Crescimento e produção de compostos bioativos da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivada in vitro com efluente de bioflocos e extrato de ascophyllum nodosum

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aqüicultura, Florianópolis, 2015.Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito bioestimulante do efluente do cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei em sistema de bioflocos (BFT) e do extrato comercial de Ascophyllum nodosum (AMPEP) no crescimento e perfil metabólico (carotenóides e compostos fenólicos) da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivada in vitro. Os meios de cultura contendo água do mar esterilizada (controle) adicionada de solução von Stosch 50% (Vs), efluente de BFT 25% (BFT), AMPEP (0,1g L-1, 30 min - Ap) e as combinações de tratamentos Vs+Ap e BFT+Ap mostraram-se adequados à sobrevivência de 100% dos talos. Em todos os tratamentos foi detectado a ocorrência da ?doença? ice-ice. As amostras tratadas com Vs e BFT apresentaram as maiores taxas médias de crescimento, 1,70 ± 0,14 % dia-1 e 1,56 ± 0,08 % dia-1 respectivamente, não diferindo (p>0,05) entre si. De outra forma, menores e similares incrementos de biomassa foram observados nos tratamentos controle (0,51 ± 0,05 % dia-1) e Ap (0,57 ± 0,07 % dia-1). A suplementação do meio de cultura com BFT estimulou a biossíntese de compostos fenólicos (92,2 ± 22,4 µg g-1 biomassa seca) e flavonóides totais (18,8 ± 0,6 µg g-1 biomassa seca), enquanto talos cultivados em BFT+Ap apresentaram conteúdos de carotenóides totais (239,3 ± 9,3 µg g-1 biomassa seca) superiores (pAbstract : This work aimed to determine in vitro the biostimulant effect of Litopenaeus vannamei effluent cultivation in bio-flocs system (BFT) and the commercial extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (AMPEP) on growth and metabolic profile (carotenoids and phenolic compounds) of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. Culture media containing sterilized seawater (control) added with von Stosch solution 50% (Vs), BFT effluent 25% (BFT), AMPEP (0.1g L-1, 30 min - Ap), and combinations of treatments Vs Ap and BFT Ap allowed 100% survival of the propagules. In all treatments, ice-ice "disease" was detected. The samples treated with Vs and BFT had the highest average growth rates, i.e., 1.70 ± 0.14% day-1 and 1.56 ± 0.08% day-1 respectively, not differing (p<0.05) each other. Otherwise, smaller and similar increments of biomass were observed in the control (0.51% ± 0.05 day-1) and Ap (0.57 ± 0.07% day-1). Supplementation of culture medium with BFT stimulated biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (92.2 ± 22.4 µg g-1 dry weight) and flavonoids (18.8 ± 0.6 µg g-1 dry weight), while propagules grown on BFT Ap presented superior total carotenoid content (239.3 ± 9.3 µg g-1 dry weight, p <0.05). Higher values (p <0.05) of inhibition of the DPPH radical were observed in seaweed methanolic extracts treated with Vs (13.4 ± 1.5%) and Vs+Ap (13.4 ± 0.6%). Results demonstrated that the treatments effectively altered both K. alvarezii´s growth and secondary metabolism, especially with supplementation of the seawater with Vs and BFT. These treatments produced increases of biomass and carotenoids and phenolic compounds of recognized biological effects (e.g., antioxidants). In addition, the BFT treatment highlight from others with significant increase of total phenolics and flavonoids suggesting an interesting context to the analysis of epigenetic manipulation of K. alvarezii crops on a large scale and their possible outcome in aquaculture engineering and related production sectors

Starvation Induces Proteasome Autophagy with Different Pathways for Core and Regulatory Particles

Citation: Waite, K. A., De-La Mota-Peynado, A., Vontz, G., & Roelofs, J. (2016). Starvation Induces Proteasome Autophagy with Different Pathways for Core and Regulatory Particles. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291(7), 3239-3253. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.699124The proteasome is responsible for the degradation of many cellular proteins. If and how this abundant and normally stable complex is degraded by cells is largely unknown. Here we show that in yeast, upon nitrogen starvation, proteasomes are targeted for vacuolar degradation through autophagy. Using GFP-tagged proteasome subunits, we observed that autophagy of a core particle (CP) subunit depends on the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp3, although a regulatory particle (RP) subunit does not. Furthermore, upon blocking of autophagy, RP remained largely nuclear, although CP largely localized to the cytosol as well as granular structures within the cytosol. In all, our data reveal a regulated process for the removal of proteasomes upon nitrogen starvation. This process involves CP and RP dissociation, nuclear export, and independent vacuolar targeting of CP and RP. Thus, in addition to the well characterized transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding proteasome subunits, cells are also capable of down-regulating cellular levels of proteasomes through proteaphagy

An examination of family nutrition programs implemented by Mississippi State University Extension Service in Jackson public schools

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) includes programs and educational curricula that promote healthy behaviors for people receiving nutrition assistance benefits, or eligible for benefits. This study investigated whether information given to children through SNAP-Ed nutrition education programs implemented in schools was taken home to educate parents. After programs were delivered to students by Mississippi State University Extension Service Nutrition Educators, parents (N=302, response rate=43.1%) of elementary students in eight public schools in Jackson, Mississippi, reported changes they made in their households. These changes included eating more fruits and vegetables or trying different fruits and vegetables, and being more physically active (p\u3c0.001). A majority (63.9%) of parents reported that after their children participated in nutrition education programs, their children talked to them about healthy foods, and 73.2% reported their children asked for more fruits, vegetables, milk, or yogurt. Teachers (N=19, response rate=38.0%) rated the SNAP-Ed education programs favorably

An examination of family nutrition programs implemented by Mississippi State University Extension Service in Jackson public schools

