Análisis de las Estrategias Metodológicas que aplica el Docente de Música en el proceso de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de Guitarra Básica a los estudiantes de séptimo y octavo grado de secundaria en la Academia Cristiana “Ciudad Darío,” durante el I semestre del año 2015.

Nuestra investigación tiene como eje fundamental y materia de gran valor social, la Educación Musical e instrumento básico que ocupa el primer lugar en el uso diferentes disciplinas de la Educación como es la guitarra. Destacamos este instrumento por su gran importancia como eje facilitador al desarrollo social e intelectual de las personas el cual a través de sus profundas melodías sensibiliza al ser humana y nos llena de valores morales étnicos y cívicos. Encontramos en el municipio de Ciudad Darío la demanda de este instrumento en diferentes centros educativos y academias de música. Por este motivo nos dimos a la tarea de estudiar llevar a cabo esta investigación en el centro educativo Academia Cristiana que tiene como objetivo la enseñanza integral a través de la fe cristiana por medio de la música. Nuestro municipio no cuenta con maestros graduados en Educación Musical lo cual nos dio la tarea de seguir paso a paso las técnicas y estrategias que utilizan el docente en la enseñanza e aprendizaje en el uso y manejo de la guitarra básica que se imparte en este centro, Este centro cuenta con maestros graduados en otras carreras pero no en Educación Musical lo cual nos lleva y motiva a seguir nuestra investigación y ver de modo constante si estas clases son impartidas usando la metodología correcta y si cuentan con los medios necesarios para brindar de manera eficaz y pertinente la enseñanza -aprendizaje adecuada a los educandos del séptimo y octavo grado de secundaria. Valoramos que no existen las estrategias metodológicas adecuadas de parte del docente durante su clase en la ejecución de la guitarra básica de modo que el maestro es de conocimiento empírico y adapta sus propios conocimientos para impartir su clas

Canarias Libre: los orígenes del nacionalismo canario en el interior de las islas (1960-1965)

This paper deals with the Movimiento Canarias Libre, the first nationalist organization in the Canary Islands, which had a important role in both the resurgence of Canarian nationalism and the opposition to Franco within the archipelago. Through the use of unpublished documents we have been able to analyze in depth the ideology and praxis of that organization, which up to now had been studied only through oral sources. At the same time, we try to measure its social and political impact, as well as its influence in the agenda of the successive Francoist governments.El presente artículo se ocupa de analizar la trayectoria del Movimiento Canarias Libre, primera organización nacionalista surgida en el interior del Archipiélago Canario, que tuvo un papel destacado en el resurgimiento tanto del nacionalismo canario como de la oposición al franquismo en las Islas. Para ello, se emplea documentación inédita que ha permitido profundizar en el ideario y praxis política de esta incipiente organización, que se había abordado hasta este momento a través del uso exclusivo de las fuentes orales. Al mismo tiempo, se calibra el impacto social y político que tuvo, así como su acceso a la agenda del gobierno del régimen franquista

