Historia del programa radial “pedagógicamente”

1 recurso en línea (páginas 84-92)El presente artículo, es una reseña que tiene como objeto dar a conocer la experiencia que se ha llevado a cabo desde la creación e inicio del programa radial de la Licenciatura en Educación Básica con énfasis en Matemáticas, Humanidades y Lengua Castellana de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia denominado “Pedagógicamente”, el cual reconoce las múltiples posibilidades de la radio como recurso que aporta a la apropiación social del conocimiento a través de la divulgación y comunicación permanente sobre temas de interés educativo y formativo. Este espacio radial ha sido una oportunidad importante para generar reflexión acerca de las problemáticas del entorno, rescatar los procesos académicos como una oportunidad para enriquecer, destacar, visibilizar experiencias y propuestas significativas de los estudiantes, egresados de la licenciatura y expertos en diversos temas concernientes a la educación; de esta manera se logra hacer un aporte a la construcción pedagógica del programa.This article is a review that aims to reveal the experience that has been carried out since the beginning of the radio program that belongs to the Bachelor in Basic Education with emphasis on Mathematics, Humanities and Spanish Language of the Faculty of Distance Studies at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, which is called “Pedagogically”. This program recognizes the several possibilities of the radio as an opportunity that provides the social appropriation of knowledge by means of dissemination and continuous communication about topics of educational and formative interest. This radial space has been an important input to generate reflection about environmental issues, to rescue academic processes as an opportunity to enrich, highlight, portrait meaningful experiences and proposals of students, graduates of the degree and experts in several subjects concerning education; in this way it has been possible to make a contribution to the pedagogical construction for the program.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 91-92

Nuclei ultrastructural changes of C6/36 cells infected with virus dengue type 2

Introduction: Dengue virus replication has been considered mainly cytoplasmic, however, studies indicate that some flaviviruses may use the intranuclear pathway as part of the machinery that the virus uses to increase infection capacity in the host cell. This paper describes alterations at nuclear level in the cell infected with dengue, which are likely involved in the virus replication processes. Objective: This paper addresses the ultrastructural observations of C6/36 cells of the Aedes albopictus mosquito infected with dengue virus type 2. Materials and methods: C6/36 cells were infected in culture medium with the serum of a patient positively diagnosed for dengue 2. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 10 days and the cytopathic effect was assessed. The cells were processed for immunofluorescence assays and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The immunofluorescence assays confirmed the presence of viral protein E associated with cellular syncytia in the culture. In the ultrastructural study, the infected cells showed vesicular-tubular structures and dilated cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cytoplasmic level. Viral particles were found exclusively in cytoplasm localized within the vacuoles. Nuclei of cellular syncytia showed membrane structures arranged in a circular shape and, in some cases, these syncytia displayed lysis; in no case viral particles were observed at the nuclear level. Conclusions: The ultrastructural alterations of nuclei in cells infected with the dengue virus using electron microscopy techniques had not been reported before, as far as we know. It is likely that such modifications are associated with replicative processes at an intranuclear level as an alternate replication mechanism

The impact of surgical practice on oncological outcomes in robot-assisted radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer, Spanish National Registry

