Matrix Product States, Random Matrix Theory and the Principle of Maximum Entropy

Using random matrix techniques and the theory of Matrix Product States we show that reduced density matrices of quantum spin chains have generically maximum entropy.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Gobiernos municipales: por un desarrollo local basado en la gobernanza democrática

El presente reporte da cuenta del proceso de intervención universitaria en el municipio de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México, a través del PAP “Gobiernos Municipales: por un desarrollo local basado en la gobernanza democrática”, cuyo propósito general es: Contribuir a la promoción de la cultura de paz, la economía social y solidaria y la promoción de los DDHH en Tlajomulco, desde la Dirección General de Cultura de Paz y Gobernanza, a través de analizar, conocer, difundir documentar y evaluar situaciones relacionadas con la construcción de espacios de paz basados en la economía social y solidaria y la difusión de los DDHH, en la construcción de una ciudad en paz y segura, que, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, da continuidad a los proyectos emprendidos durante el periodo anterior, referidos al rescate y apropiación social de los espacios públicos desde la perspectiva de la paz positiva, impulso a las iniciativas de emprendimiento y formación en finanzas para los jóvenes del municipio. En el periodo de primavera 2022, se tuvieron los siguientes objetivos: • Elaborar el diseño de un espacio público, como respuesta a una demanda de los vecinos del fraccionamiento Sendero Real, a través de las mesas de paz, que implementa el gobierno municipal de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga. • Responder a la demanda de apoyo del sector juvenil de Tlajomulco y El Salto, expresada en los talleres de diagnóstico promovidos por el Instituto de la Juventud Tlajomulquense y del Instituto de la Juventud del Salto. • Diseñar y aplicar una evaluación de los programas públicos de mesas de paz y chamba para todos. La metodología aplicada implico la intervención de estudiantes de diferentes disciplinas a partir de grupos sociales específicos que presentan demandas de atención para la recuperación de sus espacios públicos y por tanto requieren de acompañamiento para el diseño de estos, el impulso al emprendimiento través de la realización de Podcast dirigidos a los jóvenes, la integración y aplicación de una propuesta de evaluación de los programas públicos “mesas de paz” y “”chamba para todos”.ITESO, A.C

Therapeutic implications of selecting the SCORE (European) versus the D'AGOSTINO (American) risk charts for cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients

Background: No comparisons have been made of scales estimating cardiovascular mortality and overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study objectives were to assess the agreement between the Framingham-D'Agostino cardiovascular risk (CVR) scale and the chart currently recommended in Europe (SCORE) with regard to identification of patients with high CVR, and to describe the discrepancies between them and the attendant implications for the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Methods: A total of 474 hypertensive patients aged 40-65 years monitored in primary care were enrolled into the study. CVR was assessed using the Framingham-D'Agostino scale, which estimates the overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk, and the SCORE chart, which estimates the cardiovascular mortality risk. Cardiovascular risk was considered to be high for values ≥ 20% and ≥ 5% according to the Framingham-D'Agostino and SCORE charts respectively. Kappa statistics was estimated for agreement in classification of patients with high CVR. The therapeutic recommendations in the 2007 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention were followed. Results

Lipid profile, cardiovascular disease and mortality in a Mediterranean high-risk population: the ESCARVAL-RISK study

The potential impact of targeting different components of an adverse lipid profile in populations with multiple cardiovascular risk factors is not completely clear. This study aims to assess the association between different components of the standard lipid profile with all cause mortality and hospitalization due to cardiovascular events in a high-risk population. Methods This prospective registry included high risk adults over 30 years old free of cardiovascular disease (2008±2012). Diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus was inclusion criterion. Lipid biomarkers were evaluated. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and hospital admission due to coronary heart disease or stroke. We estimated adjusted rate ratios (aRR), absolute risk differences and population attributable risk associated with adverse lipid profiles. Results 51,462 subjects were included with a mean age of 62.6 years (47.6% men). During an average follow-up of 3.2 years, 919 deaths, 1666 hospitalizations for coronary heart disease and 1510 hospitalizations for stroke were recorded. The parameters that showed an increased rate for total mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke hospitalization were, respectively, low HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.25, 1.29 and 1.23; high Total/HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.22, 1.38 and 1.25; and high Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.21, 1.30, 1.09. The parameters that showed highest population attributable risk (%) were, respectively, low HDL-Cholesterol: 7.70, 11.42, 8.40; high Total/HDL-Cholesterol: 6.55, 12.47, 8.73; and high Triglycerides/ HDL-Cholesterol: 8.94, 15.09, 6.92. Conclusions In a population with cardiovascular risk factors, HDL-cholesterol, Total/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratios were associated with a higher population attributable risk for cardiovascular disease compared to other common biomarkers

