Integration across time determines path deviation discrimination for moving objects.

YesBackground: Human vision is vital in determining our interaction with the outside world. In this study we characterize our ability to judge changes in the direction of motion of objects-a common task which can allow us either to intercept moving objects, or else avoid them if they pose a threat. Methodology/Principal Findings: Observers were presented with objects which moved across a computer monitor on a linear path until the midline, at which point they changed their direction of motion, and observers were required to judge the direction of change. In keeping with the variety of objects we encounter in the real world, we varied characteristics of the moving stimuli such as velocity, extent of motion path and the object size. Furthermore, we compared performance for moving objects with the ability of observers to detect a deviation in a line which formed the static trace of the motion path, since it has been suggested that a form of static memory trace may form the basis for these types of judgment. The static line judgments were well described by a 'scale invariant' model in which any two stimuli which possess the same two-dimensional geometry (length/width) result in the same level of performance. Performance for the moving objects was entirely different. Irrespective of the path length, object size or velocity of motion, path deviation thresholds depended simply upon the duration of the motion path in seconds. Conclusions/Significance: Human vision has long been known to integrate information across space in order to solve spatial tasks such as judgment of orientation or position. Here we demonstrate an intriguing mechanism which integrates direction information across time in order to optimize the judgment of path deviation for moving objects.Wellcome Trust, Leverhulme Trust, NI

Esporre per costruire: un’analisi storico-tipologica di alcuni grandi eventi come momento di ridefinizione identitaria

This paper aims to analyse from a multi-perspective point of view the history and development of some “mega” and “hallmark” events, such as International Expositions and European Capitals of Culture. By placing them into the theoretical debate and observing some concrete examples, in this work we will suggest that the recent evolution of events in the context of city-marketing and territories competition has led to a progressive content depletion and to an increasing interconnection with urban regeneration. Typological differences are bluring: their specious character is predominant and has to be related to further parametres among which ritual dimension has not lost its peculiarity. Events have become a very strategy of municipalities and administrations, whose effects do not affect just a specific élite, but the whole community

Additional file 12: Table S11. of Whole exome sequencing coupled with unbiased functional analysis reveals new Hirschsprung disease genes

Primers for expression analysis in zebrafish. (XLSX 9 kb

Additional file 11: Table S10. of Whole exome sequencing coupled with unbiased functional analysis reveals new Hirschsprung disease genes

gRNA and primers for zebrafish knockout and T7E1 assay. (XLSX 9 kb