Global Patterns and Controls of Nutrient Immobilization On Decomposing Cellulose In Riverine Ecosystems

Microbes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low-nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization are poorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low-nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, and were strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature-dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature

Les cellules endothéliales circulantes ( aspects méthodologiques et implications en pathologie vasculaire )

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Medico-economic study of pain in an emergency department: a targeted literature review

International audienceBackground: Pain management in emergency departments is a complex objective. The absence of a care pathway or a high level of activity complicates diagnostic or analgesic therapeutic strategies. Medical innovation can impact both individual practices and the functioning of an emergency department.Objective: We then wanted to understand how medico-economic studies on pain were carried out in an emergency department.Study design: We reviewed the literature of the last 20 years (between 1998 and 2018).Setting: Of 846 titles screened, a total of 268 abstracts qualified for further screening, and 578 titles were excluded. A total of 14 studies qualified for inclusion in the review. Studies on medico-economics in an emergency department are very diverse. None of the methods used are identical; the studies differ in their very nature (prospective, retrospective, cost-effectiveness, etc.) and the determination of emergency room costs differs according to the part of the world studied. In addition, organizational impact is rarely measured, although it is an essential dimension for choosing or not a medical innovation

CompatibleOne: Designing an Energy Efficient Open Source Cloud Broker

International audienceIn this paper, we present the new French Cloud management software called Compatible One. Compatible One is an open source cloud services broker i.e. a cloud service management software with brokering capabilities. Compatible One can provision, deploy and manage any type of cloud services, these services being provided by heterogeneous service providers selected according to Service Level Agreement (SLA). Compatible One can also federate heterogeneous resources and more precisely integrate seamlessly various cloud services. Given this approach it allows us to exploit original solutions and moreover include at design level some new paradigms like energy efficiency. This paper focuses on the current activities done in the Compatible One project for energy monitoring and energy efficient management of Clouds systems

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: construction of a pre-test diagnostic score derived from the analysis of a prospective multinational database, with internal validation.

Diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requires pre-test probability assessment and dedicated laboratory assays. To develop a pre-test score for HIT. Observational; analysis of prospectively collected data of hospitalized patients suspected with HIT (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00748839). Thirty-one tertiary hospitals in France, Switzerland, and Belgium. Patients tested for HIT antibodies (2,280 evaluable), randomly allocated to derivation and validation cohorts. Independent adjudicators diagnosed HIT based on the prospectively collected data and Serotonin Release Assay results. HIT was diagnosed in 234 (14.7%) and 99 (14.5%) patients in the two cohorts. Eight features were associated with HIT (in brackets, points assigned for score calculation of the score): unfractionated heparin (1); therapeutic-dose heparin (1); cardiopulmonary bypass (cardiac surgery) (2); major trauma (3); 5- to 21-day interval from anticoagulation initiation to suspicion of HIT (4); ≥ 40% decrease in platelet count over ≤ six days (3); thrombotic event, arterial (3) or venous (3). The C-statistic was 0.79 [95% CI, 0.76-0.82]. In the validation cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.77 [95% CI, 0.74-0.80]. Three groups of scores were defined; HIT prevalence reached almost 30% in the high-probability group. The performance of the score may depend on settings and practices. The objective, easy-to-collect, clinical features of HIT we evidenced were incorporated into a pre-test score, which may guide clinical decisions regarding diagnostic testing and anticoagulation

Comparative Analysis of a French Prospective Series of 144 Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (FRIGTIH) and the Literature

International audienceBACKGROUND: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin treatments, and only a few large patient cohorts have been reported. In this study, biological and clinical data from 144 French patients with HIT were analyzed in comparison with the literature. METHODS: The diagnosis of HIT was confirmed in all patients by an immunoassay combined with serotonin release assay. In the literature, only cohorts of at least 20 HIT patients published from 1992 were selected for a comparative analysis. RESULTS: Two-thirds of patients were hospitalized in surgery and most were treated with unfractionated heparin (83.2% vs. 16.8% with low molecular weight heparin only). Thrombotic events in 54 patients (39.7%) were mainly venous (41/54). However, arterial thrombosis was more frequent after cardiac surgery (13.2% vs. 2.4% in other surgeries, p\,=\,0.042) with a shorter recovery time (median\,=\,3 vs. 5 days, p\,<\,0.001). The mortality rate was lower in our series than in the 22 selected published studies (median\,=\,6.3% vs. 15.9%). Three genetic polymorphisms were also studied and homozygous subjects FcγRIIA RR were more frequent in patients with thrombosis (37.8 vs. 18.2% in those without thrombosis, p\,=\,0.03). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the mortality rate due to HIT has recently decreased in France, possibly due to earlier diagnosis and improved medical care. It also confirms the strong association between polymorphism FcγRIIA H131R and thrombosis in HIT

Global Patterns and Controls of Nutrient Immobilization on Decomposing Cellulose in Riverine Ecosystems

International audienceMicrobes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low‐nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization arepoorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low‐nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, andwere strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature‐dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter

Global patterns and controls of nutrient immobilization on decomposing cellulose in riverine ecosystems

Abstract Microbes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low-nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization are poorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low-nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, and were strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature-dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter