29 research outputs found
Nutritive value and sensory acceptability of corn- and kocho- based foods supplemented with legumes for infant feeding in Southern Ethiopia
In most developing countries, complementary foods are based on staple cereal or root crops. Imported or commercially developed foods generally are not used by low-income rural households due to high cost and poor availability. To improve the quality of children's diets in Southern Ethiopia, two complementary foods were formulated based on corn, or on an indigenous root crop (Enset ventricosum) product called kocho. Kidney beans and pumpkin pulp were used to improve the protein and vitamin A values, respectively. Kidney beans and corn were soaked, germinated and lightly roasted before grinding. Four formulations of complementary foods were prepared. Two of them were traditional corn- or kocho-based, and served as controls. The other two were supplemented formulations, and contained either corn:kidney bean:pumpkin (CBP) or kocho:kidney bean:pumpkin (KBP). Crude protein and fat, amino acid profile, and carotene content of the corn, kocho, kidney bean, and pumpkin were determined by standard AOAC methods. The four formulations were evaluated for sensory acceptability in Southern Ethiopia by mother and child pairs. The CBP and KBP formulations had crude protein contents of 14.07 g/100 g and 13.81 g/100 g, respectively, while the traditional corn and kocho had only 8.82 g/100 g and 1.46 g/100 g, on a dry weight basis. Adding kidney beans to both mixtures improved their essential amino acid profiles, but the need to serve the foods as thin porridge for infants created low energy density products. The pumpkin in CBP and KBP provided 54 µg RAE per 100 kcal, increasing the Vitamin A value of the mixes by 25- and 180-fold, respectively. Sensory evaluation of CBP by 30 mother and child pairs, and KBP by 28 pairs indicated high acceptability (4.7 - 4.9 on a 5-pt Hedonic scales) of the complementary foods. Acceptability scores of CBP and KBP were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from those of the traditional corn and kocho formulations. Thus, addition of kidney beans and pumpkin is a potential way to increase the nutritive value of traditional Ethiopian complementary foods prepared from corn or kocho. Keywords: amino acid profile, legume, nutrient density, complementary foods, vitamin A African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development Vol. 6(1) 200
The Vehicle, Spring 1993
1993 Commemorative Edition: Celebrating 35 Years
Table of Contents
The Vehicle Editors\u27 Lineagepage 5
Milestonespage 6
THE SIXTIES
Coverspage 7
Editors\u27 Notespage 8
Sureness is Never - excerptDon Shepardsonpage 9
SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 10
A SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 11
The Twenty-Third ChannelBen Polkpage 11
Opposite AttractionsC.E.M. (Christine McColl)page 12
John F. KennedyJoel E. Hendrickspage 13
The Girl on the White PonyLarry Gatespage 14
The TimesW.D.M. (William Moser)page 16
Home ThoughtsJane Careypage 17
1966Roger Zulaufpage 18
Nagging ThoughtJanet Andrewspage 18
THE SEVENTIES
Coverspage 19
Editors\u27 Notespage 20
RevolutionsSteve Siegelpage 21
UntitledKristine Kirkhampage 23
The Arithmetic ProblemJanice Forbuspage 23
Willie Seeverson Threw a Worm at MeMary Pipekpage 24
a love poem (by approximation)Ted Baldwinpage 25
Night and Summer in Two WorldsBarry Smithpage 26
Story of a Teenage PickleTerry Louis Schultzpage 27
Danny Lonely, Danny WildDevin Brownpage 28
Always TomorrowMary McDanielpage 29
THE EIGHTIES
Coverspage 31
Having ChildrenDevon Flesorpage 33
What is Unnatural Is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 34
If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 35
Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 36
Poet Born in Pearl HarborAngelique Jenningspage 37
The History of High School BasketballPatrick Peterspage 38
Banana BreadGail Bowerpage 39
Cover LetterBob Zordanipage 40
Home MoviesBob Zordanipage 41
MigrationPatrick Peterspage 42
THE NINETIES
Ba, Ba, Black SheepVictoria Bennettpage 45
Daily LessonsJennifer Moropage 49
Folding My OwnLaurie Ann Malispage 51
About the Authorspage 53
Editors\u27 Notespage 56https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1062/thumbnail.jp
The Vehicle, Spring 1993
1993 Commemorative Edition: Celebrating 35 Years
Table of Contents
The Vehicle Editors\u27 Lineagepage 5
Milestonespage 6
THE SIXTIES
Coverspage 7
Editors\u27 Notespage 8
Sureness is Never - excerptDon Shepardsonpage 9
SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 10
A SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 11
The Twenty-Third ChannelBen Polkpage 11
Opposite AttractionsC.E.M. (Christine McColl)page 12
John F. KennedyJoel E. Hendrickspage 13
The Girl on the White PonyLarry Gatespage 14
The TimesW.D.M. (William Moser)page 16
Home ThoughtsJane Careypage 17
1966Roger Zulaufpage 18
Nagging ThoughtJanet Andrewspage 18
THE SEVENTIES
Coverspage 19
Editors\u27 Notespage 20
RevolutionsSteve Siegelpage 21
UntitledKristine Kirkhampage 23
