Wild Kernels and divisibility in K-groups of global fields

In this paper we study the divisibility and the wild kernels in algebraic K-theory of global fields $F.$ We extend the notion of the wild kernel to all K-groups of global fields and prove that Quillen-Lichtenbaum conjecture for $F$ is equivalent to the equality of wild kernels with corresponding groups of divisible elements in K-groups of $F.$ We show that there exist generalized Moore exact sequences for even K-groups of global fields. Without appealing to the Quillen-Lichtenbaum conjecture we show that the group of divisible elements is isomorphic to the corresponding group of \' etale divisible elements and we apply this result for the proof of the $lim^1$ analogue of Quillen-Lichtenbaum conjecture. We also apply this isomorphism to investigate: the imbedding obstructions in homology of $GL,$ the splitting obstructions for the Quillen localization sequence, the order of the group of divisible elements via special values of $\zeta_{F}(s).$ Using the motivic cohomology results due to Bloch, Friedlander, Levine, Lichtenbaum, Morel, Rost, Suslin, Voevodsky and Weibel, which established the Quillen-Lichtenbaum conjecture, we conclude that wild kernels are equal to corresponding groups of divisible elementsComment: 36 page

Contribution to bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Poland. IV

Hyleus lepidulus Cockerell and Eucera pollinosa Smith (= E. polonica Ruszkowski, syn. nov.) are recorded for the first time from Poland. New records of further 5 rare species are given.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Testing Theories of Cooperative Arrangements in Agricultural Markets: Results from Producer Groups in Poland

The main question posed in the paper asks why do some cooperative arrangements in agricultural markets survive and succeed and others fail? We define success and factors affecting success of cooperation using transaction costs theory and game theory. Transaction costs theory provides insights on comparative advantage of one form of organization versus others and proposes, while game theory focuses on interdependencies between partners entering the arrangements. Data were collected from 62 Polish farmer cooperative organizations called producer groups. The main aim of those organizations was to organize joint sales of output produced individually by their members. Some of the groups were functioning effectively while others that had disbanded or were no longer performing their essential functions. Variables such as the leaders strength, previous business acquaintances, initial selection of members, and number of members have a significant positive impact on the likelihood of success of the researched organizations.Cooperation, agricultural markets, producer groups, Poland, Agribusiness, Marketing,

Przestrzenne i czasowe zróżnicowanie Apoidea w lasach Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego

Results of the investigations of spatial and temporal differentiations of Apoidea in the forests of Wielkopolski National Park were presented. It was shown that the both forest floor differ with the degree of species differentiation and domination’s structure and total number of bees. In the herbaceous layer of the forests about twice as many spedes were found than in the crowns. Also the Shannon-Weaver’s indices for bees communities of the herbs layer are higher in all three investigated forest ecosystems. The curves of Apoidea numbers in tree crowns and forest floor were similar. The curves of Apoidea numbers in the deciduous forests have one peak in the first days of May. Whereas the curves of Apoidea numbers in the pine forest have multi peak course. It was proved that trees play an important role in feeding chain of bees inhabiting deciduous forests.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę