Largura do separador e dispositivos de segurança associados nas auto-estradas

Esta Dissertação tem como objectivo proceder à compilação da informação disponibilizada em alguns Países Europeus relativamente à Largura do Separador e Dispositivos de Segurança Associados nas Auto-Estradas, efectuando um resumo e comparação das principais normas, guias e soluções mais relevantes. A Largura do Separador e os Dispositivos de Segurança constituem parte integrante das características dos traçados dos projectos de vias de comunicação, os quais, para além de respeitarem as normas em vigor, necessitam de oferecer níveis de serviço adequados nas suas principais componentes (segurança, velocidade de circulação, tempo de percurso, conforto, entre outros). A definição das características operacionais e geométricas da Rede Nacional de Auto-Estradas deve ter em conta a função que cada tipo de Auto-Estrada desempenha no sistema rodoviário, daí que existam diversas soluções em termos de Largura de Separador e Dispositivos de Segurança. No entanto, a dificuldade reside em conseguir seleccionar-se a solução mais adequada para garantir os níveis de segurança necessários, esperando-se que este pequeno contributo permita facilitar a tomada de decisão. No presente trabalho dá-se especial ênfase à análise das diversas soluções em função da Largura do Separador, com o intuito de também identificar as melhores soluções em situações concretas, pretendendo-se construir um elemento de trabalho adicional para a eventual futura normalização destas matérias

The sensitivity of DPD scintigraphy to detect transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in V30M mutation depends on the phenotypic expression of the disease

© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Background: There is a growing need for a non-invasive test to detect cardiac involvement in patients with transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis (ATTR) caused by V30M mutation. 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scintigraphy is a promising method, but its accuracy in this particular mutation remains unknown. Methods: A cohort of 179 patients: 92 with early-onset disease (EoD, symptoms <50-years-old), 33 with late-onset disease (LoD) and 54 asymptomatic carriers were prospectively evaluated and underwent DPD scintigraphy, which was compared with the results of echocardiogram, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 24 h-Holter, myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging and NT-proBNP. Results: Amyloid cardiomyopathy, defined as septal thickness 13 mm, was present in 32 patients (17.9%) and was more frequent in those with LoD (OR: 3.68, p ¼ .003). Cardiac DPD uptake was present in 22 individuals (12.3%) and correlated with parameters indicative of cardiac amyloidosis. DPD imaging was strongly influenced by the age of disease onset: among patients with myocardial thickening, cardiac DPD retention was present in 11/15 (73.3%) with LoD, in contrast to only 4/17 (26.7%) with EoD (p ¼ .005). Two patients with myocardial thickening and normal DPD scintigraphy underwent endomyocardial biopsy that confirmed ATTR amyloidosis. Conclusion: DPD scintigraphy presents suboptimal sensitivity to detect cardiac involvement in ATTRV30M, particularly in symptomatic patients with EoD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)