Ensayo metodológico de planificación física de una autovía en el Estado Miranda (Venezuela)

Planning taking into account the environment is fundamental to develop the human and environmental potencial of a territory. Nevertheless, the lack of geographical information in Southamerica makes it difficult for developers to use this technique. This article describes an essay of planning a ficticious highway with this restriction. Planning models have been developed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) not only for land aptitude, risks, quality, fragility and impact, but also for its integration in transport planning. The final aim has been to model a friction map for highways so that land aptitude is optimized and impact is minimized. In addition, a labour of teaching and I+D transfer has been established with various countries in SouthAmerica.La planificación física con base ecológica es fundamental para desarrollar el potencial ambiental y humano de un territorio. Sin embargo, en numerosas áreas de Latinoamérica hay carencias de información territorial que dificultan estos procedimientos. En esta línea, se ha realizado un ensayo metodológico de una planificación física de una autovía hipotética. Para ello se han realizado modelos en SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica) de capacidad territorial, riesgos, calidad, fragilidad e impacto ambiental, que se han integrado en una síntesis de planificación territorial. El objetivo final ha sido modelizar un mapa de impedancia o fricción frente a la autovía, para aplicar un algoritmo cost distance / cost path y obtener un trazado de autovía que optimizase la capacidad del territorio y minimizase el impacto ambiental. Se ha consolidado un aprendizaje y una primera transferencia I + D dirigida a la gestión territorial y a la toma de decisiones para diversos países de Latinoamérica

Transparency and reproducibility: A step forward

At Health Science Reports, we aim to publish scientifically sound and reproducible research. A key aspect of this is proper reporting and openness in all aspects of scientific communication. There is a growing demand for transparency, openness, and reproducibility in research, and several initiatives have been developed to try to address such needs. In this editorial, we want to highlight some of the policies that the journal has implemented or that will implement in the coming year to support these efforts

Majoritarian Contests with Asymmetric Battlefields: An Experiment

We investigate a version of the classic Colonel Blotto game in which individual battles may have different values. Two players allocate a fixed budget across battlefields and each battlefield is won by the player who allocates the most to that battlefield. The winner of the game is the player who wins the battlefields with highest total value. We focus on the case where there is one large and several small battlefields, such that a player wins if he wins the large and any one small battlefield, or all the small battlefields. We compute the mixed strategy equilibrium for these games and compare this with choices from a laboratory experiment. The equilibrium predicts that the large battlefield receives more than a proportional share of the resources of the players, and that most of the time resources should be spread over more battlefields than are needed to win the game. We find support for the main qualitative features of the equilibrium. In particular, strategies that spread resources widely are played frequently, and the large battlefield receives more than a proportional share in the treatment where the asymmetry between battlefields is stronger.We thank Subhasish Chowdhury, Judith Avrahami, seminar participants at New York University, Keele University, University of East Anglia, University of the Basque Country, and conference participants at the Voting Power in Practice Symposium at LSE 2011, M-BEES 2011, SING7 2011, Contest, Mechanisms and Experiments Conference at Exeter 2012, SAET 2012, GAMES 2012 and ESEM-EEA 2013. The equilibrium computations were carried out on the High Performance Computing Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia

Sphaerosporella brunnea (Alb. et Schwein.) Svrcek et Kubicka, un discomicete con incidencia en la truficultura e interés forestal

Sphaerosporella brunnea (Alb. et Schwein.) Svrcek et Kubicka, a cup-shaped ascomycete related with truffle cultures and afforestation. A casual finding of Sphaerosporella brunnea in some greenhouses from Spain, growing in connection with several ectomycorrhizal plants, is reported. These plants were experimentally inoculated with low level inoculum of Tuber melanosporum. Sphaerosporella brunnea is described and illustrated, and its negative role in truffle cultures and its possible utilization in burned are as recovery is emphasized.Se da cuenta del hallazgo casual, en unos viveros españoles de Sphaerosporella brunnea, formando micorrizas con plantas diversas, las cuales habían sido inoculadas experimentalmente con niveles bajos de Tuber melanosporum. Se describe e ilustra esta especie, al tiempo que se destaca su papel negativo en la truficultura y su posible utilización en la recuperación de áreas incendiadas

Alineación frontal de la rodilla. Concepto y determinación de la posición neutra en el vivo

