Standard dialectical behavioral therapy for bipolar I disorder: a case study with two year follow-up

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la efectividad de la terapia conductual dialéctica (DBT) en un individuo diagnosticado de trastorno bipolar I después de un año de tratamiento y un seguimiento realizado dos años después del tratamiento. El paciente sufría de un trastorno de larga evolución que había recibido numerosos tratamientos psicológicos y psiquiátricos antes de comenzar el programa DBT. Los resultados indicaron que la DBT fue efectiva ya que hubo una disminución en los síntomas clínicos más relevantes, como el número de episodios afectivos y el número de ingresos en la sala de emergencias, así como un aumento en la regulación del afecto y la adherencia a la farmacoterapia. La mejora también se reflejó en el nivel de rendimiento general. Los resultados se mantuvieron a los 2 años de seguimiento. Estos hallazgos respaldan la conveniencia de utilizar estrategias destinadas a mejorar la regulación emocional y el comportamiento, de acuerdo con otros estudios que demuestran la eficacia de DBT en el tratamiento de individuos que presentan una desregulación de la emoción generalizada.This work aims to analyze the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in an individual diagnosed of bipolar disorder I after a year of treatment and a follow-up conducted two years after the treatment. The patient was suffering from a disorder of long evolution having received numerous psychological and psychiatric treatments before starting the DBT program. The results indicated that DBT was effective as there was a decrease in the most relevant clinical symptoms, such as the number of mood episodes and the number of emergency room admissions, as well as an increase in the regulation of affect and adherence to pharmacotherapy. The improvement was also reflected in the level of overall performance. The outcomes were maintained at 2-year follow-up. These findings support the convenience of using strategies aimed to improve emotion and behavioral regulation in line with other studies demonstrating the efficacy of DBT in the treatment of individuals presenting pervasive emotion dysregulation

Seasonal surveillance of pesticide residues and preliminary dietary risk assessment in commonly consumed F&V in Uruguay

Fruits and vegetables are essential foods for a balanced diet. They have the particularity that they are mostly consumed as such, without further processing. Therefore, the concentration of residues from the application of phytosanitary products for crop protection must be controlled. On average, Uruguay consumes less than half of the F&V recommended by the WHO. For that reason, a consumption incentive program called "Smart Basket or Smart List” has been developed in the last few years. In this work, seasonal monitoring of fruits and vegetables is being carried out to know the positive findings in the different matrices, their concentrations, and their relationship regarding the maximum residue limits. The monitoring results since the summer of 2020 for matrices such as onion, tomato, citrus, apple, pumpkin, carrot, eggplant, and grapes are presented. Each analytical methodology for the selected F&V was validated using a QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 scheme, working with the Codex Alimentarius groups and contrasting the figures of merit required by the current SANTE document to ensure the quality of the results obtained. The method was adjusted for the GC-MS/MS determination of approximately 80 analytes, depending on the matrix under study. For most of the matrices studied, at least one pesticide residue was found within the method’s scope, belonging to the technological package used for each matrix. In turn, almost all the concentrations for the cases studied were below the Codex MRL values. Regarding the identities of the findings, 22 compounds were the most detected, mainly insecticides and fungicides. The generation of empirical data will allow us to refine the calculations presented in previous communications and go from working with theoretical concentrations or Maximum Limits to distributions of total concentrations. This work aims to obtain a phased or gradual approach to an intake risk assessment and a global overview of the compliance of the Codex MRLs with the findings for the Uruguayan situation.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

A first approximation to the adjustment of pesticide use and theoretical MRL's and ADI accomplishment in fruits and vegetables in Uruguay

Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables (F&V) are of primary concern as these foods can be usually consumed as such. Little if any processing is done before their consumption apart from peeling and washing, depending on the type of F&V considered. Because of that, monitoring programs are performed all over the world to ensure legal MRL's accomplishment. The MRLs pursue two main objectives: to enforce Good Agricultural Practices accomplishment and protect consumers' health. In Uruguay, the number of legally allowed pesticides dropped from 453 to 285 active principles during the past decade. For instance, no pesticide of toxicological Level I is permitted in the country. In this work, thorough research on the active principles employed in Uruguay in F&V was performed. Of 233 pesticides registered for the 35 most cultured and consumed F&V in the country, 72 are insecticides, 60 are fungicides, and 101 herbicides. Among the insecticides, 20 were OPs, 10 carbamates, 11 pyrethroids, 6 neonicotinoids, and 25 belong to other chemical classes (matrine, azadirachtin, spinosad, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole a.o.). Most of the 60 fungicides active principles belong to the dithiocarbamates, Cyt-P450 inhibitors, and strobilurins chemical classes. A deterministic approach for evaluating chronic dietary risk for pesticide intake was performed following the recommended procedures by the World Health Organization (WHO) for chlorpyrifos, an insecticide from the organophosphate class, and the two most employed dithiocarbamates in Uruguay: Mancozeb and Ziram. The National Maximum Theoretical Daily Intake (IDTMN) was calculated using consumption data of fruits and vegetables of the National Survey of Household Expenditure and Income (ENGIHS), the Accepted Daily Intake (ADI), and the Maximum Residue Limits (MRL). As a result of the deterministic analysis, chlorpyrifos theoretical intake represented 92% of the IDA value below the safety limits. Nevertheless, as chlorpyrifos is allowed to be used in other highly consumed commodities such as cereals and grains, the maximum value of IDA for it can be easily reachable. In the case of dithiocarbamates, the results varied depending on the studied compound. The MRL for the whole chemical class is expressed as mg of CS 2 /kg sample, and correction factors for each specific compound must be applied to assess dietary risk assessment. Within this context, Mancozeb represented 48% of the IDA and Ziram 427% IDA. The results of a monitoring program on a seasonal basis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables will be presented to refine the values obtained with the theoretical calculations; aiming to verify the adjustment of the established MRLs to the Uruguayan diet will be presented and discussed.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Civic crowdfunding: a new opportunity for local governments

In civic crowdfunding, local communities are asked to financially contribute to projects aimed at the regeneration of an area. Usually a local government acts as a co-funder. This paper employs a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to discover which conditions are combined and may result in the collection of a significant amount of funds. Five conditions were selected: the nature of project, the number of backers, the number of rewards, the percentage of backers that did not require a reward and the percentage of rewards not required during the fundraising campaign. The study used a sample of 40 Italian successful civic crowdfunding rounds sponsored and match-funded by a local government. The nature of the projects and the presence of rewards seem to emerge as critical influencing factors. These findings open up further investigations on the attitudes of civic backers towards rewards and on the charitable nature of civic fundraising

Genealogías de la resistencia performática: primeros avances de una investigación sobre teatro y derechos humanos

¿Qué hace el teatro independiente hoy por la construcción de memorias del Terrorismo de Estado en Argentina? ¿Cómo alimenta y fortalece luchas por distintos tipos de derechos humanos y por el reconocimiento y la ampliación de los derechos de ciudadanía? Nuestra investigación, que cuenta con el apoyo de PAIO 2013 y de UNDAVCyT 2015, se organiza con base en dos líneas de indagación referidas al período memorial 2003- 2015. Por un lado, analiza colectivos y hechos teatrales que, a la luz de la memorialización de la última dictadura cívico-militar, actualizaron los derechos humanos como vocabulario político contemporáneo. Argumenta que el ciclo Nuestro Teatro 2013-2015 resituó violencias más allá de los crímenes de lesa humanidad y evidenció derechos aún pendientes en tiempos democráticos. Por otro lado, mediante una metodología participativa, nuestra investigación buscó caracterizar y acompañar la tarea militante de Teatro x la Identidad 2015 y de las Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo.What does independent theater do for the building of memories of State Terrorism in Argentina? How does it nourish and strengthen struggles for different types of human rights and for the recognition and expansion of citizenship? Our research project, which receives support from PAIO 2013 and UNDAVCyT 2015, has two lines of inquiry for the 2003-2015 memory period. On the one hand, it analizes theater collectives and theater events that renovated the language of human rights as a political grammar under the light of memory building of the last civic-military dictatorship. The paper argues that the theater cycle Nuestro Teatro 2013-2015 redefined violences beyond crimes against humanity, and underscored rights which are still pending in democratic times. On other hand, the paper elaborates on how our research seeks to characterize and support the activist work of Teatro x la Identidad 2015, and of Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo.Fil: Perera, Maria Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda; ArgentinaFil: García, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda; ArgentinaFil: Gudiño Bessone, Pablo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Centro de Investigaciones Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda; Argentin

