Una exposición virtual muestra una investigación sobre los comunales pastoriles de Castril, Santiago y Pontones.

Entre 2017 y 2019, el proyecto EXPLORA (Patrimonialización socio-ecológica en comunales de España y Marruecos), constituido por un equipo interdisciplinar liderado por investigadores de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona en colaboración estrecha con la Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC de Granada, llevó a cabo una investigación sobre la organización comunal de los pastos de montaña de Castril (Granada), Santiago de la Espada y Pontones (Jaén). Los resultados de este trabajo forman parte ahora de una exposición temporal en el Museo Virtual de Ecología Humana. Inaugurada en marzo de este año, estará disponible en la red de manera permanente, e incluye tanto fotografías como material audiovisual. Su título es Territorios de vida en el filo. Comunales pastoriles de las montañas del Mediterráneo en el siglo XXI

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) as a Powerful Novel Alternative for Differentiation of Epizootic ISA Virus Variants

Infectious Salmon Anemia is a devastating disease critically affecting world-wide salmon production. Chile has been particularly stricken by this disease which in all cases has been directly related with its causative agent, a novel orthomyxovirus which presents specific and distinctive infective features. Among these, two molecular markers have been directly associated with pathogenicity in two of the eight RNA sub genomic coding units of the virus: an insertion hot spot region present in viral segment 5 and a Highly Polymorphic Region (HPR) located in viral segment 6. Here we report the successful adaptation of a PCR-dependent denaturing gel electrophoresis technique (DGGE), which enables differentiation of selected reported HPR epizootic variants detected in Chile. At the same time, the technique allows us to distinguish one nucleotide differences in sequences associated with the intriguing, and still not well-understood, insertion events which tend to occur on RNA Segment 5. Thus, the versatility of the technique opens new opportunities for improved understanding of the complex biology of all ISA variants as well as possible applications to other highly variable pathogens

Contuciones en canales bovinas. Incidencia y riesgo potencial

A study done in the main slaughterhouse of Santiago (Chile) showed that from 4517 bovine carcasses, 9.3 % had con tusions. The con tusions were classified accordíng to their intensíty, in grade 1,2 and 3 (53.6 %, 46.0% and 0.7 % respectively). The 59.1 % of the contusions occurred in first grade meats, and the 40.9 % in second grade meats. The occurrence of the contusions showed a significant association (P < 0.05) wíth the distance of transportation of the living animals. The Standard Plate Count (viable aerobic mesophiles) showed significant dífferences between samples taken during slaughter and one hour after. Heifers, oxen, cows, steers and bulls, were decreasingly affected. The necessity to establish rules and reguladoras ora living animal transport is emphasízed.Un estudio realizado en el principal Matadero-Frigor&iacute;fico de Santiago (Chile) demostr&oacute; que de 4.517 canales bovinas un 9,3%, de ellas presentaba contusiones. Seg&uacute;n su intensidad un 53%, 46,0% y 0,7% fueron de grados 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente. Un 59,1% de las contusiones se registraron en carnes calificadas de primera y un 40,9 % en carnes de segunda. La presencia de contusiones muestra una asociaci&oacute;n significativa (p &lt; 0,05) con la distancia de transporte del ganado vivo. En el recuento de g&eacute;rmenes aerobios mes&oacute;filos viables se observa diferencias significativas entre muestras tomadas en el momento del beneficio y luego de una hora de haber ocurrido &eacute;ste. Al considerar la categor&iacute;a del bovino, son afectados en orden decreciente, las vaquillas, bueyes, vacas, novillos y toros. Se hace presente la necesidad de reglamentar el transporte del ganado vivo

CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms. The effect of single and combined genotypes on lung cancer susceptibility in Chilean people

Artículo de publicación ISICYP1A1, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms were evaluated in Chilean healthy controls and lung cancer patients. In the Chilean healthy group, frequencies of CYP1A1 variant alleles for MspI (m2 or CYP1A1*2A) and ile/val (val or CYP1A1*2B) polymorphisms were 0.25 and 0.33, respectively. Frequencies of variant alleles C (CYP2E1*6) and c2 (CYP2E1*5B) for CYP2E1 were 0.21 and 0.16, respectively and frequency for GSTM1(2) was 0.24. The presence of variant alleles for GSTM1, MspI and Ile/val polymorphisms was more frequent in cases than in controls. However, frequencies for the c2 and C alleles were not significantly different in controls and in cases. The estimated relative risk for lung cancer associated to a single mutated allele in CYP1A1, CYP2E1 or GSTM1 was 2.41 for m2, 1.69 for val, 1.16 for C, 0.71 for c2 and 2.46 for GSTM1(2). The estimated relative risk was higher for individuals carrying combined CYP1A1 and GSTM1 mutated alleles (m2/val, OR ¼ 6.28; m2/GSTM1(2), OR ¼ 3.56) and lower in individuals carrying CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 mutated alleles (m2/ C, OR ¼ 1.39; m2/c2, OR ¼ 2.00; val/C, OR ¼ 1.45; val/c2, OR ¼ 0.48; not significant). The OR values considering smoking were 4.37 for m2, 4.05 for val, 3.47 for GSTM1(2), 7.38 for m2/val and 3.68 for m2/GSTM1(2), higher values than those observed without any stratification by smoking. Taken together, these findings suggest that Chilean people carrying single or combined GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms could be more susceptible to lung cancer induced by environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.This research was financed by grants: European Community INCO, Contract No. IC18-CT98-0341, ALFA-OMET Contract No. ALR/B7-3011/94.04- 5.0059.2, and Fondecyt No. 2950034