The Arithmetic ProblemJanice Forbuspage 23
Willie Seeverson Threw a Worm at MeMary Pipekpage 24
a love poem (by approximation)Ted Baldwinpage 25
Night and Summer in Two WorldsBarry Smithpage 26
Story of a Teenage PickleTerry Louis Schultzpage 27
Danny Lonely, Danny WildDevin Brownpage 28
Always TomorrowMary McDanielpage 29
THE EIGHTIES
Coverspage 31
Having ChildrenDevon Flesorpage 33
What is Unnatural Is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 34
If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 35
Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 36
Poet Born in Pearl HarborAngelique Jenningspage 37
The History of High School BasketballPatrick Peterspage 38
Banana BreadGail Bowerpage 39
Cover LetterBob Zordanipage 40
Home MoviesBob Zordanipage 41
MigrationPatrick Peterspage 42
THE NINETIES
Ba, Ba, Black SheepVictoria Bennettpage 45
Daily LessonsJennifer Moropage 49
Folding My OwnLaurie Ann Malispage 51
About the Authorspage 53
Editors\u27 Notespage 56https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1062/thumbnail.jp
The Vehicle, 1964, Vol. 6
Vol. 6
Table of Contents
Milepostspage 2
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial Pagepage 4
Sadness No. 4 (Sorgen)Sherry S. Frypage 5
Christian BurialRoger J. Barrypage 7
The World of BeautyDavid Helmpage 9
The Song of the LarksDon Kapraunpage 10
ContrastKeith Haierpage 13
PanoramaDaun Alan Leggpage 13
A Child\u27s View of DeathCherie Brondellpage 14
RegretLiz Puckettpage 16
Brutal WarMary H. Soukuppage 17
aloneLiz Puckettpage 18
MadgeLinda Galeypage 19
Moon WatchingJoel E. Hendrickspage 20
AnalysisLiz Puckettpage 21
UniverseRick Talleypage 21
Anyone Can Be A LuniticRick Towsonpage 22
I, Too, Have A Rendezvous with DeathElaine Lancepage 23
The ReturnRobert D. Thomaspage 24
NamesLarry Gatespage 25
Eternal MomentsDavid Helmpage 25
The Last DaysPauline B. Smithpage 26
BeliefRichard J. Wiesepage 27
StormPauline B. Smithpage 28
ExplosionLiz Puckettpage 29
Autumn EveJoel E. Hendrickspage 29
The Girl On the White PonyLarry Gatespage 31
HoffnungTerry Michael Salempage 33
Stone WallsDaun Alan Leggpage 34
AdorationGail M. Barenfangerpage 37
MirageRoy L. Carlsonpage 38
Nature and NonsenseRick Talleypage 39
A Step Through A Looking GlassMarilyn Henrypage 40
Thoughts of a Summer PastPauline B Smithpage 42
Indiana GrassLarry Gatespage 43
RedondillaRoberta Matthewspage 44
Summer LoveDaun Alan Leggpage 45
To Youth Reaching For MaturityDavid Helmpage 45
Thanksgiving DayJoel E. Hendrickspage 46
Sadness No. 6 (Schatten)Sherry S. Frypage 48https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1012/thumbnail.jp
Situation and determinants of the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators in Madagascar: analysis of the 2009 Demographic and Health Survey
Background: Studies evaluating child feeding in Madagascar are scarce despite its importance in child growth during the first two years of life. This study assessed the associations between the WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and stunting and identified determinants of inappropriate child feeding practices.Methods: The most recent Demographic and Health Survey was used including a total of 1956 infants aged 0–23 months. Logistic regressions were performed for the association between IYCF indicators and stunting and for the determination of risk factors for inappropriate feeding practices.Results: The rates of initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth (77.2%), continued breastfeeding at one year (99.6%) and timely introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods at 6–8 months (88.3%) were high. Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months (48.8%), attaining minimum dietary diversity (22.2%) and consumption of iron-rich foods (19.6%) were relatively low. Higher length-for-age was associated with achieving minimum dietary diversity (p<0.01). The other indicators assessed (early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, timely introduction of complementary foods and consumption of iron-rich foods) were not associated with stunting. Infants born to mothers who had first given birth at an age younger than 19 were more likely not to be breastfed within one hour after birth, not to be exclusively breastfed and not to have the recommended dietary diversity. Infants whose mothers had low media exposure were at increased risk of being inappropriately fed. Low household wealth also was associated with higher odds of not meeting the minimum dietary diversity.Conclusions: Despite almost total continued breastfeeding at one year and early initiation of breastfeeding by more than three-quarter of mothers, minimum dietary diversity scores were still low, confirming the need for more effective programs for improving child feeding practices in Madagascar. Improving dietary diversity in children aged 6–23 months may help reduce stunting. The identified risk factors for inappropriate feeding practices could be used in directing future nutrition sensitive interventions.Peer reviewedNutritional Science
