Entre o português como língua estrangeira e as práticas interculturais comunicativas: estudo de caso em universidade colombiana

Resumo O artigo enfoca teórico-metodologicamente uma experiência de ensino de português como língua estrangeira em universidade colombiana voltada para a formação empresarial. Trata-se de propor uma abordagem de ensino bilíngue que considere a língua como prática social e não como objeto. Nesse caso, o enfoque da experiência bilíngue considera a língua portuguesa como mediadora de encontros interculturais. A partir disso, conceitos como translinguagem e prática social foram considerados em articulação teórico-metodológica com a concepção de língua como gêneros discursivos. Buscou-se uma visão contextualizada e sensível às práticas comunicativas e interculturais. Os resultados do projeto demonstram que o processo de aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira não exige, necessariamente, que a língua tenha que ser sistematizada e autonomizada para ser ensinada. As práticas comunicativas bilíngues produzem hibridizações e amálgamas linguísticos que não devem ser vistos como “problemas”, mas como recursos que possibilitam o processo de produção, negociação e compreensão de sentidos. Palavras-chave: bilinguismo; PLE; hispanofalantes; prática comunicativa.   Between Portuguese as a foreign language and intercultural communicative practices: a case study in a Colombian university Abstract The article presents a theoretical and methodological approach to the teaching of Portuguese as foreign language in a Colombian university focused on business training. We propose a bilingual teaching approach that considers language as social practices rather than theoretical objects. In this case, the focus of the project on the bilingual experience considers Portuguese language as a mediator of intercultural encounters. Concepts such as translinguagem and social practice were considered in theoretical and methodological integration with a concept of discursive genres. The results demonstrate that the process of learning a foreign language does not necessarily require that languages be systematized to be taught. Also, the bilingual communicative practices produced linguistic hybridizations and amalgams that should not be seen as “problems”, but as resources that enable the meaning making process. Palavras-chave: bilingualism; PFL; Spanish speakers; communicative practice

AVALIAÇÃO DOS COMPONENTES NUTRICIONAIS PRESENTES NO COQUINHO DE JERIVÁ [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman, Arecaceae]

A palmeira do Jerivá [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman, Arecaceae] é uma espécie encontrada em abundância em áreas tropicais e subtropicais da América Latina. Seu fruto amarelado é comestível e possui polpa fibrosa, doce e suculenta, sendo seus conhecimentos nutricionais ainda escassos na literatura. Este estudo tem como objetivo a determinação da composição nutricional da polpa da fruta e da farinha produzida com a espécie, a fim de avaliar suas características mais relevantes para uma possível aplicação industrial. Foram colhidos frutos maduros e suas polpas foram submetidas a análises de determinação de umidade, lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos, fibras e minerais, o mesmo foi determinado para a farinha. A polpa do Jerivá é majoritariamente composta por carboidratos totais e água, já a farinha demonstra, além de uma alta porcentagem de carboidratos, uma grande quantidade de fibras, essas que podem representar um grande potencial industrial relacionado a fonte de fibras de uma dieta nutricional. Além disso, os produtos derivados do jerivá podem se destacar devido às propriedades funcionais da espécie já identificadas na literatura

Perfil do paciente da região metropolitana submetido ao exame de espirometria

Telemedicin

Descriptive epidemiology of selected birth defects, areas of Lombardy, Italy, 1999

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Birth defects are a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality in Italy, however little is known of the etiology of most defects. Improvements in diagnosis have revealed increasing numbers of clinically insignificant defects, while improvements in treatment have increased the survival of those with more serious and complex defects. For etiological studies, prevention, and management, it is important to have population-based monitoring which provides reliable data on the prevalence at birth of such defects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We recently initiated population-based birth defect monitoring in the Provinces of Mantova, Sondrio and Varese of the Region of Lombardy, northern Italy, and report data for the first year of operation (1999). The registry uses all-electronic source files (hospital discharge files, death certificates, regional health files, and pathology reports) and a proven case-generation methodology, which is described.</p> <p>The data were checked manually by consulting clinical records in hospitals. Completeness was checked against birth certificates by capture-recapture. Data on cases were coded according to the four-digit malformation codes of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). We present data only on selected defects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found 246 selected birth defects in 12,008 live births in 1999, 148 among boys and 98 among girls. Congenital heart defects (particularly septal defects) were the most common (90.8/10,000), followed by defects of the genitourinary tract (34.1/10, 000) (particularly hypospadias in boys), digestive system (23.3/10,000) and central nervous system (14.9/10,000), orofacial clefts (10.8/10,000) and Down syndrome (8.3/10,000). Completeness was satisfactory: analysis of birth certificates resulted in the addition of two birth defect cases to the registry.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first population-based analysis on selected major birth defects in the Region. The high birth prevalences for septal heart defect and hypospadias are probably due to the inclusion of minor defects and lack of coding standardization; the latter problem also seems important for other defects. However the data produced are useful for estimating the demands made on the health system by babies with birth defects.</p

1000 Genomes-based meta-analysis identifies 10 novel loci for kidney function

HapMap imputed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed &gt;50 loci at which common variants with minor allele frequency &gt;5% are associated with kidney function. GWAS using more complete reference sets for imputation, such as those from The 1000 Genomes project, promise to identify novel loci that have been missed by previous efforts. To investigate the value of such a more complete variant catalog, we conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of kidney function based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 110,517 European ancestry participants using 1000 Genomes imputed data. We identified 10 novel loci with p-value &lt; 5 × 10(-8) previously missed by HapMap-based GWAS. Six of these loci (HOXD8, ARL15, PIK3R1, EYA4, ASTN2, and EPB41L3) are tagged by common SNPs unique to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. Using pathway analysis, we identified 39 significant (FDR &lt; 0.05) genes and 127 significantly (FDR &lt; 0.05) enriched gene sets, which were missed by our previous analyses. Among those, the 10 identified novel genes are part of pathways of kidney development, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiac septum development and glucose metabolism. These results highlight the utility of re-imputing from denser reference panels, until whole-genome sequencing becomes feasible in large samples

Integration of genome-wide association studies with biological knowledge identifies six novel genes related to kidney function

In conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analytical approaches leveraging biological information may further understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical traits. To discover novel associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function, we developed a strategy for integrating prior biological knowledge into the existing GWAS data for eGFR from the CKDGen Consortium. Our strategy focuses on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes that are connected by functional evidence, determined by literature mining and gene ontology (GO) hierarchies, to genes near previously validated eGFR associations. It then requires association thresholds consistent with multiple testing, and finally evaluates novel candidates by independent replication. Among the samples of European ancestry, we identified a genome-wide significant SNP in FBXL20 (P = 5.6 × 10−9) in meta-analysis of all available data, and additional SNPs at the INHBC, LRP2, PLEKHA1, SLC3A2 and SLC7A6 genes meeting multiple-testing corrected significance for replication and overall P-values of 4.5 × 10−4-2.2 × 10−7. Neither the novel PLEKHA1 nor FBXL20 associations, both further supported by association with eGFR among African Americans and with transcript abundance, would have been implicated by eGFR candidate gene approaches. LRP2, encoding the megalin receptor, was identified through connection with the previously known eGFR gene DAB2 and extends understanding of the megalin system in kidney function. These findings highlight integration of existing genome-wide association data with independent biological knowledge to uncover novel candidate eGFR associations, including candidates lacking known connections to kidney-specific pathways. The strategy may also be applicable to other clinical phenotypes, although more testing will be needed to assess its potential for discovery in genera