593 research outputs found
Evolution of iot: An industry PErsPEctivE
(c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.[EN] Mobile ad hoc networks have evolved since the early 1990s: over two decades. However, the unique concept of wireless deviceto-device networking has now ballooned into a major technology and industry revolution with applications impacting many facets of
our lives. In fact, it has paved the way for the Internet of Things and smart cities. In this article, the evolution of IoT through mobile
ad hoc networks is discussed, and its penetration into defense, society, and industries through ZigBee, Z-Wave, and other technologies is revealed. Finally, a discussion is presented of IoT architecture, connectivity, cloud, and analytics, and its implications on the
realization of future smart citiesCano, J.; Berrios, V.; Garcia, B.; Toh, C. (2018). Evolution of iot: An industry PErsPEctivE. IEEE Internet of Things Magazine. 1(2):2-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/IOTM.2019.1900002S271
Room-temperature spin hall effect in graphene/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructures
Graphene is an excellent material for long-distance spin transport but allows little spin manipulation. Transition-metal dichalcogenides imprint their strong spin-orbit coupling into graphene via the proximity effect, and it has been predicted that efficient spin-to-charge conversion due to spin Hall and Rashba-Edelstein effects could be achieved. Here, by combining Hall probes with ferromagnetic electrodes, we unambiguously demonstrate experimentally the spin Hall effect in graphene induced by MoS proximity and for varying temperatures up to room temperature. The fact that spin transport and the spin Hall effect occur in different parts of the same material gives rise to a hitherto unreported efficiency for the spin-to-charge voltage output. Additionally, for a single graphene/MoS heterostructure-based device, we evidence a superimposed spin-to-charge current conversion that can be indistinguishably associated with either the proximity-induced Rashba-Edelstein effect in graphene or the spin Hall effect in MoS. By a comparison of our results to theoretical calculations, the latter scenario is found to be the most plausible one. Our findings pave the way toward the combination of spin information transport and spin-to-charge conversion in two-dimensional materials, opening exciting opportunities in a variety of future spintronic applications
Inflammatory breast cancer: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR in patients receiving bevacizumab. Initial experience
To retrospectively compare three dynamic contrast material-enhanced
magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (dynamic MR imaging) analytic methods to
determine the parameter or combination of parameters most strongly associated
with changes in tumor microvasculature during treatment with bevacizumab alone
and bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with inflammatory or locally
advanced breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in
accordance with the institutional review board of the National Cancer Institute
and was compliant with the Privacy Act of 1974. Informed consent was obtained
from all patients. Patients with inflammatory or locally advanced breast cancer
were treated with one cycle of bevacizumab alone (cycle 1) followed by six cycles
of combination bevacizumab and chemotherapy (cycles 2-7). Serial dynamic MR
images were obtained, and the kinetic parameters measured by using three dynamic
analytic MR methods (heuristic, Brix, and general kinetic models) and two
region-of-interest strategies were compared by using two-sided statistical tests.
A P value of .01 was required for significance. RESULTS: In 19 patients, with use
of a whole-tumor region of interest, the authors observed a significant decrease
in the median values of three parameters measured from baseline to cycle 1:
forward transfer rate constant (Ktrans) (-34% relative change, P=.003), backflow
compartmental rate constant extravascular and extracellular to plasma (Kep) (-15%
relative change, P<.001), and integrated area under the gadolinium concentration
curve (IAUGC) at 180 seconds (-23% relative change, P=.009). A trend toward
differences in the heuristic slope of the washout curve between responders and
nonresponders to therapy was observed after cycle 1 (bevacizumab alone, P=.02).
The median relative change in slope of the wash-in curve from baseline to cycle 4
was significantly different between responders and nonresponders (P=.009).
CONCLUSION: The dynamic contrast-enhanced MR parameters Ktrans, Kep, and IAUGC at
180 seconds appear to have the strongest association with early physiologic
response to bevacizumab. Clinical trial registration no. NCT0001654
Quantum coherent control of highly multipartite continuous-variable entangled states by tailoring parametric interactions
The generation of continuous-variable multipartite entangled states is
important for several protocols of quantum information processing and
communication, such as one-way quantum computation or controlled dense coding.
In this article we theoretically show that multimode optical parametric
oscillators can produce a great variety of such states by an appropriate
control of the parametric interaction, what we accomplish by tailoring either
the spatio-temporal shape of the pump, or the geometry of the nonlinear medium.
