Obliteration study of lambdatic and obelionic region sutures in ruminant, carnivores and hominids

The morphology of Orce cranial fragment VM-0 is contrasted with the fronto-parietal region in artiodactyls, and the obelionic region in carnivores and primates including hominids. Sutural development at obelion is compared in those taxa throughout the growth period up to the onset of sutural obliteration, and ontogenetic differences between non-primates and primates lead us to conclude that the configuration in VM-0 more resembles that found in hominids than in artiodactyls or carnivores. Moreover, cranial capacity for VM-0 is estimated at >470cm3, comparable to Plio Pleistocene hominids, but greater than in young equids.La morfología del fragmento cranial de Orce (VM-0) se contrasta con la región fronto-parietal de los artiodáctilos y con la región obélica de los carnívoros y primates incluyendo los homínidos. Se compara en estos taxones, el desarrollo de las suturas en esta región a lo largo del periodo de crecimiento hasta que ocurre la obliteración de las mismas. Las diferencias ontogenéticas entre no primates y primates nos permiten concluir que la anatomía de VM-0 es más próxima a los hominidos que a la de los artiodáctilos y carnívoros. Se estima que la capacidad craneana de VM-0 tiene que ser > 470 cm3, comparable a la de los homínidos del Plio-Pleistoceno y mayor que la de los équidos juveniles

Turbulence attenuation by large neutrally buoyant particles

Turbulence modulation by inertial-range-size, neutrally-buoyant particles is investigated experimentally in a von K\'arm\'an flow. Increasing the particle volume fraction $\Phi_\mathrm{v}$, maintaining constant impellers Reynolds number attenuates the fluid turbulence. The inertial-range energy transfer rate decreases as $\propto\Phi_\mathrm{v}^{2/3}$, suggesting that only particles located on a surface affect the flow. Small-scale turbulent properties, such as structure functions or acceleration distribution, are unchanged. Finally, measurements hint at the existence of a transition between two different regimes occurring when the average distance between large particles is of the order of the thickness of their boundary layers.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Simultaneous 3D measurement of the translation and rotation of finite size particles and the flow field in a fully developed turbulent water flow

We report a novel experimental technique that measures simultaneously in three dimensions the trajectories, the translation, and the rotation of finite size inertial particles together with the turbulent flow. The flow field is analyzed by tracking the temporal evolution of small fluorescent tracer particles. The inertial particles consist of a super-absorbent polymer that renders them index and density matched with water and thus invisible. The particles are marked by inserting at various locations tracer particles into the polymer. Translation and rotation, as well as the flow field around the particle are recovered dynamically from the analysis of the marker and tracer particle trajectories. We apply this technique to study the dynamics of inertial particles much larger in size (Rp/{\eta} \approx 100) than the Kolmogorov length scale {\eta} in a von K\'arm\'an swirling water flow (R{\lambda} \approx 400). We show, using the mixed (particle/fluid) Eulerian second order velocity structure function, that the interaction zone between the particle and the flow develops in a spherical shell of width 2Rp around the particle of radius Rp. This we interpret as an indication of a wake induced by the particle. This measurement technique has many additional advantages that will make it useful to address other problems such as particle collisions, dynamics of non-spherical solid objects, or even of wet granular matter.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, submitted to "Measurement Science and Technology" special issue on "Advances in 3D velocimetry

Optical spectroscopy and the nature of the insulating state of rare-earth nickelates

Using a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and DC transport measurements, we determine the temperature dependence of the optical conductivity of NdNiO$_3$ and SmNiO$_{3}$ films. The optical spectra show the appearance of a characteristic two-peak structure in the near-infrared when the material passes from the metal to the insulator phase. Dynamical mean-field theory calculations confirm this two-peak structure, and allow to identify these spectral changes and the associated changes in the electronic structure. We demonstrate that the insulating phase in these compounds and the associated characteristic two-peak structure are due to the combined effect of bond-disproportionation and Mott physics associated with half of the disproportionated sites. We also provide insights into the structure of excited states above the gap.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure

Lagrangian temperature, velocity and local heat flux measurement in Rayleigh-Benard convection

We have developed a small, neutrally buoyant, wireless temperature sensor. Using a camera for optical tracking, we obtain simultaneous measurements of position and temperature of the sensor as it is carried along by the flow in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection, at $Ra \sim 10^{10}$. We report on statistics of temperature, velocity, and heat transport in turbulent thermal convection. The motion of the sensor particle exhibits dynamics close to that of Lagrangian tracers in hydrodynamic turbulence. We also quantify heat transport in plumes, revealing self-similarity and extreme variations from plume to plume.Comment: 4 page

Muons tomography applied to geosciences and volcanology

Imaging the inner part of large geological targets is an important issue in geosciences with various applications. Dif- ferent approaches already exist (e.g. gravimetry, electrical tomography) that give access to a wide range of informations but with identified limitations or drawbacks (e.g. intrinsic ambiguity of the inverse problem, time consuming deployment of sensors over large distances). Here we present an alternative and complementary tomography method based on the measurement of the cosmic muons flux attenuation through the geological structures. We detail the basics of this muon tomography with a special emphasis on the photo-active detectors.Comment: Invited talk at the 6th conference on New Developments In Photodetection (NDIP'11), Lyon-France, July 4-8, 2011; Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 201

Queilitis granulomatosa de Miescher

La queilitis granulomatosa es un raro proceso de etiología desconocida que se considera una forma oligosintomática del síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal. En este artículo presentamos un caso y hacemos una revisión de los procesos granulomatosos en la región oral, los procesos que cursan con hinchazón labial y del tratamiento de la queilitis granulomatosa

Impressions de Toreros : suite de récits

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 201

Integrating clinicians, knowledge and data: expert-based cooperative analysis in healthcare decision support

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Decision support in health systems is a highly difficult task, due to the inherent complexity of the process and structures involved.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>This paper introduces a new hybrid methodology <it>Expert-based Cooperative Analysis </it>(EbCA), which incorporates explicit prior expert knowledge in data analysis methods, and elicits implicit or tacit expert knowledge (IK) to improve decision support in healthcare systems. EbCA has been applied to two different case studies, showing its usability and versatility: 1) Bench-marking of small mental health areas based on technical efficiency estimated by <it>EbCA-Data Envelopment Analysis (EbCA-DEA)</it>, and 2) Case-mix of schizophrenia based on functional dependency using <it>Clustering Based on Rules (ClBR)</it>. In both cases comparisons towards classical procedures using qualitative explicit prior knowledge were made. Bayesian predictive validity measures were used for comparison with expert panels results. Overall agreement was tested by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient in case "1" and kappa in both cases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>EbCA is a new methodology composed by 6 steps:. 1) Data collection and data preparation; 2) acquisition of "Prior Expert Knowledge" (PEK) and design of the "Prior Knowledge Base" (PKB); 3) PKB-guided analysis; 4) support-interpretation tools to evaluate results and detect inconsistencies (here <it>Implicit Knowledg </it>-IK- might be elicited); 5) incorporation of elicited IK in PKB and repeat till a satisfactory solution; 6) post-processing results for decision support. EbCA has been useful for incorporating PEK in two different analysis methods (DEA and Clustering), applied respectively to assess technical efficiency of small mental health areas and for case-mix of schizophrenia based on functional dependency. Differences in results obtained with classical approaches were mainly related to the IK which could be elicited by using EbCA and had major implications for the decision making in both cases.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This paper presents EbCA and shows the convenience of completing classical data analysis with PEK as a mean to extract relevant knowledge in complex health domains. One of the major benefits of EbCA is iterative elicitation of IK.. Both explicit and tacit or implicit expert knowledge are critical to guide the scientific analysis of very complex decisional problems as those found in health system research.</p