies d’alt rendiment capaces de caracteritzar característiques d’interès de les plantes d’una manera no destructiva. Sota condicions de camp, l’aplicació de metodologies tradicionals en experiments grans laboriós i requereix molt de temps. El principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi ha estat el desenvolupament i estudi diferents metodologies de caràcter versàtil, precises i d’alta capacitat per a millorar les mesures de com es desenvolupen els cultius, alhora de que es redueixen els costos i el temps requerit per a fer els mostrejos. El treball es basa en dos dels principals cereals: el blat i el blat de moro. L’ús de vehicles aeris no tripulats (UAV, del anglès Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) equipats amb càmeres i sensors (RGB, multiespectrals i termals) permet mesurar simultàniament hectàrees de camps experimentals d’una manera ràpida, precisa i sense la destrucció de mostra. Tot i així, les mesures a nivell de terra també són una alternativa prou potent pel que fa el cost i la resolució espacial. La capacitat d’aquestes metodologies per a mesurar diferencies genotípiques en el rendiment del blat de moro i el blat ha estat analitzada sota diferents condicions de creixement com la deficiència de nutrients, pràctiques de agricultura de conservació, sequera i altes temperatures. Per una banda, els estudis de blat de moro es van desenvolupar a Zimbabwe i estaven focalitzats en l’avaluació de genotips sota condicions diferents de fòsfor o en l’aplicació de l’agricultura de conservació per combatre la pobresa mineral dels sòls. En aquests estudis, les mesures relacionades amb paràmetres de biomassa aèria durant estadis primerencs de desenvolupament va funcionar bé com a indicadors de rendiment. A més, durant estadis fenològics més avançats, mesures de color de la capçada del cultiu van estar associats tant amb el rendiment com amb el contingut de nitrogen en les fulles. En el cas del blat, les avaluacions es van dur a terme a diferents latituds d’Espanya, cobrint un ampli rang de condicions climàtiques i agronòmiques. Els mostrejos es van realitzar en diferents estadis fenològics. En termes generals, els indicadors de biomassa i d’estat hídric del cultiu han estat de les mesures més correlacionades amb el rendiment. L’endarreriment de la senescència del cultiu en els ambients on l’aigua era el factor més limitant i el potencial fotosintètic mesurat per index multiespectrals durant la floració del cultiu han estat rellevants sota condicions de sequera i sembra tardana, respectivament

Evolución de la planta de concentración de la mina de estaño "El cubito" Salamanca

[Resumen] Durante los últimos diez años la mina de estaño "El Cubito", en la provincia de Salamanca, ha mantenido una producción regular e importante dentro del contexto español, pese a constituir un criadero de los habitualmente clasificados como "marginales" por su escasa ley media. La utilización de los recursos técnicos disponibles, que ha conseguido el elevado grado de eficacia necesario para hacer rentable la explotación del yacimiento, ha estado basada en la experiencia como método y la simplificación de procesos como objetivos.[Abstract] For the last ten years the tin mine "El Cubito" , in the province of Salamanca, has kept a regular and important production, within the Spanish context, in spite of to belong to mineral deposits classified as "marginal" because of their short grade. The use of the available technical means, which has made possible the high degree of efficacy needed to make profitable the exploitation, has been based on the experience as method and on a simplification of processes as objetives

Two Frequenins in Drosophila: unveiling the evolutionary history of an unusual Neuronal Calcium Sensor (NCS) duplication

13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 5 additional files.[Background] Drosophila Frequenin (Frq), the homolog of the mammalian Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS-1), is a high affinity calcium-binding protein with ubiquitous expression in the nervous system. This protein has an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release per synapse, axonal growth and bouton formation. In D. melanogaster, Frequenin is encoded by two genes (frq1 and frq2), a very unexpected feature in the Frq/NCS-1 subfamily. These genes are located in tandem in the same genomic region, and their products are 95% identical in their amino acid sequence, clearly indicating their recent origin by gene duplication. Here, we have investigated the factors involved in this unusual feature by examining the molecular evolution of the two frq genes in Drosophila and the evolutionary dynamics of NCS family in a large set of bilaterian species.[Results] Surprisingly, we have found no amino acid replacements fixed across the twelve Drosophila species surveyed. In contrast, synonymous substitutions have been prevalent in the evolution of the coding region of frq1 and frq2, indicating the presence of strong functional constraints following gene duplication. Despite that, we have detected that significant evolutionary rate acceleration had occurred in Frq1 in early times from the duplication, in which positive selection (likely promoting functional diversification) had probably an important role. The analysis of sequence conservation and DNA topology at the non-coding regions of both genes has allowed the identification of DNA regions candidates to be cis-regulatory elements. The results reveal a possible mechanism of regulatory diversification between frq1 and frq2.[Conclusions] The presence of two Frequenins in Drosophila and the rapid accumulation of amino acid substitutions after gene duplication are very unusual features in the evolution of the Frq/NCS-1 subfamily. Here we show that the action of positive selection in concordance with some extent of regulatory diversification might explain these findings. Selected amino acid substitutions in Frq1 likely contributed to the functional divergence between the two duplicates, which, in turn, should have diverged in their regulation by Ecdysone-induced early genes.Research was funded by grants BFU 2006-10180 and the European Research Network of Excellence MYORES ref.: CE-511978.Peer reviewe

Incorporation of form deviations into the matrix transformation method for tolerance analysis in assemblies

