Best Strategies for Obesity Prevention in Hispanic Youth Using Family Centered Approaches

Obesity is an epidemic in the United States (U.S.), affecting all ages, sexes, and racial or ethnic groups. Obesity has disproportionately impacted Hispanics and Hispanic youth have the highest rates when compared to their non-Hispanic ethnicities. To prevent the growing rates of obesity and the negative impacts it can have on an individual, family, and community, healthcare providers and community leaders need to identify the best strategies for obesity prevention among Hispanic youth. The family units of high importance in Hispanic cultures. This is where values are shared and accepted, and behaviors are developed and supported. Focusing on the family unit when looking to implement behavioral changes will offer the greatest chance of success and sustainability An extensive literature search was conducted to identify the best practices, at the family level, to prevent obesity among Hispanic youth. Currently a limited amount of research has been completed, indicating more research is needed. In the literature available, three common themes were identified for interventions: education, physical activity, and education with physical activity. The results indicated educational interventions have been the most successful in reducing obesity among Hispanic youth while focusing on the family unit. This was evidenced by a reduction in body mass index (BMI) and behavior modifications. Education needs to start early in a child\u27s growth and development and be easily adaptable into their everyday lives. In following these recommendations for best practice, our communities will be healthier places for all to grow and thriv

JARINGAN SOSIAL PADA PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAS CITARUM DI SEKTOR 1 SITU CISANTI - DESA TARUMAJAYA KECAMATAN KERTASARI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Penelitian ini menggambarkan Jaringan Sosial dalam Program Citarum Harum khususnya pada Pengelolaan Lingkungan DAS Citarum di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti, tepatnya di Desa Tarumajaya, Kecamatan Kertasari, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah stakeholder  pengelolaan lingkungan DAS Citarum di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti.  Informan penelitian ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive, yaitu tokoh masyarakat, Komandan Sektor 1 Kodam III Siliwangi (TNI), Ketua Komisi Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air Citarum, Relawan Tim Citarum Harum, Kepala Bidang Ekonomi Bappeda Kabupaten Bandung sebagai orang-orang yang memiliki pengetahuan dan informasi terkait penelitian yang dilaksanakan. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui proses wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi dan literature review.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa stakeholder telah mampu memanfaatkan jaringan sosial yang dimiliki melalui berbagai kegiatan sehari-hari bersama dalam komunitas Masyarakat Desa Tarumajaya dimana lingkup Pengelolaan Lingkungan DAS Citarum berada. Melalui partisipasi kebersamaan dalam kegiatan tersebut semua saling mengenal dan mendukung satu sama lain pada satu tujuan yang sama. Jaringan sosial mampu memfasilitasi penyebaran informasi di antara aparatur, relawan dan masyarakat sedemikian rupa kerjasama mengusung program dapat mudah dibangun dan dilakukan. Paradigma jaringan sosial memiliki kunci relasi sosial sebagai unsur terpenting. Melalui relasi sosial antaraktor memiliki konten dan aliran dari konten tersebut jelas mengarah dari siapa kepada siapa. Selain itu, konten yang dimaksud berjalan stabil sehingga keberhasilan program dapat diwujudkan. Aktor individu dan aktor kelompok pada pengelolaan lingkungan DAS Citarum di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti, meliputi aktor : tokoh masyarakat, TNI, LSM, relawan dan pemerintah.  Sumber berharga aktor meliputi uang, waktu, tenaga dan pengetahuan, mekanisme pemberian sumber berharga para aktor digolongkan melalui sosialisasi, kerja bakti dan rapat koordinasi.  Faktor pendorong yang dimiliki oleh para aktor didasarkan kesadaran pribadi dan instruksi aktor lainnya. Hubungan pertukaran antar aktor dari sumber berharga (uang, waktu, tenaga dan pengetahuan) juga para aktor mendapat timbal balik berupa perubahan perilaku, kepuasan pribadi dan apresiasi. Selain itu keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh para aktor adalah kondisi lingkungan di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti lebih bersih dan tertata dibandingkan sebelum dilakukannya Pengelolaan Lingkungan DAS Citarum dengan keterlibatan berbagai aktor didalamnya.  Struktur jaringan terlihat adanya kesamaan tujuan, keterikatan antar satu aktor dengan aktor lainnya.  Keterikatan ini berupa hubungan kerjasama yang saling menguntung