Minimal invasive surgery (MIS) has been associated with lower disease-free survival than open surgery among women who underwent radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. However, the mechanisms by which MIS increases mortality in cervical cancer remain uncertain. We aimed to determine if surgical practice among centers using robotic surgery has an impact on oncological outcomes. We evaluated 215 women with early-stage cervical cancer (≤IB1 or IIA1, FIGO 2009) who underwent robot-assisted radical hysterectomy in five Spanish tertiary centers between 2009 and 2018. A higher surgical volume, higher participation in clinical trials, higher rate of MRI use for diagnosis, greater use of sentinel lymph node biopsies, and a favorable learning curve with low rates of early recurrences were observed for the centers with better oncological outcomes. These factors might have a significant impact on oncological outcomes in all surgical approaches. Abstract: This study aimed to assess whether surgical practice had a significant impact on oncological outcomes among women who underwent robot-assisted radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer (≤IB1 or IIA1, FIGO 2009). The secondary objective was to audit the pre-surgical quality indicators (QI) proposed by the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO). The top 5 of 10 centers in Spain and Portugal were included in the analysis. The hospitals were divided into group A (n = 118) and group B (n = 97), with recurrence rates of 10%, respectively. After balancing both groups using the propensity score, the ORs for all events were higher and statistically significant for group B (recurrences OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13-1.15, p-value = 0.001; death OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.18, p-value = 0.012; disease-specific mortality ORr = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.19, p-value = 0.002). A higher surgical volume, higher participation in clinical trials, higher rate of MRI use for diagnosis, greater use of sentinel lymph node biopsies, and a favorable learning curve with low rates of early recurrences were observed among the centers with better oncological outcomes. These factors might have a significant impact on oncological outcomes not only after robot-assisted surgery, but also after laparoscopies and open surgeries in the treatment of cervical cancer

Accuracy and Survival Outcomes after National Implementation of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Stage Endometrial Cancer

Background. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has recently been accepted to evaluate nodal status in endometrial cancer at early stage, which is key to tailoring adjuvant treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the national implementation of SLN biopsy in terms of accuracy to detect nodal disease in a clinical setting and oncologic outcomes according to the volume of nodal disease. Patients and Methods. A total of 29 Spanish centers participated in this retrospective, multicenter registry including patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma at preoperative early stage who had undergone SLN biopsy between 2015 and 2021. Each center collected data regarding demographic, clinical, histologic, therapeutic, and survival characteristics. Results. A total of 892 patients were enrolled. After the surgery, 12.9% were suprastaged to FIGO 2009 stages III-IV and 108 patients (12.1%) had nodal involvement: 54.6% macrometastasis, 22.2% micrometastases, and 23.1% isolated tumor cells (ITC). Sensitivity of SLN biopsy was 93.7% and false negative rate was 6.2%. After a median follow up of 1.81 years, overall surivial and disease-free survival were significantly lower in patients who had macrometastases when compared with patients with negative nodes, micrometastases or ITC. Conclusions. In our nationwide cohort we obtained high sensitivity of SLN biopsy to detect nodal disease. The oncologic outcomes of patients with negative nodes and low-volume disease were similar after tailoring adjuvant treatments. In total, 22% of patients with macrometastasis and 50% of patients with micrometastasis were at low risk of nodal metastasis according to their preoperative risk factors, revealing the importance of SLN biopsy in the surgical management of patients with early stage EC

Influence of socioeconomic factors on pregnancy outcome in women with structural heart disease

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac disease is the leading cause of indirect maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to analyse to what extent socioeconomic factors influence the outcome of pregnancy in women with heart disease.  METHODS: The Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease is a global prospective registry. For this analysis, countries that enrolled ≥10 patients were included. A combined cardiac endpoint included maternal cardiac death, arrhythmia requiring treatment, heart failure, thromboembolic event, aortic dissection, endocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, hospitalisation for cardiac reason or intervention. Associations between patient characteristics, country characteristics (income inequality expressed as Gini coefficient, health expenditure, schooling, gross domestic product, birth rate and hospital beds) and cardiac endpoints were checked in a three-level model (patient-centre-country).  RESULTS: A total of 30 countries enrolled 2924 patients from 89 centres. At least one endpoint occurred in 645 women (22.1%). Maternal age, New York Heart Association classification and modified WHO risk classification were associated with the combined endpoint and explained 37% of variance in outcome. Gini coefficient and country-specific birth rate explained an additional 4%. There were large differences between the individual countries, but the need for multilevel modelling to account for these differences disappeared after adjustment for patient characteristics, Gini and country-specific birth rate.  CONCLUSION: While there are definite interregional differences in pregnancy outcome in women with cardiac disease, these differences seem to be mainly driven by individual patient characteristics. Adjustment for country characteristics refined the results to a limited extent, but maternal condition seems to be the main determinant of outcome