Comunicación presentada a MESIC 2019 8th Manufacturing Engineering Society International Conference (Madrid, 19-21 de Junio de 2019)Mathematical models for tolerance representation are used to assess how the geometrical variation of a specific component feature propagates along the assembly, so that tolerance analysis in assemblies can be carried out using a specific tolerance propagation method. Several methods for tolerance analysis have been proposed in the literature, being some of them implemented in CAD systems. All these methods require modelling the geometrical variations of the component surfaces: parametric models, variational models, DoF models, etc. One of the most commonly used models is the DoF model, which is employed in a number of tolerance analysis methods: Small Displacement Torsor (SDT), Technologically and Topologically Related Surfaces (TTRS), Matrix Transformation, Unified Jacobian–Torsor model. However, none of the DoF-based tolerance analysis methods incorporates the effect of form deviations. Among the non DoF-based methods, there are two that include form tolerances: the Vector Loop or Kinematic method and the Tolerance Map (T-Map) model, although the latter is still under development. In this work, a proposal to incorporate form deviations into the matrix transformation method for tolerance analysis in assemblies is developed using a geometrical variation model based on the DoF model. The proposal is evaluated applying it to a 2D case study with components that only have flat surfaces, but the proposal can be extrapolated to 3D cases

Campo de Gibraltar, una imagen con valor estratégico

Investigación que trata de abordar cuál es la imagen mediática e institucional de la comarca gaditana del Campo de Gibraltar a la vez que indaga en la posible influencia de esta imagen en la identidad de sus ciudadanos.536 página

Actitudes y percepciones de autoeficacia de los futuros docentes de Educación Física hacia la inclusión de personas con discapacidad

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las actitudes y percepciones de autoeficacia que tienen los futuros docentes para incluir al alumnado con discapacidad en sus sesiones de Educación Física. Para ello se ha pasado un cuestionario a cuarenta alumnos de la mención de Educación Física de Educación Primaria. A través de este instrumento se pretendía conocer la actitud hacia la inclusión de los participantes, su sentimiento de competencia para incluir al alumnado con discapacidad, el grado de formación que tienen los participantes en cuestiones relacionadas con la discapacidad y algunas propuestas para mejorarla. Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy altos en cuanto a la actitud hacia la inclusión y medios en cuanto a la percepción de autoeficacia. Igualmente, los participantes creen que es necesaria mayor formación y que la iniciación al deporte adaptado en primaria sería una buena estrategia para lograr la inclusión. Se puede concluir que los futuros docentes de Educación Física presentan actitudes muy positivas en relación a las personas con discapacidad, pero necesitan una mayor formación para adquirir seguridad y mayor sentimiento de competencia, siendo esta una de las principales barreras para lograr una educación física inclusiva.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primari

Fitting Nonlinear Calibration Curves: No Models Perfect

The study of the calibration of a series of compounds of environmental concern (six perfluoroalkyl compounds (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and five perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids), three preservatives (methyl-, ethyl- and propylparabens) and the brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane) by LC-MS/MS has been carries out, with a view to their simultaneous determination in samples of environmental interest. In some cases nonlinear calibration curves are obtained, but restricting the concentration range a linear model may be used to fit the data. Residual analysis has been performed in order to verify which models fit the data better, opting for a compromise decision given the apparent complexity of residuals plots. As Box states there are no perfect models (but models that work better than others)

Unveiling the truth : a systematic review of fact-checking and fake news research in social sciences

The current media ecosystem, marked by immediacy and social networks dynamics, has created a fertile field for disinformation. Faced with its exponential growth, since 2014, research has focused on combating false content in the media. From a descriptive approach, this study has analyzed 200 documents on fact-checking and fake news published between 2014 and 2022 in scientific journals indexed in Scopus. This study has found that Europe and the United States are leading the way in the number of journals and authors publishing on the subject. The United States universities are the ones that host the most significant number of authors working on fact-checking, while the methodologies used, mostly ad hoc due to the novelty of the topic, allow to reflect on the need to promote work focused on the design, testing, and evaluation of prototypes or real experiences within the field. The most common contributions analyzed include typologies of false content and media manipulation mechanisms, models for evaluating and detecting disinformation, proposals to combat false content and strengthen verification mechanisms, studies on the role of social media in the spread of disinformation, efforts to develop media literacy among the public and journalists, case studies of fact-checkers, identification of factors that influence the belief in fake news, and analysis of the relationship between disinformation, verification, politics, and democracy. It is concluded that it is essential to develop research that connects the academy with the industry to raise awareness of the need to address these issues among the different actors in the media scenario

Factores que influyen en las emociones en educación física: una revisión sistemática cualitativa

La educación emocional es un proceso de enseñanza estudiado y desarrollado en el campo de la EF y que cada vez cuenta con más investigaciones. El objetivo de la educación emocional consiste en el desarrollo íntegro de las personas a lo largo de su etapa evolutiva, extendiéndose hasta el periodo adulto. La emoción es su unidad básica y sus competencias tratan de que el individuo aprenda a reconocerlas y gestionarlas.El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los últimos diez años para conocer las variables que afectan en la creación de emociones y cuáles de ellas generan emociones positivas y cuales negativas. La muestra se conformó de dieciséis artículos analizados de forma cualitativa y de los cuales se extrajo que el apoyo a las necesidades psicológicas y la utilización del modelo TARGET para crear un clima de aula orientado hacia la tarea son las variables que generan mayor cantidad de emociones positivas. Además, la decisión en su aplicación, estará basada en las características demográficas del alumnado con el que se trabaje.<br /