Analisa Fisik Tepung Jamur Merang Pada Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Potensi jamur merang sangat tinggi di wilayah Kalimantan Timur, mengingat banyaknya pabrik kelapa sawit yang mengolah tandan buah sawit menjadi CPO. Sehingga limbah dari tandan kosongnya melimpah dan banyak ditumbuhi jamur merang. Jamur merang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sekitar perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan banyak juga dijual di daerah-daerah yang jauh dari perkebunan. Masyarakat selama ini hanya memanfaatkan jamur merang tersebut sebagai sayur untuk tambahan lauk pauk dan belum ada penanganan jangka panjang untuk masa penyimpanan, sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan agar diketahui karakteristik sifat fisik dari jamur merang yaitu rendemen, daya serap airnya, solubilitynya dan swelling powernya sebagai dasar aplikasi pada produk makanan dan juga diperoleh tepung jamur merang tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi dan jangka waktu simpan yang lama, sehingga bisamenambahpendapatanbagipetanikelapasawit. Rancangan percobaan yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 Faktor (Faktor A dengan 3 taraf perlakuan dan Faktor B dengan 2 taraf perlakuan), masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Jamur merang tandan kosong kelapa sawit segar dibersihkan dari kotoran serta kulit arinya, ditimbang 100 g dipotong-potong kemudian dikeringkan dalam cabinet drier dengan suhu 30°C, 40°C dan 50°C, selama 18 dan 24 jam. Lalu digiling halus dengan grinder selanjutnya dimasukan dalam desikator lalu ditimbang, Adapun parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen,serap airnya, solubilitynya dan swelling powernya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh suhu 500C dan 600C memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap rendemen yang dihasilkan pada taraf 5 %, begitupun untuk daya, tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada nilai solubility dan swelling powernya. Sedangkan perlakuan waktu pengeringan yaitu 18 jam dan 24 jam memberikan pengaruh nyata pada rendemen, sementara untuk nilai swelling power, solubility dan daya serap tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tepung jamur pada taraf 5 %. Sehingga perlakuan suhu 600C dan waktu pengeringan 18 jam merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik

Expression of 5'nucleotidase activity and wheat germ agglutinin binding sites in mononuclear phagocytes from bone marrow cultures

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Metal ion levels post primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundMetal ion release from metal implants through the processes of mechanical wear and corrosion has been one of the main concerns post total joint arthroplasty. However, there have been very few studies to show metal ion exposure post total knee implants.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether blood metal ion levels are raised in patients with well-functioning unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty in the short and the long term after surgery.Methods Whole blood Chromium and serum Cobalt levels were measured in 22 patients following primary total knee arthroplasty at a minimum of 12 months after surgery and then repeated at a mean of four years. Eleven patients had the cemented triathlon knee system and 11 patients had an uncemented ACS knee system with multilayer coatings.Results Cobalt levels in our study are low one year after TKR and stayed within normal limits with no significant rise at four years (p=0.300). Chromium levels raised significantly by four years (p=0.007), but remained within normal range with no evidence of toxic systemic effects. Our data showed no statistically significant difference for cobalt and chromium levels between ACS and Triathlon groups (p=0.62; p=0.54 respectively).ConclusionAt an average of 50-months post well-functioning total knee arthroplasty, whole blood Chromium levels and serum Cobalt levels are within the normal range. The use of cement is unlikely to influence metal ion release and titanium nitride coating did not influence metal ion release from TKR implants

Comparison of proton channel, phagocyte oxidase, and respiratory burst levels between human eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes.

Robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by phagocyte NADPH oxidase (phox) during the respiratory burst (RB) is a characteristic feature of eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes. In these cells the voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) is now considered as an ancillary subunit of the phox needed for intense ROS production. Multiple sources reported that the expression of phox subunits and RB is more intensive in eosinophils than in neutrophils. In most of these studies the eosinophils were not isolated from healthy individuals, and a comparative analysis of Hv1 expression had never been carried out. We performed a systematic comparison of the levels of essential phox subunits, Hv1 expression and ROS producing capacity between eosinophils and neutrophils of healthy individuals. The expression of phox components was similar, whereas the amount of Hv1 was approximately 10-fold greater in eosinophils. Furthermore, Hv1 expression correlated with Nox2 expression only in eosinophils. Additionally, in confocal microscopy experiments co-accumulation of Hv1 and Nox2 at the cell periphery was observed in resting eosinophils but not in neutrophils. While phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced peak extracellular ROS release was approximately 1.7-fold greater in eosinophils, oxygen consumption studies indicated that the maximal intensity of the RB is only approximately 1.4-fold greater in eosinophils. Our data reinforce that eosinophils, unlike neutrophils, generate ROS predominantly extracellularly. In contrast to previous works we have found that the two granulocyte types display very similar phox subunit expression and RB capacity. The large difference in Hv1 expression suggests that its support to intense ROS production is more important at the cell surface

Risk Factors for Revision of Polished Taper-Slip Cemented Stems for Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture After Primary Total Hip Replacement: A Registry-Based Cohort Study from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) with a cemented polished taper-slip (PTS) femoral stem has excellent long-term results but is associated with a higher postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) risk compared with composite beam stems. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with PFF revision following THR with PTS stems. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, 299,019 primary THRs using PTS stems from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man (NJR) were included, with a median follow-up of 5.2 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.1 to 8.2 years). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of PFF revision was estimated for each variable using multivariable Cox survival regression analysis. Results: Of 299,019 THR cases, 1,055 underwent revision for PFF at a median time of 3.1 years (IQR, 1.0 to 6.1 years). The mean age (and standard deviation) was 72 ± 9.7 years, 64.3% (192,365 patients) were female, and 82.6% (247,126 patients) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of 1 or 2. Variables associated with increased PFF were increasing age (HR, 1.02 per year), intraoperative fracture (HR, 2.57 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42 to 4.66]), ovaloid (HR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.22 to 3.16]) and round cross-sectional shapes (HR, 9.58 [95% CI, 2.29 to 40.12]), increasing stem offset (HR, 1.07 per millimeter), increasing head size (HR, 1.04 per millimeter), THR performed from 2012 to 2016 (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.18 to 1.78]), cobalt-chromium stem material (HR, 6.7 [95% CI, 3.0 to 15.4]), and cobalt-chromium stems with low-viscosity cement (HR, 22.88 [95% CI, 9.90 to 52.85]). Variables associated with a decreased risk of PFF revision were female sex (HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.59]), increasing stem length (HR, 0.97 per millimeter), and a ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.85]). Conclusions: Increased risk of PFF revision was associated with PTS stems that are short, have high offset, are used with large femoral heads, are made of cobalt-chromium, or have ovaloid or round cross-sectional shapes. Large increases in PFF risk were associated with cobalt-chromium stems used with low-viscosity cement. Further study is required to confirm causation. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence

Reactive oxygen species in phagocytic leukocytes

Phagocytic leukocytes consume oxygen and generate reactive oxygen species in response to appropriate stimuli. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a multiprotein complex, existing in the dissociated state in resting cells becomes assembled into the functional oxidase complex upon stimulation and then generates superoxide anions. Biochemical aspects of the NADPH oxidase are briefly discussed in this review; however, the major focus relates to the contributions of various modes of microscopy to our understanding of the NADPH oxidase and the cell biology of phagocytic leukocytes

Ultrastructural immunogold labeling of lipid-laden enterocytes from patients with genetic malabsorption syndromes

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