Insects associated to yellow pitaya crops (Selenicereus megalanthus) on Inzá Cauca, Colombia.

In the municipality of Inzá (Cauca, Colombia) the profitability of the main economic resource, coffee crops, decreased. As an alternative, yellow pitaya crops were established, but knowledge of the possible phytosanitary limitations for this crop in this region was absent. This study presents the entomofauna associated with yellow pitaya crops in three plantations of Inzá that contrast in agronomic and landscape features. Direct sampling of the insects found on each structure of the plant and sampling was done using entomological nets from directly under the plants to 50 cm away. Abiotic factors and indices of ecological diversity were considered. With direct sampling, 58 families were recognized; of these, Formicidae (n = 22), Coreidae (n = 11) and Lonchaeidae (n = 7) were most prevalent. Five orders and 56 families of insects were collected using entomological nets. The plants with the highest density of cladodes favored the Lonchaeidae (τ = 1.0; P = 0.00), Formicidae (τ = 1.00; P = 0.007) and Cicadellidae (τ = 1.00; P = 0.00) families. Insects from the Lonchaeidae family benefitted from the positive correlation between rainfall (τ = 1.00; P = 0.00) and temperature (τ = 1.00; P = 0.00). Damage associated with Dasiops spp. (Diptera) was not found. The presence of D. saltans was not confirmed because all the specimens collected were males. The Margalef (DMg) = 7.42; Shannon-Wiener (H ‘) = 3.217 (Alpha) and Whittaker (βw) = 1.0; and Routledge (βr) = 0.25 (Beta) diversity indices represented a large variety of beneficial insect families. A system of regular entomological surveillance and technical support should be established for producers with aim of providing long-term economic viability for this crop in the municipality

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Línea de investigación en Helicobacter pylori para la formación de recurso humano en ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el programa de microbiología

Este libro nace de la unión de un maestro altamente calificado y alumnos dedicados con unas creatividades activas y dispuestas a trabajar por resolver los problemas que trae una bacteria a la humanidad. Las investigaciones aquí consignadas son producto de los trabajos de grado de los estudiantes del programa de Microbiología, quienes además fueron miembros del semillero de investigación, MICROORGANISMOS DE IMPORTANCIA EN SALUD HUMANA Y ANIMAL “OBVIO-MICROBIO”. Apoyados y dirigidos por la doctora Adalucy Alvarez-Aldana, quien gracias a su amplio conocimiento en el microorganismo supo sembrar curiosidad sobre el mismo durante las sesiones del semillero, incentivando a muchos de sus alumnos a dedicar su trabajo de grado a resolver alguna pregunta que les surgiera en torno a este microorganismo. Aunque diferentes son las investigaciones, todas fueron trazadas con un fin común, entregarle a la humanidad un poco más de conocimiento sobre Helicobacter pylori, por esto la unión de estas investigaciones en una sola consigna, son importantes para entender más sobre todo lo que rodea esta bacteria y pretenden resolver muchos misterios que aún aquejan la epidemiología detrás de la misma. Estos trabajos son fruto de muchos esfuerzos, materiales y académicos, de personas grandiosas, de la unión de universidades, doctores y docentes de diferentes disciplinas, razón que demuestra una vez más que la unión hace la fuerza, porque solo llegarás más rápido, pero en compañía llegarás más lejos. Además, contamos con la fortuna de tener un capitulo invitado, cuyo tema no es sobre Helicobacter pylori, pero si un sobre un tópico de gran interes en la actualidad como es la resistencia bacteriana. Capitulo titulado: “Caracterización epidemiológica y microbiológica de las bacteriemias y su perfil de resistencia durante el periodo junio 2011 a junio 2015”

Characterizing carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from Spain: high genetic heterogeneity and wide geographical spread

IntroductionCarbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli (CP-Eco) isolates, though less prevalent than other CP-Enterobacterales, have the capacity to rapidly disseminate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and cause serious difficult-to-treat infections. The aim of this study is phenotypically and genotypically characterizing CP-Eco isolates collected from Spain to better understand their resistance mechanisms and population structure.MethodsNinety representative isolates received from 2015 to 2020 from 25 provinces and 59 hospitals Spanish hospitals were included. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to EUCAST guidelines and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated genes, phylogeny and population structure, and carbapenemase genes-carrying plasmids were analyzed.Results and discussionThe 90 CP-Eco isolates were highly polyclonal, where the most prevalent was ST131, detected in 14 (15.6%) of the isolates. The carbapenemase genes detected were blaOXA-48 (45.6%), blaVIM-1 (23.3%), blaNDM-1 (7.8%), blaKPC-3 (6.7%), and blaNDM-5 (6.7%). Forty (44.4%) were resistant to 6 or more antibiotic groups and the most active antibiotics were colistin (98.9%), plazomicin (92.2%) and cefiderocol (92.2%). Four of the seven cefiderocol-resistant isolates belonged to ST167 and six harbored blaNDM. Five of the plazomicin-resistant isolates harbored rmt. IncL plasmids were the most frequent (45.7%) and eight of these harbored blaVIM-1. blaOXA-48 was found in IncF plasmids in eight isolates. Metallo-β-lactamases were more frequent in isolates with resistance to six or more antibiotic groups, with their genes often present on the same plasmid/integron. ST131 isolates were associated with sat and pap virulence genes. This study highlights the genetic versatility of CP-Eco and its potential to disseminate ARGs and cause community and nosocomial infections

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estudio del mecanismo de acción del ácido giberélico en la inhibición de la floración de los cítricos.

[ES] La Citricultura es una de las actividades agrícolas más representativas a nivel mundial y nacional .Actualmente, son los frutos de mayor producción en el mundo, situándose entorno a los 140 millones de Tm. En el caso de España, más del 50% de la producción se exporta para su consumo en fresco. Sin embargo, este cultivo presenta serios problemas agronómicos que reducen significativamente el rendimiento y, con ello, los beneficios. Uno de ellos es la alternancia de cosechas, que en algunas variedades es tan acusado que compromete seriamente la producción. Esto se debe, fundamentalmente, a la baja o nula floración que presenta el árbol en su "año of". Dicho de otro modo, a la incapacidad de florecer las yemas tras un año de elevada cosecha o "año on". La importancia de conocer el mecanismo mediante el cual el fruto inhibe la floración de las yemas el año siguiente está, por tanto, fuera de duda. Por otra parte, se conoce que las aplicaciónes de ácido gibérelico (AG) durante el periodo de inducción floral reducen la floración y, con ello, atenuan el exceso de flores del "año on". Pero esto no resuelve el problema de la falta de flores del "año off". Es, por tanto, que profundizar en el conocimiento de la floración de los cítricos resulta imprescindible. Para ello, en este estudio se realizaron aplicaciones de AG a diferentes especies de cítricos en época de inducción floral y se muestrearon periódicamente hojas y yemas para realizar el seguimiento de la evolución de los principales genes de la floración. La expresión del gen promotor de la floración CiFT2 se vio reducida por la aplicación de AG mientras que la expresión del gen represor CcMADS19 no se alteró en ninguna de las especies evaluadas. En consecuencia, la aplicación de AG redujo significativamente el numero de flores en todas las especies y alteró los tipos de brotes. Por otra parte, los genes relacionados con la diferenciación floral se mantuvieron constantes hasta la época de la diferenciación que aumentaron su expresión.Estos resultados ponen en relevancia que la reducción de la floración conseguida con la aplicación de AG no es a través de activar al gen represor CcMADS19, como sí hace el fruto.[EN] Citriculture is one of the most representative activity of the agriculture in the world and in Spain. Nowadays, citrus fruit production is the biggest in the world around 140 million tonnes. In Spain more than the 50% of the total production is exported for fresh consumption. However, this fruit crop has serious agronomical problems that significantly reduce the yield. One of them is the alternate bearing which in some varieties is so accused that prevents production. The reason of this is the low flowering of the tree in its "off year". That is the inability to flowering because of the high yield of the "on year". On the other hand, it is known that giberellic acid (GA) applications during floral bud induction period reduce significantly the flowering of the "on year". But this doesn't solve the problem. In this way study the flowering in Citrus is essential. In this study several GA applications during floral bud induction period were done in several Citrus species. Periodically buds and leaves were sampled in order to study flowering genes expression. The expression of the flowering promoter CiFT2 was reduced by GA applicantions but not the expression of the repressor CcMADS19. Consequently, the GA applications reduced significantly the flowering and altered the type of shoots in all species studied. Nevertheless, the expression of the flower bud differentiation genes was not altered by the treatment. These results highlight that the flowering reduced by the GA treatment is not through the CcMADS19 activation like is done by the fruit.González Trujillo, MDM. (2021). Estudio del mecanismo de acción del ácido giberélico en la inhibición de la floración de los cítricos. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/175034TFG