Spousal Dictator Game: Household Decisions and Other-Regarding Preferences

Using a laboratory experiment, we collected data on dictator giving among student strangers and married couples in a suburban area in the United States. Confirming common belief and prior empirical evidence, we find that giving among spouses is greater than giving among anonymous students. We further investigated factors associated with spousal giving which may provide insight for the development of future theories, or into explaining other-regarding preferences. Our data shows that giving is positively associated with who manages household money and controls household income. This result is robust after controlling for each spouse’s personal income and using various econometric specifications. The results suggest that spousal giving may be due to household economic roles in addition to other-regarding preferences

PEMECAHAN PERMASALAHAN SEKTOR AIR LIMBAH DI PERKOTAAN MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM SANIMAS

Dense settlements in urban areas are often not well organized, worsening existing sanitationconditions, in addition to technical, economic and social factors resulting in gaps in theprovision of urban facilities and infrastructure related to wastewater management systems. Theproblem of domestic and industrial waste is a crucial issue related to sustainable environmentalmanagement. Where pollution related to domestic waste has the potential to contaminategroundwater with eColy bacteria due to the rapid development of settlements which is sometimesdifficult to control, while polluting industrial waste has a worse impact on the surrounding environment, it needs to be treated specifically. One concrete example of wastewater problems inurban areas is the builder of a family septic tank that no longer meets the technical requirementsas required in the context of environmental health management, at least 10 meters from the wellcan no longer be met due to limited land in urban areas. This condition is exacerbated by thedisposal of used washing water into the drainage network which should be designated for thedisposal and infiltration of rainwater. Because the capacity of the drainage network is no longerin accordance with the existing dimensions, the impacts that ultimately arise are overflow ofwater from the drainage network, puddles on roads and outbreaks of various diseases, such asdiarrhea, dengue fever, etc. The SANIMAS (Community-Based Sanitation) program is a programto improve quality in the sanitation sector, especially in providing wastewater treatmentinfrastructure, which is intended for communities in slum areas and dense urban areas. Differentfrom the regular sanitation program carried out by the government, in the construction ofSANIMAS, the concept of community empowerment is used to make the community the mainactor in the process of planning, building, operating and maintaining communal sanitationfacilities. With the active role of the community, it is hoped that the community will feelownership so that they do not hesitate to maintain it themselves for the realization of the benefitsof sustainable sanitation facilities

JARINGAN SOSIAL PADA PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN DAS CITARUM DI SEKTOR 1 SITU CISANTI - DESA TARUMAJAYA KECAMATAN KERTASARI KABUPATEN BANDUNG

Penelitian ini menggambarkan Jaringan Sosial dalam Program Citarum Harum khususnya pada Pengelolaan Lingkungan DAS Citarum di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti, tepatnya di Desa Tarumajaya, Kecamatan Kertasari, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah stakeholder  pengelolaan lingkungan DAS Citarum di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti.  Informan penelitian ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive, yaitu tokoh masyarakat, Komandan Sektor 1 Kodam III Siliwangi (TNI), Ketua Komisi Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air Citarum, Relawan Tim Citarum Harum, Kepala Bidang Ekonomi Bappeda Kabupaten Bandung sebagai orang-orang yang memiliki pengetahuan dan informasi terkait penelitian yang dilaksanakan. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui proses wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi dan literature review.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa stakeholder telah mampu memanfaatkan jaringan sosial yang dimiliki melalui berbagai kegiatan sehari-hari bersama dalam komunitas Masyarakat Desa Tarumajaya dimana lingkup Pengelolaan Lingkungan DAS Citarum berada. Melalui partisipasi kebersamaan dalam kegiatan tersebut semua saling mengenal dan mendukung satu sama lain pada satu tujuan yang sama. Jaringan sosial mampu memfasilitasi penyebaran informasi di antara aparatur, relawan dan masyarakat sedemikian rupa kerjasama mengusung program dapat mudah dibangun dan dilakukan. Paradigma jaringan sosial memiliki kunci relasi sosial sebagai unsur terpenting. Melalui relasi sosial antaraktor memiliki konten dan aliran dari konten tersebut jelas mengarah dari siapa kepada siapa. Selain itu, konten yang dimaksud berjalan stabil sehingga keberhasilan program dapat diwujudkan. Aktor individu dan aktor kelompok pada pengelolaan lingkungan DAS Citarum di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti, meliputi aktor : tokoh masyarakat, TNI, LSM, relawan dan pemerintah.  Sumber berharga aktor meliputi uang, waktu, tenaga dan pengetahuan, mekanisme pemberian sumber berharga para aktor digolongkan melalui sosialisasi, kerja bakti dan rapat koordinasi.  Faktor pendorong yang dimiliki oleh para aktor didasarkan kesadaran pribadi dan instruksi aktor lainnya. Hubungan pertukaran antar aktor dari sumber berharga (uang, waktu, tenaga dan pengetahuan) juga para aktor mendapat timbal balik berupa perubahan perilaku, kepuasan pribadi dan apresiasi. Selain itu keuntungan yang diperoleh oleh para aktor adalah kondisi lingkungan di Sektor 1 Situ Cisanti lebih bersih dan tertata dibandingkan sebelum dilakukannya Pengelolaan Lingkungan DAS Citarum dengan keterlibatan berbagai aktor didalamnya.  Struktur jaringan terlihat adanya kesamaan tujuan, keterikatan antar satu aktor dengan aktor lainnya.  Keterikatan ini berupa hubungan kerjasama yang saling menguntung

