The substitution effect from the profit function in consumption: Expressions from the marshallian, hicksian, and frischian demand functions

In the context of the optimizing behaviour assumption of individuals (Becker, 1976), three types of demand functions appear: Marshallian, Hicksian, and Frischian functions (Sproule, 2013). The Substitution Effect (SE) is a relevant concept, with our short paper developing two alternative theoretical expressions, specifically focusing on the Profit Function in Consumption and the Frischian functions. I address the fact that these demand functions with constant marginal utility of income play a very relevant role in the inter-temporal context

Daily feelings of US workers and commuting time

Introduction: Millions of individuals commute every day in the US. Despite commuting has been shown to have negative consequences for workers, no evidence has been about how commuting is related to feelings in other episodes. We analyzed the relationship between the feelings reported by American workers throughout the day and the time devoted to commuting. Methods: We used the Well-Being Module of the American Time Use Survey for the years 2010, 2012, and 2013, and analized the relationship between commuting duration and the feelings reported (e.g, . happiness, sadness, stress, fatigue and pain) in both commuting and non-commuting episodes. Results: We found that more time spent on the daily commute was related to higher levels of fatigue and stress during commuting, while also being associated with higher levels of sadness and fatigue during activities of child care. In particular, we found that a 1% increase in the time devoted to commuting during the episode was related to increases of 12 percent and 13 percent of a standard deviation for stress and fatigue, while a 1% increase in the time devoted to commuting during the day was related to increases of 5 percent and 7 percent of one standard deviation in the levels of sadness and fatigue during child care activities. Conclusions: Our results indicated that longer commutes may be related to higher levels of stress and fatigue of workers, which may in turn affect the quality of the time parents devote to caring for their children

On the Relationship between Violent Conflict and Wages in Colombia

We analyse how forced displacements caused by violent conflict are related to the wages of workers in Colombia. Using data from the Quality of Life Survey (2011–2014), we analyse the differences in wages between those forced by violence to move to other regions, and those who moved for other reasons. We apply Propensity Score Matching techniques to compare workers from the two groups, finding that forced displacement is related to decreases of between 10 and 29 per cent in the wages of males, and between 18 and 37 per cent in the wages of females, relative to their counterparts. Thus, forced displacements are related to poorer labour market outcomes in terms of wages

Mente y cerebro en la Neurociencia contemporánea. Una aproximación a su estudio interdisciplinar.

El imponente desarrollo de la Neurociencia en los ultimos decenios ba puesto en evidencia su necesidad de recurrir a la interdisciplinariedad para abordar los desaffos que se le presentan. Entre ellos se encuentran aquellos que se refieren a cuestiones decisivas para la comprensidn del bombre. En este artfculo se defiende que, para abordarlas con eficacia, es preciso ampliar la cooperacidn entre las ciencias mas alld del ambito de las disciplinas experimentales. Como ilustracidn de esta tesis, tras una introduccidn sobre la importancia de la Neurociencia en nuestros dfas, se afronta uno de los aspectos mds relevantes para la comprensidn del papel que juega el cerebro en la vida y la conducta del bombre: el problema de la conciencia. La exposicion se estructura senalando el marco en que se plantea este problema, para despues explicar sumariamente cdmo lo ban tratado la Neurociencia y la Filosoffa. Finalmente, se presentan algunas sugerencias para desarrollar de forma fructffera un estudio interdisciplinar que permita a cada una de las ciencias implicadas realizar adecuadamente su propia aportación

Neurociencia y libertad. Una aproximación interdisciplinar

Para muchos neurocientíficos y filósofos de la mente, el fenómeno de la libertad puede ser explicado totalmente por la Neurociencia. En este trabajo se intenta mostrar que un estudio cuidadoso de la situación y perspectivas de la Neurociencia revela hasta qué punto esta tesis es problemática. Para ello, exploramos algunos aspectos relacionados con el conocimiento, la integración afectivo-emocional, las funciones de la memoria y la autoconciencia, que se vinculan al ejercicio del libre albedrío. Señalamos, en primer lugar, que las nuevas técnicas de neuroimagen no han conseguido mostrar el funcionamiento de nuestro cerebro en su conjunto y de manera unitaria, ni desde el punto de vista cognitivo ni en el campo de la afectividad o la memoria. Esto invita a considerar las conclusiones de sus análisis como altamente hipotéticas. A continuación, nos adentramos en el fenómeno de la autoconciencia, decisivo para indagar sobre la autodeterminación y el libre albedrío. Se muestra aquí también cómo este aspecto de nuestra constitución psicológica excede los recursos de una neurobiología reduccionista. Se concluye, por tanto, que aunque el ejercicio de la libertad humana precisa del adecuado funcionamiento de nuestra constitución cerebral, esto no excluye el componente de inmaterialidad que supone conocer y decidir

Tiempo, conciencia y libertad: consideraciones en torno a los experimentos de B.Libet y colaboradores

This paper discusses the experiment of Libet and his colleagues on conscious decisions and others inspired in it. The discussion concentrates especially on two tapies. Firstly, the relationship between consciousness and time, and second, the idea of freedom which is presupposed in those experiments

GEICAM Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in Spain. During the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, patients with BC still require timely treatment and follow-up; however, hospitals are overwhelmed with infected patients and, if exposed, patients with BC are at higher risk for infection and serious complications if infected. Thus, health care providers need to evaluate each BC treatment and in-hospital visit to minimize pandemic-associated risks while maintaining adequate treatment efficacy. Here we present a set of guidelines regarding available options for BC patient management and treatment by BC subtype in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to the lack of evidence about COVID-19 infection, these recommendations are mainly based on expert opinion, medical organizations’ and societies’ recommendations, and some published evidence. We consider this a useful tool to facilitate medical decision making in this health crisis situation we are facing

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Measurement of the View the tt production cross-section using eμ events with b-tagged jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper describes a measurement of the inclusive top quark pair production cross-section (σtt¯) with a data sample of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV, collected in 2015 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This measurement uses events with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state. Jets containing b-quarks are tagged using an algorithm based on track impact parameters and reconstructed secondary vertices. The numbers of events with exactly one and exactly two b-tagged jets are counted and used to determine simultaneously σtt¯ and the efficiency to reconstruct and b-tag a jet from a top quark decay, thereby minimising the associated systematic uncertainties. The cross-section is measured to be: σtt¯ = 818 ± 8 (stat) ± 27 (syst) ± 19 (lumi) ± 12 (beam) pb, where the four uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total relative uncertainty of 4.4%. The result is consistent with theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. A fiducial measurement corresponding to the experimental acceptance of the leptons is also presented