3,174 research outputs found
Integrating the RTO in the MPC: an adaptive gradient-based approach
Model Predictive Control (MPC) is the most used advanced control technique in process industries, since it ensures stability, constraints satisfaction and convergence to the setpoint. The optimal setpoint is calculated by the Real Time Optimizer (RTO), minimizing the economic objective taking into account the operational limits of the plant. Since RTO employs complex stationary nonlinear models to perform the optimization and a larger sampling time than the controller, the economic setpoints calculated by the RTO may be inconsistent for the MPC layer and the economic performance of the overall
controller may be worse than expected. The aim of this work is to propose an MPC controller that explicitly integrates the RTO into the MPC control layer. The proposed strategy is based on
the MPC for tracking; the optimization problem to be solved only requires one evaluation of the gradient of the economic cost function at each sampling time. Based on this gradient, a second
order approximation of the economic function is obtained and used in the MPC optimization problem resulting in a convex optimization problem. Recursive feasibility and convergence to the optimal equilibrium point is ensured
Association between chronic irritability and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.
Association between chronic irritability and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Busto-Garrido, M.; Gutierrez-Castillo, D; Navas- Gonzalez, JR; Gutierrez-Bedmar, M; Gutierrez-Casares, JR; Martin-Lunar, MT; Rodríguez-Rosado, A; Pena-Andreu, JM. European Psychiatry 415(2017) 5221.Chronic irritability is the most frequently reported symptom in child and adolescent depression. The association of both has been linked with high rates of chronicity, comorbility and impairment.
Objectives
To study the association between chronic irritability and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.
Methods
We have studied 857 participants recruited from the only Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic in a catchment area of 122968 people under 18 (2004-2010). A sample of 677 participants (57 controls and 620 patients) was included to carry out a cross-sectional study.
Chronic irritability was measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS irritability) -scored from 0 to 10-, and depressive symptoms by the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The participants were categorized into controls and patients, and according to their chronic irritability (≤4 [I],5 [II] and ≥6 [III]). The mean of CDI score was calculated for each of the groups, adjusted by sex and age, and analyzed by ANCOVA.
Results
The following means were obtained from the controls: 13,71 (group I), 9,82 (group II) and 17,45 (group III). Regarding to the patients: 13,92 (group I), 11,54 (group II) and 15,64 (group III). A quadratic association (p <0,0015) was found between VAS irritability score and CDI score.
Conclussions
There is not a lineal association between chronic irritability and depressive symptoms in children and adolescent. High rates of depressive symptoms were associated both with high and low rates of irritability. Several questions remain unexplained about the status of irritability in psychiatry as Stringaris group has been pointed out.
Disclosure statement
I have no potential conflict of interest to discloseUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Protocol of sterile personal protective equipment for surgical personnel against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: COVID-19 represents the major pandemic seen the last years generating morbidity and mortality around the world. It is well known the propagation of the virus occurs by air mostly, so it is needed a barrier when the medic personal is treating suspect or confirm patients. Personal protective equipment represents a barrier between the health personnel and the patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. The surgical team during a COVID-19 confirmed o suspicious case procedure requires using PPE to be protected and keep the sterility for the patient safety.Methods: A team of surgeons from a 100% COVID-19 hospital of the Mexican institute of social security developed an inner protocol of safe use PPE maintaining sterility for the surgery.Conclusions: The protocol described provides safety to surgical team and the patient minimizing risk of surgical infections
The Carnegie Supernova Project: The Low-Redshift Survey
Supernovae are essential to understanding the chemical evolution of the
Universe. Type Ia supernovae also provide the most powerful observational tool
currently available for studying the expansion history of the Universe and the
nature of dark energy. Our basic knowledge of supernovae comes from the study
of their photometric and spectroscopic properties. However, the presently
available data sets of optical and near-infrared light curves of supernovae are
rather small and/or heterogeneous, and employ photometric systems that are
poorly characterized. Similarly, there are relatively few supernovae whose
spectral evolution has been well sampled, both in wavelength and phase, with
precise spectrophotometric observations. The low-redshift portion of the
Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) seeks to remedy this situation by providing
photometry and spectrophotometry of a large sample of supernovae taken on
telescope/filter/detector systems that are well understood and well
characterized. During a five-year program which began in September 2004, we
expect to obtain high-precision u'g'r'i'BVYJHKs light curves and optical
spectrophotometry for about 250 supernovae of all types. In this paper we
provide a detailed description of the CSP survey observing and data reduction
methodology. In addition, we present preliminary photometry and spectra
obtained for a few representative supernovae during the first observing
campaign.Comment: 45 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted by PAS
The fast declining Type Ia supernova 2003gs, and evidence for a significant dispersion in near-infrared absolute magnitudes of fast decliners at maximum light
We obtained optical photometry of SN 2003gs on 49 nights, from 2 to 494 days
after T(B_max). We also obtained near-IR photometry on 21 nights. SN 2003gs was
the first fast declining Type Ia SN that has been well observed since SN
1999by. While it was subluminous in optical bands compared to more slowly
declining Type Ia SNe, it was not subluminous at maximum light in the near-IR
bands. There appears to be a bimodal distribution in the near-IR absolute
magnitudes of Type Ia SNe at maximum light. Those that peak in the near-IR
after T(B_max) are subluminous in the all bands. Those that peak in the near-IR
prior to T(B_max), such as SN 2003gs, have effectively the same near-IR
absolute magnitudes at maximum light regardless of the decline rate Delta
m_15(B).
Near-IR spectral evidence suggests that opacities in the outer layers of SN
2003gs are reduced much earlier than for normal Type Ia SNe. That may allow
gamma rays that power the luminosity to escape more rapidly and accelerate the
decline rate. This conclusion is consistent with the photometric behavior of SN
2003gs in the IR, which indicates a faster than normal decline from
approximately normal peak brightness.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the December, 2009, issue of
the Astronomical Journa
The Fading Optical Counterpart of GRB~970228, Six Months and One Year Later
We report on observations of the fading optical counterpart of the gamma-ray
burst GRB 970228, made with the Hubble Space Telescope STIS CCD approximately
six months after outburst and with the HST/NICMOS and Keck/NIRC approximately
one year after outburst. The unresolved counterpart is detected by STIS at
V=28.0 +/- 0.25, consistent with a continued power-law decline with exponent
-1.14 +/- 0.05. The counterpart is located within, but near the edge of, a
faint extended source with diameter ~0."8 and integrated magnitude V=25.8 +/-
0.25. A reanalysis of HST and NTT observations performed shortly after the
burst shows no evidence of proper motion of the point source or fading of the
extended emission. Only the extended source is visible in the NICMOS images
with a magnitude of H=23.3 +/- 0.1. The Keck observations find K = 22.8 +/-
0.3. Several distinct and independent means of deriving the foreground
extinction in the direction of GRB 970228 all agree with A_V = 0.75 +/- 0.2.