Physics solutions for machine learning privacy leaks

Machine learning systems are becoming more and more ubiquitous in increasingly complex areas, including cutting-edge scientific research. The opposite is also true: the interest in better understanding the inner workings of machine learning systems motivates their analysis under the lens of different scientific disciplines. Physics is particularly successful in this, due to its ability to describe complex dynamical systems. While explanations of phenomena in machine learning based physics are increasingly present, examples of direct application of notions akin to physics in order to improve machine learning systems are more scarce. Here we provide one such pplication in the problem of developing algorithms that preserve the privacy of the manipulated data, which is especially important in tasks such as the processing of medical records. We develop well-defined conditions to guarantee robustness to specific types of privacy leaks, and rigorously prove that such conditions are satisfied by tensor-network architectures. These are inspired by the efficient representation of quantum many-body systems, and have shown to compete and even surpass traditional machine learning architectures in certain cases. Given the growing expertise in training tensornetwork architectures, these results imply that one may not have to be forced to make a choice between accuracy in prediction and ensuring the privacy of the information processed

Defining the scope of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet): A bottom-up and One Health approach

Background: Building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) was proposed to strengthen the European One Health antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance approach. Objectives: To define the combinations of animal species/production types/age categories/bacterial species/specimens/antimicrobials to be monitored in EARS-Vet. Methods: The EARS-Vet scope was defined by consensus between 26 European experts. Decisions were guided by a survey of the combinations that are relevant and feasible to monitor in diseased animals in 13 European countries (bottom-up approach). Experts also considered the One Health approach and the need for EARS-Vet to complement existing European AMR monitoring systems coordinated by the ECDC and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Results: EARS-Vet plans to monitor AMR in six animal species [cattle, swine, chickens (broilers and laying hens), turkeys, cats and dogs], for 11 bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis). Relevant antimicrobials for their treatment were selected (e.g. tetracyclines) and complemented with antimicrobials of more specific public health interest (e.g. carbapenems). Molecular data detecting the presence of ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases and methicillin resistance shall be collected too. Conclusions: A preliminary EARS-Vet scope was defined, with the potential to fill important AMR monitoring gaps in the animal sector in Europe. It should be reviewed and expanded as the epidemiology of AMR changes, more countries participate and national monitoring capacities improve

Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

NERC Knowledge Exchange Fellowship (NE/V018760/1) to E.N.H.C.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha−1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Vigilância epidemiológica em doença de Chagas Epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease

A doença de Chagas ainda representa importante problema médico e social nos países afetados. Em alguns deles, a extensão da doença segue desconhecida e programas de controle não foram implementados, mas, em outros, a endemia foi efetivamente minimizada mercê de controle e mudanças sociais e econômicas. Nesses casos, uma vigilância epidemiológica participativa e permanente sobre as formas de transmissão constitui, hoje, o horizonte operacional. Isso requer pesquisa aplicada e profundas reformulações no sistema de saúde, objetivando uma vigilância duradoura, eficiente e auto-sustentável, capaz de controlar, em especial, os triatomíneos em baixa densidade e presentes no espaço peridomiciliar. Por outro lado, remanesce uma população significativa de já infectados, a requerer atenção médica e previdenciária, tudo isto geralmente localizado em regiões e/ou populações mais pobres. Face ao desmonte progressivo de instituições federais como a Fundação Nacional de Saúde, no Brasil, em nome do processo de descentralização, instituições locais e regionais, bem como a comunidade, precisam assumir essa vigilância de maneira compartida e eficaz, o que pressupõe maturidade social e política dos novos atores envolvidos.<br>Chagas disease still constitutes an important medical problem in affected countries. In some, the extent of the disease is still unknown and control programs have not been implemented. In others the disease has been reduced due to regular control programs and other economic and social factors. Epidemiological surveillance with community participation to guard against disease transmission is now the basic challenge. Applied research and in-depth reformulation of health systems are required to establish efficient and sustainable Chagas disease surveillance programs, considering low density of peridomiciliary vectors as the most relevant factor. In addition, a large population of already infected, poor individuals require specific medical attention and social security. As a consequence of health care decentralization, Federal institutions such as the Brazilian National Health Foundation (FNS) are being progressively decommissioned, and new participants must be engaged in the process. Communities themselves, together with regional and local institutions, must take charge of surveillance in order to guarantee its efficiency and sustainability

Precise in vivo genome editing via single homology arm donor mediated intron-targeting gene integration for genetic disease correction

In vivo genome editing represents a powerful strategy for both understanding basic biology and treating inherited diseases. However, it remains a challenge to develop universal and efficient in vivo genome-editing tools for tissues that comprise diverse cell types in either a dividing or non-dividing state. Here, we describe a versatile in vivo gene knock-in methodology that enables the targeting of a broad range of mutations and cell types through the insertion of a minigene at an intron of the target gene locus using an intracellularly linearized single homology arm donor. As&nbsp;a proof-of-concept, we focused on a mouse model of premature-aging caused by a dominant point mutation, which is difficult to repair using existing in vivo genome-editing tools. Systemic treatment using our new method ameliorated aging-associated phenotypes and extended animal lifespan, thus highlighting the potential of this methodology for a broad range of in vivo genome-editing applications