Structure of human serum cholinesterase

Human cholinesterase has recently been sequenced and cloned. It is a glycoprotein of 4 identical subunits, each subunit containing 9 carbohydrate chains and 3.5 disulfide bonds. Protein folding is likely to be very similar in human cholinesterase and Torpedo acetylcholinesterase. The cholinesterases have no significant sequence homology with the serine proteases and seem to belong to a separate serine esterase family.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50189/1/950090406_ftp.pd

Systematic analysis of the entire second extracellular loop of the V 1a vasopressin receptor :Key residues, conserved throughout a G-protein-coupled receptor family, identified

The roles of extracellular residues of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are not well defined compared with residues in transmembrane helices. Nevertheless, it has been established that extracellular domains of both peptide-GPCRs and amine-GPCRs incorporate functionally important residues. Extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) has attracted particular interest, because the x-ray structure of bovine rhodopsin revealed that ECL2 projects into the binding crevice within the transmembrane bundle. Our study provides the first comprehensive investigation into the role of the individual residues comprising the entire ECL2 domain of a small peptide-GPCR. Using the V1a vasopressin receptor, systematic substitution of all of the ECL2 residues by Ala generated 30 mutant receptors that were characterized pharmacologically. The majority of these mutant receptor constructs (24 in total) had essentially wild-type ligand binding and intracellular signaling characteristics, indicating that these residues are not critical for normal receptor function. However, four aromatic residues Phe189, Trp206, Phe209, and Tyr218 are important for agonist binding and receptor activation and are highly conserved throughout the neurohypophysial hormone subfamily of peptide-GPCRs. Located in the middle of ECL2, juxtaposed to the highly conserved disulfide bond, Trp206 and Phe209 project into the binding crevice. Indeed, Phe209 is part of the Cys-X-X-X-Ar (where Ar is an aromatic residue) motif, which is well conserved in both peptide-GPCRs and amine-GPCRs. In contrast, Phe189 and Tyr218, located at the extreme ends of ECL2, may be important for determining the position of the ECL2 cap over the binding crevice. This study provides mechanistic insight into the roles of highly conserved ECL2 residues

Charged extracellular residues, conserved throughout a G-protein-coupled receptor family, are required for ligand binding, receptor activation, and cell-surface expression

For G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in general, the roles of extracellular residues are not well defined compared with residues in transmembrane helices (TMs). Nevertheless, extracellular residues are important for various functions in both peptide-GPCRs and amine-GPCRs. In this study, the V1a vasopressin receptor was used to systematically investigate the role of extracellular charged residues that are highly conserved throughout a subfamily of peptide-GPCRs, using a combination of mutagenesis and molecular modeling. Of the 13 conserved charged residues identified in the extracellular loops (ECLs), Arg116 (ECL1), Arg125 (top of TMIII), and Asp204 (ECL2) are important for agonist binding and/or receptor activation. Molecular modeling revealed that Arg125 (and Lys 125) stabilizes TMIII by interacting with lipid head groups. Charge reversal (Asp125) caused re-ordering of the lipids, altered helical packing, and increased solvent penetration of the TM bundle. Interestingly, a negative charge is excluded at this locus in peptide-GPCRs, whereas a positive charge is excluded in amine-GPCRs. This contrasting conserved charge may reflect differences in GPCR binding modes between peptides and amines, with amines needing to access a binding site crevice within the receptor TM bundle, whereas the binding site of peptide-GPCRs includes more extracellular domains. A conserved negative charge at residue 204 (ECL2), juxtaposed to the highly conserved disulfide bond, was essential for agonist binding and signaling. Asp204 (and Glu204) establishes TMIII contacts required for maintaining the α-hairpin fold of ECL2, which if broken (Ala204 or Arg204) resulted in ECL2 unfolding and receptor dysfunction. This study provides mechanistic insight into the roles of conserved extracellular residues