Fitness of Leishmania donovani Parasites Resistant to Drug Combinations

Drug resistance represents one of the main problems for the use of chemotherapy to treat leishmaniasis. Additionally, it could provide some advantages to Leishmania parasites, such as a higher capacity to survive in stress conditions. In this work, in mixed populations of Leishmania donovani parasites, we have analyzed whether experimentally resistant lines to one or two combined anti-leishmanial drugs better support the stress conditions than a susceptible line expressing luciferase (Luc line). In the absence of stress, none of the Leishmania lines showed growth advantage relative to the other when mixed at a 1:1 parasite ratio. However, when promastigotes from resistant lines and the Luc line were mixed and exposed to different stresses, we observed that the resistant lines are more tolerant of different stress conditions: nutrient starvation and heat shock-pH stress. Further to this, we observed that intracellular amastigotes from resistant lines present a higher capacity to survive inside the macrophages than those of the control line. These results suggest that resistant parasites acquire an overall fitness increase and that resistance to drug combinations presents significant differences in their fitness capacity versus single-drug resistant parasites, particularly in intracellular amastigotes. These results contribute to the assessment of the possible impact of drug resistance on leishmaniasis control programs.Plan Andaluz de Investigación (Proyecto de Excelencia CTS-7282), Junta de Andalucia (FG)Spanish Grants SAF2012-34267 (to FG)Spanish Grants SAF2011-28102 (to SC)Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa-FEDER, RICET project RD12/0018/0017 (FG)Peer reviewe

“Family Connections”, a DBT-Based Program for Relatives of People with Borderline Personality Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus Group Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the family environment due to the difficulties that have been generated by job losses, deaths, increase rates of family and domestic violence, poor mental health outcomes, and estrangement in personal relationships. “Family Connections” (FC) is an internationally renowned DBT-based program that supports the families and caregivers of people with borderline personality disorder. The study took place at a Specialized Health Centre in Spain. A focus group with seven participants was organized for people who had previously attended an FC group. The participants were asked about their experiences during the confinement periods that was caused by COVID-19 as well as their experiences and opinions on relatives, skills practiced, their need to and the advantages of attending the group, and satisfaction with the FC group. The qualitative research web program Dedoose was used for the thematic analysis of the data. The results showed that the participants experienced various experiences during confinement; validation and radical acceptance were determined to be the most useful skills; the importance of professionals and the content as well as the sincerity of attendees and having a safe space were determined to be the greatest benefits of the programs; and the participants all indicated great satisfaction of the program. This study allowed us to explore the experiences of family members of people with BPD with their loved ones during the confinement period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the use of the FC program skills in the family environment during confinement, and we analyzed the acceptability and satisfaction with the FC program

Collaboration for social innovation in the agri-food system in Latin America and the Caribbean

Aim of study: This study reviews the state of the art of collaboration for social innovation in food and rural systems. The analysis focuses on cooperation by farms and agro-industry companies. The purpose is to identify not only the state of the art of this research topic but also the main authors, the countries where these studies are conducted and the dynamics of research networks in relation to these topics. Area of study: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Material and methods: The Web of Science database was used to search for articles containing the terms ‘cooperation’, ‘networks’, ‘innovation’, ‘social’, ‘rural’ and ‘LAC’. Using VOSviewer network creation and analysis software, maps of citations, co-authorship, co-citations and co-occurrence of key-words were created and analysed. Content analysis was then performed. Finally, the research areas that the authors of the analysed articles consider to be of interest for future research were identified. Main results: The results reveal that researchers from Latin America and other regions, especially Europe and the English-speaking world, are showing a growing interest in collaborative systems for development and social innovation in LAC. Research highlights: The analysis enables further progress to be made in identifying the main drivers of collaboration in the LAC rural sector. These main drivers include social innovation, knowledge, sustainable management and social capital