Se estudiaron 28 rodillas asintomáticas con objeto de confirmar en el vivo la existencia de movilidad mediolateral, tomando como posición neutra aquella en la que el contacto articular se produce simultáneamente en ambos compartimentos. Hemos observado, que la interlínea articular en posición neutra es sensiblemente mas amplia en el compartimento lateral, en proporción de 1,3 a 1 respecto del medial. Se estudió la rodilla en diversas actitudes posturales durante la estación bípeda, hallando que al colocar la extremidad inferior en adducción de la cadera la altura de la interlínea aumenta significativamente en el compartimento lateral, alcanzando una proporción de 1,9 a 1 respecto del medial. Es decir, que en distintas actitudes fisiológicas, la amplitud de la interlínea articular de la rodilla y por tanto el ángulo fémorotibial, son variables, lo cual es compatible con la hipótesis del «Contacto articular alternativo». Creemos que la existencia de cierta movilidad mediolateral fisiológica en la rodilla, puede tener trascendencia en el diseño de la geometría frontal de las prótesis, así como en la realización de las técnicas radiográficas y su valoración

Sphaerosporella brunnea (Alb. et Schwein.) Svrcek et Kubicka, un discomicete con incidencia en la truficultura e interés forestal

Se da cuenta del hallazgo casual, en unos viveros españoles de Sphaerosporella brunnea, formando micorrizas con plantas diversas, las cuales habían sido inoculadas experimentalmente con niveles bajos de Tuber melanosporum. Se describe e ilustra esta especie, al tiempo que se destaca su papel negativo en la truficultura y su posible utilización en la recuperación de áreas incendiadas.Sphaerosporella brunnea (Alb. et Schwein.) Svrcek et Kubicka, a cup-shaped ascomycete related with truffle cultures and afforestation. A casual finding of Sphaerosporella brunnea in some greenhouses from Spain, growing in connection with several ectomycorrhizal plants, is reported. These plants were experimentally inoculated with low level inoculum of Tuber melanosporum. Sphaerosporella brunnea is described and illustrated, and its negative role in truffle cultures and its possible utilization in burned are as recovery is emphasized

Ultrathin carbon nanotube with single, double, and triple bonds

A metastable carbon nanotube with single, double, and triple bonds has been predicted from abinitio simulation. It results from the relaxation of an ideal carbon nanotube with chirality (2,1), without any potential barrier between the ideal nanotube and the new structure. Ten-membered carbon rings are formed by breaking carbon bonds between adjacent hexagons; eight-membered rings, already present in the ideal structure, become the smallest rings. This structure is stable in molecular dynamics simulations at temperatures up to 1000K. Raman, infrared, and optical absorption spectra are simulated to allow its identification in the laboratory. The structure can be described as a double helical chain with alternating single, double, and triple bonds, where the chains are bridged by single bondsThis work was supported by Grants No. SB2010-0119 (MEC), No. CTQ2010-19232 (MICIN), and No. A1/035856/11 (AECID

PopStar Evolutionary Synthesis Models II: Optical emission-line spectra from Giant H{\sc ii} regions

This is the second paper of a series reporting the results from the PopStar evolutionary synthesis models. Here we present synthetic emission line spectra of H{\sc ii} regions photoionized by young star clusters, for seven values of cluster masses and for ages between 0.1 and 5.2 Myr. The ionizing Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) are those obtained by the PopStar code \citep*{mgb09} for six different metallicities, with a very low metallicity set, Z=0.0001, not included in previous similar works. We assume that the radius of the H{\sc ii} region is the distance at which the ionized gas is deposited by the action of the mechanical energy of the winds and supernovae from the central ionizing young cluster. In this way the ionization parameter is eliminated as free argument, since now its value is obtained from the cluster physical properties (mass, age and metallicity) and from the gaseous medium characteristics (density and abundances). We discuss our results and compare them with those from previous models and also with a large and data set of giant H{\sc ii} regions for which abundances have been derived in a homogeneous manner. The values of the [OIII] lines (at $\lambda\lambda$ 4363, 4959, 5007\AA) in the lowest metallicity nebulae are found to be very weak and similar to those coming from very high metallicity regions (solar or over-solar). Thus, the sole use of the oxygen lines is not enough to distinguish between very low and very high metallicity regions. In these cases we emphasize the need of the additional support of alternative metallicity tracers, like the [SIII] lines in the near-\textit{IR}.Comment: 20 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Main Journa

Recursos audiovisuales en la docencia a nivel universitaria. El uso del videoblog como herramienta de comunicación.

En el siguiente texto se relata la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías en el desarrollo de la actividad docente universitaria. Concretamente en la facultad de comunicación de la UCJC se puso en marcha dos iniciativas en el grado de Publicidad y Relaciona Públicas en las que los alumnos debían emplear el videoblog como herramienta de comunicación