Use of a new enrichment nanosorbent for speciation of mercury by FI-CV-ICP-MS

Mercury is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants and its effects on human and ecosystem health are well known. All mercury species are toxic, with organic mercury compounds generally being more toxic than inorganic species. Chromatography techniques (GC, HPLC) coupled to element specific detectors, are able to separate mercury species in order to elucidate mercury transformation and transport processes where the determination of all mercury species is desirable. However, in practice, especially in sampling campaigns for sea water analysis where a large number of samples are collected over a longer period of time, a combination of methods is usually applied to accurately determine the most toxic mercury species. These include non-chromatographic methods based on the different chemical and/or physical behavior of the mercury species. These non-chromatographic methods can be less time consuming, more cost effective and available, and present competitive limits of detection. Especially when mercury could vapor (CV) generation technique is employed, which reduces salt effect on the analytical signal and improve the sensibility. Among non-chromatographic methods, solid phase extraction and microextraction (SPE and SPME) which is becoming increasingly popular for sample preparation in organic analysis, found its way to speciation analysis of organometals. SPE/SPME is the most popular sample preconcentration method for its simplicity, high enrichment factor, low or no consumption of organic solvents and feasibly to be automated. On the other hand, the exploration of new materials, especially nanometer sized materials, as the support phase is another active research area in SPE/SPME for mercury determination. The use of nanoparticles leads to higher extraction capacity/efficiency and rapid dynamics of extraction originated from the higher surface area to volume ratio and short diffusion route. In this work, a new enrichment nanosorbent functionalized with 1,5 bis (2-pyridyl) methylene thiocarbohidrazide was synthesized and characterized. From the study of its adsorption capacity toward metal ions, Hg2+ was observed to be one of the most retained 173.1 µmol g-1 at pH 5. Thus, a flow injection solid phase extraction and cold vapor generation method for its determination and speciation based on the use of this new chelating nanosorbent was optimized. The method developed has showed to be useful for the automatic pre-concentration and sequential speciation of mercury and methylmercury in environmental and biological samples. The system was based on chelating retention of the analytes onto a mini-column filled with the new nanosorbent and their sequential elution by using two different eluents, 0.2 % HCl for CH3Hg+ and 0.1 % thiourea in 0.5 % HCl for Hg2+. The determination was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Under the optimum conditions and 120 s preconcentration time, the enrichment factors were 4.7 and 11.0; the detection limits (3σ) were 0.002 and 0.004 µg L-1; the determination limits (10σ) were 0.011 and 0.024 µg L-1; and the precisions (calculated for 10 replicate determinations at a 2 µg L-1 standard of both species) were 2.8 and 2.6 % (RSD); for CH3Hg+ and Hg2+, respectively. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for both species from the determination limits to at least 70 µg L-1. For the quality control of the analytical performance and the validation of the newly developed method, the analysis of two certified samples, LGC 6016 estuarine water and SRM 2976 mussel tissue were addressed. The results showed good agreement with the certified values. The method was successfully applied to the speciation of mercury in sea-water samples collected in the Málaga Bay.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Mineralogical characterization of Sn deposits from the Santa Fe District, Bolivia

The Sn-Zn-Pb-Ag Japo-Santa Fe-Morococala ore deposit is located in the Central Andean Belt province. The ore mineralization is hosted in a Paleozoic metasedimentary sequence and porphyritic Oligocene-Miocene igneous rocks. Ore minerals occur in veins and disseminations. Two types of ore mineralization are distinghished: (1) An early Sn mineralization and (2) a late Sn and Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization. Mineral association consists mainly of quartz, pyrite, cassiterite, other sulfides and sulfosalts. Cassiterite, up to 0.25 wt% In, constitutes the earliest mineralization. Galena and sphalerite are the main sulphide minerals. Sphalerite shows up 0.24 wt% In. Stannite group is represented by stannoidite, kësterite, and sulfides of the Sn-Cu-Zn-Fe-S system. Sulfosalts include sakuraiite, potosiite, franckeite, freibergite, tetrahedrite, myargyrite, boulangerite, jamesonite, zinckenite, cylindrite and andorite. In this deposit, after an epigenetic magmatic stage, a long greisen-hydrothermal event took place with several episodes of metal deposition.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A DFTand TD-DFTApproach to the Understanding of Statistical Kinetics in Substitution Reactions of M3Q4 (M=Mo, W; Q=S, Se) Cuboidal Clusters