After adjusting for Galactic extinction, we find that the size of the observed
extended emission is consistent with that of galaxies of comparable magnitude
found in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) and other deep HST images. Only 2% of the
sky is covered by galaxies of similar or greater surface brightness; therefore
the extended source is almost certainly the host galaxy. Additionally, we find
that the extinction-corrected V - H and V - K colors of the host are as blue as
any galaxy of comparable or brighter magnitude in the HDF. Taken in concert
with recent observations of GRB 970508, GRB 971214, and GRB 980703 our work
suggests that all four GRBs with spectroscopic identification or deep
multicolor broad-band imaging of the host lie in rapidly star-forming galaxies.Comment: 24 pages, Latex, 4 PostScript figures, to appear in the May 10 issue
of The Astrophysical Journal (Note: displayed abstract is abridged
Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Extending the Near-Infrared Hubble Diagram for Type Ia Supernovae to
The Carnegie Supernova Project-II (CSP-II) was an NSF-funded, four-year
program to obtain optical and near-infrared observations of a "Cosmology"
sample of Type Ia supernovae located in the smooth Hubble flow (). Light curves were also obtained of a "Physics"
sample composed of 90 nearby Type Ia supernovae at selected for
near-infrared spectroscopic time-series observations. The primary emphasis of
the CSP-II is to use the combination of optical and near-infrared photometry to
achieve a distance precision of better than 5%. In this paper, details of the
supernova sample, the observational strategy, and the characteristics of the
photometric data are provided. In a companion paper, the near-infrared
spectroscopy component of the project is presented.Comment: 43 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
The Carnegie Supernova Project: First Near-Infrared Hubble Diagram to z~0.7
The Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) is designed to measure the luminosity
distance for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as a function of redshift, and to set
observational constraints on the dark energy contribution to the total energy
content of the Universe. The CSP differs from other projects to date in its
goal of providing an I-band {rest-frame} Hubble diagram. Here we present the
first results from near-infrared (NIR) observations obtained using the Magellan
Baade telescope for SNe Ia with 0.1 < z < 0.7. We combine these results with
those from the low-redshift CSP at z <0.1 (Folatelli et al. 2009). We present
light curves and an I-band Hubble diagram for this first sample of 35 SNe Ia
and we compare these data to 21 new SNe Ia at low redshift. These data support
the conclusion that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. When
combined with independent results from baryon acoustic oscillations (Eisenstein
et al. 2005), these data yield Omega_m = 0.27 +/- 0.0 (statistical), and
Omega_DE = 0.76 +/- 0.13 (statistical) +/- 0.09 (systematic), for the matter
and dark energy densities, respectively. If we parameterize the data in terms
of an equation of state, w, assume a flat geometry, and combine with baryon
acoustic oscillations, we find that w = -1.05 +/- 0.13 (statistical) +/- 0.09
(systematic). The largest source of systematic uncertainty on w arises from
uncertainties in the photometric calibration, signaling the importance of
securing more accurate photometric calibrations for future supernova cosmology
programs. Finally, we conclude that either the dust affecting the luminosities
of SNe Ia has a different extinction law (R_V = 1.8) than that in the Milky Way
(where R_V = 3.1), or that there is an additional intrinsic color term with
luminosity for SNe Ia independent of the decline rate.Comment: 44 pages, 23 figures, 9 tables; Accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
Neuroimaging Evidence of Major Morpho-Anatomical and Functional Abnormalities in the BTBR T+TF/J Mouse Model of Autism
BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice display prominent behavioural deficits analogous to the defining symptoms of autism, a feature that has prompted a widespread use of the model in preclinical autism research. Because neuro-behavioural traits are described with respect to reference populations, multiple investigators have examined and described the behaviour of BTBR mice against that exhibited by C57BL/6J (B6), a mouse line characterised by high sociability and low self-grooming. In an attempt to probe the translational relevance of this comparison for autism research, we used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to map in both strain multiple morpho-anatomical and functional neuroimaging readouts that have been extensively used in patient populations. Diffusion tensor tractography confirmed previous reports of callosal agenesis and lack of hippocampal commissure in BTBR mice, and revealed a concomitant rostro-caudal reorganisation of major cortical white matter bundles. Intact inter-hemispheric tracts were found in the anterior commissure, ventro-medial thalamus, and in a strain-specific white matter formation located above the third ventricle. BTBR also exhibited decreased fronto-cortical, occipital and thalamic gray matter volume and widespread reductions in cortical thickness with respect to control B6 mice. Foci of increased gray matter volume and thickness were observed in the medial prefrontal and insular cortex. Mapping of resting-state brain activity using cerebral blood volume weighted fMRI revealed reduced cortico-thalamic function together with foci of increased activity in the hypothalamus and dorsal hippocampus of BTBR mice. Collectively, our results show pronounced functional and structural abnormalities in the brain of BTBR mice with respect to control B6 mice. The large and widespread white and gray matter abnormalities observed do not appear to be representative of the neuroanatomical alterations typically observed in autistic patients. The presence of reduced fronto-cortical metabolism is of potential translational relevance, as this feature recapitulates previously-reported clinical observations
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