Insectos asociados a cultivos de pitaya amarilla (Selenicereus megalanthus) en Inzá, Cauca, Colombia

In the municipality of Inzá (Cauca, Colombia) the profitability of the main economic resource, coffee crops, decreased. As an alternative, yellow pitaya crops were established, but knowledge of the possible phytosanitary limitations for this crop in this region was absent. This study presents the entomofauna associated with yellow pitaya crops in three plantations of Inzá that contrast in agronomic and landscape features. Direct sampling of the insects found on each structure of the plant and sampling was done using entomological nets from directly under the plants to 50 cm away. Abiotic factors and indices of ecological diversity were considered. With direct sampling, 58 families were recognized; of these, Formicidae (n = 22), Coreidae (n = 11) and Lonchaeidae (n = 7) were most prevalent. Five orders and 56 families of insects were collected using entomological nets. The plants with the highest density of cladodes favored the Lonchaeidae (τ = 1.0; P = 0.00), Formicidae (τ = 1.00; P = 0.007) and Cicadellidae (τ = 1.00; P = 0.00) families. Insects from the Lonchaeidae family benefitted from the positive correlation between rainfall (τ = 1.00; P = 0.00) and temperature (τ = 1.00; P = 0.00). Damage associated with Dasiops spp. (Diptera) was not found. The presence of D. saltans was not confirmed because all the specimens collected were males. The Margalef (DMg) = 7.42; Shannon-Wiener (H ‘) = 3.217 (Alpha) and Whittaker (βw) = 1.0; and Routledge (βr) = 0.25 (Beta) diversity indices represented a large variety of beneficial insect families. A system of regular entomological surveillance and technical support should be established for producers with aim of providing long-term economic viability for this crop in the municipality.Como alternativa al descenso en la rentabilidad del cultivo de café, principal fuente económica en el municipio de Inzá (Cauca, Colombia), se establecieron cultivos de pitaya amarilla sin conocer las limitantes fitosanitarias para este cultivo en esta zona. Este trabajo presenta la entomofauna asociada a cultivos de pitaya amarilla en tres predios productivos de Inzá, contrastantes por sus características agronómicas y de paisaje. Se realizó muestreo directo de insectos sobre cada estructura de la planta, muestreo con pases dobles de red entomológica a 50 cm de distancia de la planta y se consideraron factores abióticos e índices de diversidad ecológica. Con muestreo directo se reconocieron 58 familias, prevaleciendo Formicidae (n = 22), Coreidae (n = 11) y Lonchaeidae (n = 7). Con red entomológica se recolectaron cinco órdenes y 56 familias de insectos. Las plantas con mayor densidad de cladodios favorecieron a las familias Lonchaeidae (τ = 1,0; P = 0,00), Formicidae (τ = 1,00; P = 0,007) y Cicadellidae (τ = 1,00; P = 0,00). La precipitación (τ = 1,00; P = 0,00) y la temperatura (τ = 1,00; P = 0,00) se correlacionaron positivamente beneficiando a Lonchaeidae. No se encontraron daños asociados a Dasiops spp. (Diptera). No se confirmó la presencia de D. saltans porque todos los especímenes correspondieron a machos. Los índices de diversidad de Margalef (DMg) = 7,42; Shannon-Wiener (H’) = 3,217 (Alfa) y Whittaker (βw) = 1,0; y Routledge (βr) = 0,25 (Beta) representados principalmente por gran variedad de familias de insectos benéficos. Debe establecerse un sistema de vigilancia entomológica regular y acompañamiento técnico a los productores con miras al sostenimiento económico a largo plazo para este cultivo en el municipio

Explorando el uso de metabolitos secundarios de Xenorhabdus bovienii para controlar el nematodo parásito de plantas Meloidogyne incognita: eficacia y efecto no-objetivo

Trabajo presentado en el IV Seminario Internacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (SISA 2023), celebrado en Varadero (Cuba), del 8 al 12 de mayo de 202

Enhancing the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of Lobessia botrana in vineyards

Trabajo presentado en el 53rd Congress of the Organization of Nematologists of Tropical America (ONTA), celebrado en El Cairo (Egipto), del 24 al 29 de septiembre de 202