For many years it has been known that the nine water molecules in [M3Q4(H2O)9]4+ cuboidal clusters (M= Mo, W; Q=S, Se) can be replaced by entering ligands, such as chloride or thiocyanate, and kinetic studies carried out mainly on the substitution of the first water molecule at each metal centre reveal that the reaction at the three metal centres occurs with statistical kinetics; that is, a single exponential with a rate constant corresponding to the reaction at the third centre is observed instead of the expected threeexponential kinetic trace. Such simplification of the kinetic equations requires the simultaneous fulfilment of two conditions: first that the three consecutive rate constants are in statistical ratio, and second that the metal centres behave as independent chromophores. The validity of those simplifications has been checked for the case of the reaction of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ with Cl by using DFT and TD-DFT theoretical calculations. The results of those calculations are in agreement with the available experimental information, which indicates that the H2O ligands trans to the m-S undergo substitution much faster than those trans to the m3-S. Moreover, the energy barriers for the substitution of the first water molecule at the three metal centres are close to each other, the differences being compatible with the small changes in the numerical values of the rate constants required for observation of statistical kinetics. TD-DFT calculations lead to calculated electronic spectra, which are in reasonable agreement with those experimentally measured, but the calculations do not indicate that the three metal centres behave as independent chromophores, although the mathematical conditions required for simplification of the kinetic traces to a single exponential are reasonably well fulfilled at certain wavelengths. A re-examination of the kinetics of the reaction by using global fitting procedures yields results, which are compatible with statistical kinetics, although an alternative interpretation in which substitution only occurs at a single metal centre under reversible conditions is also possible

Aproximação às mediações na produção simbólica pública de Las Villas em meados do século XX

El examen desde una visión hermenéutica, sistémica y de reflexividad de la producción simbólica pública de la sociedad insular en Cuba, durante el período republicano, décadas del 40 y 50 del siglo XX, acusa la pertinencia de la historiografía de la comunicación como constructo interdisciplinar, capaz de activar las relaciones procesuales entre las dimensiones económicas, jurídicas, políticas y culturales que distinguieron el período, a sus actores, estructuras y soportes, así como las mediaciones macro y micro que inciden en las articulaciones entre el sistema social y el sistema de comunicación pública, a escala de cuanto acontece en sociedades locales y regionales. El contexto de la Constitución del 40, de carácter democrático-burgués, impacta con singularidad la esfera de los derechos civiles, la participación de sectores históricamente invisibilizados, así como el empoderamiento de sectores comerciales, con presencia española e inmigrante, y una vida pública distintiva y plural que tendió al reforzamiento de una visión endógena regionalista.El presente artículo, que responde a un estudio doctoral en curso, procura en clave inter- y transdiciplinar, y desde el análisis lógico-histórico, diacrónico, otorgar énfasis a la investigación documental, bibliográfica, el criterio de expertos y el análisis de contenido cualitativo, para una construcción conceptual y categorial inédita en el campo de la historia de la comunicación en Cuba.The examination from a hermeneutic, systemic, and reflective view of the public symbolic production of island society in Cuba, during the Republican period, 40 and 50 decades of the 20th century, accuses the relevance of the historiography of communication as an interdisciplinary construct, able to activate the procedural relations between the economic, legal, political, and cultural dimensions that distinguished the period, its actors, structures and supports, as well as the macro and micro mediations that affected the articulations between the social system and the communication public system, at the scale of what happens in local and regional societies. The context of the Constitution of 1940, of a bourgeois-democratic nature, only impacts the sphere of civil rights, the participation of historically invisible sectors, as well as the empowerment of commercial sectors, with a Spanish and immigrant presence, and a distinctive public and plural life that tended to reinforce an endogenous regionalist vision.This article, which responds to an ongoing PhD study, seeks inter- and transdisciplinary key, and from the logical-historical, diachronic analysis, to give emphasis to the documentary research, bibliography, the criterion of experts and the analysis of qualitative content, for an unprecedented conceptual and categorical construction in the field of the history of communication in Cuba.A análise, sob uma visão hermenêutica, sistêmica e reflexiva, da produção pública da sociedade insular em Cuba, durante o período republicano, décadas de 40 e 50 do século XX, demonstra a pertinência da historiografia da comunicação como construto interdisciplinar, capaz de ativar as relações processuais entre as dimensões econômicas, jurídicas, políticas e culturais que distinguiram o período, seus atores, estruturas e suportes, bem como as mediações macro e micro que incidem nas articulações entre o sistema social e o sistema de comunicação pública, a escala de quanto acontece em sociedades locais e regionais. O contexto da Constituição de 1940, de caráter democrático-burguês, impacta com singularidade a esfera dos direitos civis, a participação de setores historicamente invisibilizados bem como o empoderamento de setores comerciais, com presença espanhola e imigrante, e uma vida pública diferente e plural, que tendeu ao reforço de uma visão endógena regionalista. Este artigo, que corresponde a um estudo doutoral em andamento, procura, em termos inter e transdisciplinar, e sob a análise lógico-histórica, diacrônica, outorgar ênfase à pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, ao critério de especialistas e à análise de conteúdo qualitativa, para uma construção conceitual e categorial inédita no campo da história da comunicação em Cuba.https://revistas.udem.edu.co/index.php/anagramas/article/view/200