Oral abstracts 3: RA Treatment and outcomesO13. Validation of jadas in all subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a clinical setting
Background: Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) is a 4 variable composite disease activity (DA) score for JIA (including active 10, 27 or 71 joint count (AJC), physician global (PGA), parent/child global (PGE) and ESR). The validity of JADAS for all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting is unknown. We investigated the construct validity of JADAS in the clinical setting in all subtypes of JIA through application to a prospective inception cohort of UK children presenting with new onset inflammatory arthritis. Methods: JADAS 10, 27 and 71 were determined for all children in the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) with complete data available at baseline. Correlation of JADAS 10, 27 and 71 with single DA markers was determined for all subtypes. All correlations were calculated using Spearman's rank statistic. Results: 262/1238 visits had sufficient data for calculation of JADAS (1028 (83%) AJC, 744 (60%) PGA, 843 (68%) PGE and 459 (37%) ESR). Median age at disease onset was 6.0 years (IQR 2.6-10.4) and 64% were female. Correlation between JADAS 10, 27 and 71 approached 1 for all subtypes. Median JADAS 71 was 5.3 (IQR 2.2-10.1) with a significant difference between median JADAS scores between subtypes (p < 0.01). Correlation of JADAS 71 with each single marker of DA was moderate to high in the total cohort (see Table 1). Overall, correlation with AJC, PGA and PGE was moderate to high and correlation with ESR, limited JC, parental pain and CHAQ was low to moderate in the individual subtypes. Correlation coefficients in the extended oligoarticular, rheumatoid factor negative and enthesitis related subtypes were interpreted with caution in view of low numbers. Conclusions: This study adds to the body of evidence supporting the construct validity of JADAS. JADAS correlates with other measures of DA in all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting. Given the high frequency of missing ESR data, it would be useful to assess the validity of JADAS without inclusion of the ESR. Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Table 1Spearman's correlation between JADAS 71 and single markers DA by ILAR subtype ILAR Subtype Systemic onset JIA Persistent oligo JIA Extended oligo JIA Rheumatoid factor neg JIA Rheumatoid factor pos JIA Enthesitis related JIA Psoriatic JIA Undifferentiated JIA Unknown subtype Total cohort Number of children 23 111 12 57 7 9 19 7 17 262 AJC 0.54 0.67 0.53 0.75 0.53 0.34 0.59 0.81 0.37 0.59 PGA 0.63 0.69 0.25 0.73 0.14 0.05 0.50 0.83 0.56 0.64 PGE 0.51 0.68 0.83 0.61 0.41 0.69 0.71 0.9 0.48 0.61 ESR 0.28 0.31 0.35 0.4 0.6 0.85 0.43 0.7 0.5 0.53 Limited 71 JC 0.29 0.51 0.23 0.37 0.14 -0.12 0.4 0.81 0.45 0.41 Parental pain 0.23 0.62 0.03 0.57 0.41 0.69 0.7 0.79 0.42 0.53 Childhood health assessment questionnaire 0.25 0.57 -0.07 0.36 -0.47 0.84 0.37 0.8 0.66 0.4
SDSS-III: Massive Spectroscopic Surveys of the Distant Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
Building on the legacy of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-I and II),
SDSS-III is a program of four spectroscopic surveys on three scientific themes:
dark energy and cosmological parameters, the history and structure of the Milky
Way, and the population of giant planets around other stars. In keeping with
SDSS tradition, SDSS-III will provide regular public releases of all its data,
beginning with SDSS DR8 (which occurred in Jan 2011). This paper presents an
overview of the four SDSS-III surveys. BOSS will measure redshifts of 1.5
million massive galaxies and Lya forest spectra of 150,000 quasars, using the
BAO feature of large scale structure to obtain percent-level determinations of
the distance scale and Hubble expansion rate at z<0.7 and at z~2.5. SEGUE-2,
which is now completed, measured medium-resolution (R=1800) optical spectra of
118,000 stars in a variety of target categories, probing chemical evolution,
stellar kinematics and substructure, and the mass profile of the dark matter
halo from the solar neighborhood to distances of 100 kpc. APOGEE will obtain
high-resolution (R~30,000), high signal-to-noise (S/N>100 per resolution
element), H-band (1.51-1.70 micron) spectra of 10^5 evolved, late-type stars,
measuring separate abundances for ~15 elements per star and creating the first
high-precision spectroscopic survey of all Galactic stellar populations (bulge,
bar, disks, halo) with a uniform set of stellar tracers and spectral
diagnostics. MARVELS will monitor radial velocities of more than 8000 FGK stars
with the sensitivity and cadence (10-40 m/s, ~24 visits per star) needed to
detect giant planets with periods up to two years, providing an unprecedented
data set for understanding the formation and dynamical evolution of giant
planet systems. (Abridged)Comment: Revised to version published in The Astronomical Journa
Recommended from our members
Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.
Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707