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) includes programs and educational curricula that promote healthy behaviors for people receiving nutrition assistance benefits, or eligible for benefits. This study investigated whether information given to children through SNAP-Ed nutrition education programs implemented in schools was taken home to educate parents. After programs were delivered to students by Mississippi State University Extension Service Nutrition Educators, parents (N=302, response rate=43.1%) of elementary students in eight public schools in Jackson, Mississippi, reported changes they made in their households. These changes included eating more fruits and vegetables or trying different fruits and vegetables, and being more physically active (p\u3c0.001). A majority (63.9%) of parents reported that after their children participated in nutrition education programs, their children talked to them about healthy foods, and 73.2% reported their children asked for more fruits, vegetables, milk, or yogurt. Teachers (N=19, response rate=38.0%) rated the SNAP-Ed education programs favorably

Proof of a Stable Fixed Point for Strongly Correlated Electron Matter

We establish the Hatsugai-Kohmoto model as a stable quartic fixed point (distinct from Wilson-Fisher) by computing the $\beta-$function in the presence of perturbing local interactions. In vicinity of the half-filled doped Mott state, the $\beta-$function vanishes for all local interactions regardless of their sign. The only flow away from the HK model is through the superconducting channel which lifts the spin degeneracy as does any ordering tendency. The superconducting instability is identical to that established previously\cite{nat1}. A corollary of this work is that Hubbard repulsive interactions flow into the HK stable fixed point in the vicinity of half-filling. Consequently, although the HK model has all-to-all interactions, nothing local destroys it. The consilience with Hubbard arises because both models break the $Z_2$ symmetry on a Fermi surface, the HK model being the simplest to do so. Indeed, the simplicity of the HK model belies its robustness and generality

Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in gravitational-wave detectors

Long-baseline laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are operating at a factor of 10 (in amplitude) above the standard quantum limit (SQL) within a broad frequency band. Such a low classical noise budget has already allowed the creation of a controlled 2.7 kg macroscopic oscillator with an effective eigenfrequency of 150 Hz and an occupation number of 200. This result, along with the prospect for further improvements, heralds the new possibility of experimentally probing macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) - quantum mechanical behavior of objects in the realm of everyday experience - using gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper, we provide the mathematical foundation for the first step of a MQM experiment: the preparation of a macroscopic test mass into a nearly minimum-Heisenberg-limited Gaussian quantum state, which is possible if the interferometer's classical noise beats the SQL in a broad frequency band. Our formalism, based on Wiener filtering, allows a straightforward conversion from the classical noise budget of a laser interferometer, in terms of noise spectra, into the strategy for quantum state preparation, and the quality of the prepared state. Using this formalism, we consider how Gaussian entanglement can be built among two macroscopic test masses, and the performance of the planned Advanced LIGO interferometers in quantum-state preparation

Benefícios e oportunidades metodológicos da aplicação do PCN de arte e a proposta triangular no Ensino Fundamental I

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Artes Visuais, 2012.A disciplina de Arte no Ensino Fundamental I apresenta uma série de objetivos a serem alcançados, tendo como principal referência os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) de Arte para o ciclo I. Juntamente com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, o estudo da arte-educadora Ana Mae Barbosa que aborda a Proposta Triangular, apresenta alternativas para que o ensino de artes seja desenvolvido de acordo com a realidade do educando através da experimentação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, através de uma pesquisa de campo e estudo teórico, traçar diretrizes que levarão o educador a compreender e refletir sobre os principais desafios que para a inserção destas metodologias na prática escolar dos professores de 1º ao 5º Ano do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal José Sebastião Herrera, localizada em Itapeva/SP, e que foi objeto da pesquisa de campo. Além disso, serão apontados os benefícios que este processo trará aos alunos e profissionais envolvidos na implantação de seus métodos, diante das dificuldades apresentadas pelos professores em desenvolver o processo de ensino e aprendizagem na disciplina de Artes, perante a escassez de recursos materiais, da falta de formação continuada e de aptidão com a disciplina, entre outros fatores. Os dados foram levantados por meio de pesquisa de campo com todos os professores de Ensino Fundamental I, direção e coordenação da escola. Durante o período de pesquisa, onde foram elaborados os questionários e observações de planos de aula, ocorreu a predominância do ensino das Artes Visuais em suas aulas, com pouco envolvimento da música, dança e teatro. Noventa por cento dos professores pesquisados mostraram estratégias aproximadas da proposta triangular de Ana Mae Barbosa. No entanto, a leitura de imagem foi pouco explorada. A partir desses dados, foram apresentadas algumas estratégias para que o processo de ensino em artes de acordo com os PCN e a proposta triangular possa acontecer

Tumor protein D54 defines a new class of intracellular transport vesicles

Transport of proteins and lipids from one membrane compartment to another is via intracellular vesicles. We investigated the function of tumor protein D54 (TPD54/TPD52L2) and found that TPD54 was involved in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: anterograde traffic, recycling, and Golgi integrity. To understand how TPD54 controls these diverse functions, we used an inducible method to reroute TPD54 to mitochondria. Surprisingly, this manipulation resulted in the capture of many small vesicles (30 nm diameter) at the mitochondrial surface. Super-resolution imaging confirmed the presence of similarly sized TPD54-positive structures under normal conditions. It appears that TPD54 defines a new class of transport vesicle, which we term intracellular nanovesicles (INVs). INVs meet three criteria for functionality. They contain specific cargo, they have certain R-SNAREs for fusion, and they are endowed with a variety of Rab GTPases (16 out of 43 tested). The molecular heterogeneity of INVs and the diverse functions of TPD54 suggest that INVs have various membrane origins and a number of destinations. We propose that INVs are a generic class of transport vesicle that transfer cargo between these varied locations

Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height

Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits, but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait. The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P < 0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.