Factibilidad económica comercializadora de plátano semiprocesado Innovaplat S.A.S.

El objetivo general de este proyecto está orientado a la creación de una comercializadora de plátano semiprocesado empacado al vacío en la ciudad de Pereira. Cuya actividad económica es la compra, trasformación y comercialización del plátano semiprocesado empacado al vacío. La información para llevar a cabo este proyecto se obtuvo principalmente de fuentes secundarias las cuales fueron validadas mediante encuestas y entrevistas a personas ampliamente conocedoras de la problemática y potencialidad del sector agrícola y comercial. De igual manera en la investigación se tuvo en cuenta el dinamismo de los mercados internacionales y los cambios estructurales de los últimos años en la economía agrícola mundial, que han hecho de Colombia una alternativa de inversión interesante, más aún si se considera el potencial de desarrollo agrícola del país frente al crecimiento de la demanda mundial de alimentos. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior la Comercializadora enfoca el estudio en los mercados locales de la Ciudad de Pereira principalmente en los supermercados y empresas de comestibles. Por otra parte ante los cambios sociales y culturales que enfrentan las generaciones actuales por ejemplo amas de casa que trabajan dentro y fuera del hogar con múltiples obligaciones familiares y personales se impone el consumo de comidas rápidas, de igual manera las empresas buscan reducir los costos de la mano de obra disminuyendo procesos en la línea de producción. Es por ello que frente a esta situación se imponen las tendencias del mercado hacia la utilización de plátano transformado bajo otras presentaciones, siendo la calidad un factor importante a la hora del cliente elegir. Inherente a esto la Comercializadora INNOVAPLAT S.A.S pensando en las necesidades del mercado ofrece un producto de la canasta familiar y para empresas comestibles como lo es el plátano empacado al vacío en diferentes presentaciones como lo son: empacado en moneda, picado y entero, el cual es un producto innovador que brinda una excelente alternativa de negocio. Para la evaluación del proyecto se aplicaran técnicas como la valoración del Valor Presente Neto y la Tasa Interna de Retorno.The overall objective of this project is aimed at creating a marketer of semi-processed vacuum packed bananas in the city of Pereira. Whose economic activity is buying, processing and marketing of semi-processed vacuum packed banana. The information to carry out this project was obtained mainly from secondary sources which were validated through surveys and interviews with people familiar with the issue extensively and potential of the agricultural and commercial sectors. Similarly in research took into account the dynamism of international markets and structural changes in recent years in the global agricultural economy that have made Colombia an interesting investment alternative, especially if you consider the development potential facing the country's agricultural growth in global food demand. Considering the above the marketer focuses on the study in the local markets of the city of Pereira mainly in supermarkets and grocery companies. In addition to social and cultural changes facing current generations eg housewives working inside and outside the home with multiple family and personal obligations imposed fast food consumption, just as companies look to cut costs decreasing labor processes in the production line. That is why we face this situation imposed market trends towards the use of banana transformed under other presentations, the quality being a major factor when the customer choose. Inherent in this SAS INNOVAPLAT the marketer with the needs of the market offers a product to the basket and grocery companies such as vacuum packed bananas in different forms such as: packed in coin, chopped and whole, which is an innovative product that provides better business alternative. For the evaluation of the project will apply valuation techniques such as Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return