El choque cultural entre los profesores hispanos y el alumnado chino : Quejas del alumnado ante el enfoque comunicativo y posibles soluciones

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar las diferencias culturales que acontecen en el aula de enseñanza de español de diferentes universidades de China. La investigación se centra en la valoración del enfoque comunicativo por parte de los estudiantes, basándonos en un diseño mixto de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados de investigaciones anteriores realizadas a profesores de lengua inglesa muestran que los estudiantes chinos poseen un bajo nivel de adaptación ante los métodos de enseñanza que practican los profesores extranjeros, por este motivo, mediante la presente investigación, tratará de ver si sucede lo mismo con las clases de ELE de los profesores hispanos, para posteriormente aportar soluciones

Aplicación de un modelo biopsicosocial en la prevención de preeclampsia.

IP 1106-04-009-9

Calcio-ácido linoleico en la prevención de la preeclampsia y la hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo

En 12 centros de salud de Cali, se hizo un ensayo clínico controlado, al azar, que incluyó 91 gestantes primigrávidas, normotensas, con alto riesgo biopsicosocial, una prueba de presión arterial supina positiva y una presión arterial media alta. Las futuras madres se asignaron a 3 grupos: 43 (47.2%) al grupo de intervención (Grupo A: calcio elemental, 600 mg, ácido linoleico, 450 mg); y 48 (52.7%) a 2 grupos controles [Grupo B: 24 (26.3%), con intervención psicosocial y placebo; Grupo C: otras 24 (26.3%) que recibieron doble placebo.] Para comenzar el estudio se hizo una evaluación obstétrica y nutricional, con evaluación prospectiva del resultado perinatal. La edad promedio fue 21.1±4.9 años; no hubo diferencias estadísticas en las variables sociodemográficas. Del total, 20 (21.9%) pacientes desarrollaron HIEP; en el Grupo A, 4 (9.3%) [RR = 0.22 (i.c. 95% 0.08 - 0.64), p = 0.001]; en el Grupo control B, 4 (16.7%); y en el Grupo control C, 12 (50.0%). El calcio elemental y el ácido linoleico en dosis bajas, durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo, disminuyeron significativamente la incidencia de preeclampsia en pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollarla. We carried out a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study to investigate the capacity of linoleic acid/calcium and psychosocial support to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia. A total of 1,676 healthy primigravid women were screened with use of the prenatal biopsychosocial risk score, the roll-over test (a comparison of blood pressure before and after the woman rolls from her left side to her back) and the mean blood pressure during week 28 of 30 of gestation. Of 94 primigravid women with abnormal results [high biopsychosocial risk score (>3 pts), and increase in blood pressure during the roll-over test (> 15 mm Hg), and high mean blood pressure (>85 mm Hg)], 91 entered the study and were treated with a daily dose of either linoleic acid/calcium (Group A: 450/600 mg; 43 women) or placebo (Group B: psychosocial support and placebo; 24 women, Group C: placebo, 24 women) during the third trimester of pregnancy. The number of women in whom preeclamptic toxemia developed was significantly lower among the linoleic acid/calcium-treated than among the placebo-treated women [Group A: 4 (9.2%) vs. Group B: 4 (16.7%) vs. Group C: 12 (50%); p - 0.001] and reduced the relative risk to 0.22 (ci 95% 0.08-0.64, chi2 = 9.62, p = 0.03]. We conclude that low daily doses of linoleic acid/calcium taken during the third trimester of pregnancy significantly reduce the incidence of preeclamptic toxemia in women at high risk for this disorder

EXPÉRIENCES D'APPRENTISSAGE SOUTENUES PAR LES TIC: NOUVEAUX MATÉRIELS D'ENSEIGNEMENT EN CONCEPTION ASSISTÉE PAR ORDINATEUR