Specific examples involving currently available optical parametric oscillators
are given, hence showing that our ideas are within reach of present technology.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Relic neutrino masses and the highest energy cosmic rays
We consider the possibility that a large fraction of the ultrahigh energy
cosmic rays are decay products of Z bosons which were produced in the
scattering of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos on cosmological relic
neutrinos. We compare the observed ultrahigh energy cosmic ray spectrum with
the one predicted in the above Z-burst scenario and determine the required mass
of the heaviest relic neutrino as well as the necessary ultrahigh energy cosmic
neutrino flux via a maximum likelihood analysis. We show that the value of the
neutrino mass obtained in this way is fairly robust against variations in
presently unknown quantities, like the amount of neutrino clustering, the
universal radio background, and the extragalactic magnetic field, within their
anticipated uncertainties. Much stronger systematics arises from different
possible assumptions about the diffuse background of ordinary cosmic rays from
unresolved astrophysical sources. In the most plausible case that these
ordinary cosmic rays are protons of extragalactic origin, one is lead to a
required neutrino mass in the range 0.08 eV - 1.3 eV at the 68 % confidence
level. This range narrows down considerably if a particular universal radio
background is assumed, e.g. to 0.08 eV - 0.40 eV for a large one. The required
flux of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos near the resonant energy should be
detected in the near future by AMANDA, RICE, and the Pierre Auger Observatory,
otherwise the Z-burst scenario will be ruled out.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figures, REVTeX
Measurement of and charged current inclusive cross sections and their ratio with the T2K off-axis near detector
We report a measurement of cross section and the first measurements of the cross section
and their ratio
at (anti-)neutrino energies below 1.5
GeV. We determine the single momentum bin cross section measurements, averaged
over the T2K -flux, for the detector target material (mainly
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Copper) with phase space restricted laboratory
frame kinematics of 500 MeV/c. The
results are and $\sigma(\nu)=\left( 2.41\
\pm0.022{\rm{(stat.)}}\pm0.231{\rm (syst.)}\ \right)\times10^{-39}^{2}R\left(\frac{\sigma(\bar{\nu})}{\sigma(\nu)}\right)=
0.373\pm0.012{\rm (stat.)}\pm0.015{\rm (syst.)}$.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
Strawberry fruit resistance to simulated handling
Harvest operations are currently the main source of mechanical injury of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Experiments were designed to simulate conditions encountered during commercial handling. Individual fruits were subjected to impact or compression forces with similar energy to determine the sensitivity to mechanical injury. Bruise volume was used as the measurement of injury. Bruise severity increased as a function of impact energy for both impact types. However, dropped fruits had larger bruise volume than fruits submitted to pendulum impactor at the same energy level. Doubling the impact energy (0.040 to 0.083 J) increased bruise volume by 7 times (13 to 91 mm³). Fruits dropped from 380 mm (0.075 J) showed 71% greater bruise volume than those dropped from either 130 mm (0.025 J) or 200 mm (0.040 J). Compressed fruits showed higher bruise volume than other tests. Some cultivars are more susceptible to compression forces than others. 'Sweet Charlie' berries showed bruise volume 40% higher than the others cultivars when subjected to compression. Fruits subjected to impact showed bruise volume lower than the compressed fruits, indicating the possibility to be handled and graded in a packing line.A etapa de colheita é a principal fonte de danos físicos ao morango (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Experimentos foram realizados para simular condições encontradas durante manuseio. Frutos foram submetidos individualmente às forças de impacto e compressão em energias similares para determinar sensibilidade dos frutos a danos físicos. Volume da injúria física foi utilizado para mensurar a incidência do dano físico ocorrido. Severidade da lesão aumenta, com incremento da energia, tanto para força de impacto como para compressão. Todavia, frutos submetidos à queda livre demonstraram maiores volumes de danos físicos do que frutos submetidos a danos ocasionados por pendulo no mesmo nível de energia. Dobrando a energia de impacto (0,040 para 0,083 J) ocorreu aumento no volume da injúria em sete vezes (13 para 91 mm³). Frutos submetidos à queda de 380 mm (0,075 J) demonstraram volumes de danos físicos 71% superiores do que aqueles ocasionados em queda de 130 mm (0,025 J) ou 200 mm (0,040 J). Frutos em teste de compressão mostraram maiores volumes de injúrias físicas do que outros testes. Alguns cultivares são mais sensíveis à força de compressão do que outros. Frutos cultivar 'Sweet Charlie' apresentaram volume de injúria 40% superiores do que outros quando submetidos à força de compressão. Morangos submetidos à força de impacto demonstraram volume de injúria inferior do que aqueles comprimidos, indicando a possibilidade dos morangos serem classificados e manuseados em uma linha de beneficiamento
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