This project has been carried out in the subject of Technical and Computer Aided Design (EGDAO) of the first course of the Degree in Industrial Organization, Defense profile, taught by the Centro Universitario de la Defensa. In this subject, students must learn to handle 3D modeling software. In this context, new audiovisual material has been developed to facilitate and guide the learning of CAD tools in a more appropriate way. The objectives have been: to facilitate the understanding of CAD by encouraging students' involvement in their own learning; to increase interest in the subject through new ICT-based activities; and to design, create and validate new audiovisual teaching material adapted to the needs of the students. Five short videos with audio explaining the use of the main SolidWorks tools were developed. In the videos the resolution of an exercise proposed to the students was solved step by step. The results obtained in the CAD evaluation exam and the responses in the satisfaction surveys were analyzed. It can be concluded that 30% of the students found the viewing of the videos interesting when they encountered difficulties in carrying out the exercise. Only 13% of the students decided to watch the videos before starting the exercise. Regarding the final exam results, out of the 60% who passed the final exam, 43% had watched some or all of the videos compared to 17% who had not watched any of them.Este proyecto se ha realizado en la asignatura de Expresión Gráfica y Diseño Asistido por Ordenador (EGDAO) del primer curso del Grado en Organización Industrial, perfil Defensa, impartido por el Centro Universitario de la Defensa. En esta asignatura, los estudiantes deben aprender a manejar un software de modelado 3D. En este contexto, se ha desarrollado nuevo material audiovisual que facilita y orienta el aprendizaje de las herramientas DAO de forma más adecuada. Los objetivos han sido: facilitar la comprensión del DAO incentivando la implicación de los estudiantes en su propio aprendizaje; aumentar el interés por la asignatura mediante nuevas actividades basadas en las TICs; y diseñar, crear y validar nuevo material docente audiovisual adaptado a las necesidades del estudiantado. Se desarrollaron 5 vídeos breves con audio explicando el manejo de las principales herramientas de SolidWorks. En los vídeos se resolvía paso a paso un ejercicio propuesto a los estudiantes. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos en la prueba de evaluación de DAO y las respuestas en las encuestas de satisfacción. Se puede concluir que el visionado resulta interesante para el 30% del alumnado en el momento en el cual encuentra dificultades para realizar el ejercicio. Únicamente el 13% del alumnado decidió ver los vídeos antes de comenzar la realización del ejercicio. Respecto a las calificaciones del examen final, del 60% de aprobados: el 43% había visto alguno o todos los vídeos frente al 17% que no había visto ninguno.Ce projet a été réalisé dans le cadre de la matière d'expression graphique et de conception assistée par ordinateur (EGDAO) de la première année des études d’ingénierie en organisation industrielle, profil défense, enseignée par le Centro Universitario de la Defensa. Dans cette matière, les élèves doivent apprendre à manipuler les logiciels de modélisation 3D. Dans ce contexte, un nouveau matériel audiovisuel a été développé pour faciliter et guider l'apprentissage des outils de CAO de manière plus appropriée. Les objectifs étaient les suivants: faciliter la compréhension de la CAO en encourageant les étudiants à s'impliquer dans leur propre apprentissage; accroître l'intérêt pour le sujet grâce à de nouvelles activités basées sur les TIC; et concevoir, créer et valider un nouveau matériel pédagogique audiovisuel adapté aux besoins des étudiants. Cinq courtes vidéos avec audio expliquant l'utilisation des principaux outils SolidWorks ont été développées. Dans les vidéos, la résolution d'un exercice proposé aux étudiants était résolue étape par étape. Enfin, les résultats obtenus dans l’examen d'évaluation CAO et les réponses dans les enquêtes de satisfaction ont été analysés. On peut conclure que 30% des étudiants ont trouvé le visionnage des vidéos intéressant lorsqu'ils ont rencontré des difficultés à réaliser l'exercice. Seulement le 13% des étudiants ont décidé de regarder les vidéos avant de commencer l'exercice. En ce qui concerne les calidfciations de l'examen final, sur les 60% qui ont réussi l'examen, 43% avaient regardé tout ou partie des vidéos contre 17% qui n'en avaient regardé aucune