213 research outputs found
Making SPIFFI SPIFFIER: Upgrade of the SPIFFI instrument for use in ERIS and performance analysis from re-commissioning
SPIFFI is an AO-fed integral field spectrograph operating as part of SINFONI
on the VLT, which will be upgraded and reused as SPIFFIER in the new VLT
instrument ERIS. In January 2016, we used new technology developments to
perform an early upgrade to optical subsystems in the SPIFFI instrument so
ongoing scientific programs can make use of enhanced performance before ERIS
arrives in 2020. We report on the upgraded components and the performance of
SPIFFI after the upgrade, including gains in throughput and spatial and
spectral resolution. We show results from re-commissioning, highlighting the
potential for scientific programs to use the capabilities of the upgraded
SPIFFI. Finally, we discuss the additional upgrades for SPIFFIER which will be
implemented before it is integrated into ERIS.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Proceedings from SPIE Astronomical Telescopes
and Instrumentation 201
Balancing family with a successful career in neuroscience.
After years of hard work as a student and postdoc, stressful negotiations and restless nights of agony regarding your academic future, you managed to secure a Principal Investigator (PI) position and establish your own laboratory. And just when you thought you could relax a bit and enjoy some time with your family, or start a family, you find yourself facing massive levels of responsibility added to your research, that demand most of your time and energy. The challenge to balance a successful career with a happy family life is not a trivial one.The FENSâKavli Network of Excellence is supported by FENS, the Kavli Foundation, Alzheimer's Research UK, the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) and Roche. P.P. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (StG 311435 dEMORY). J.G. is supported by the European Research Council (StG 678832 REMOTE MEMORY TRACES), an MQ fellow award, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the National Competence Center for Research in Switzerland SYNAPSY, the SYNAPSIS Foundation, the BĂ©atrice EdererâWeber Stiftung, the Alzheimer's Association as well as by an Independent Investigator Award from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. I.H.âO. is supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant CoG 681577 PSYCHOCELL. D.B. is supported by the Wellcome Trust. G.L.âB. is supported by the European Research Council, ERCâ2014âCoG 647012 and the Spanish MINECO BFU2012â34298 grant
Position-sensitive ion detection in precision Penning trap mass spectrometry
A commercial, position-sensitive ion detector was used for the first time for
the time-of-flight ion-cyclotron resonance detection technique in Penning trap
mass spectrometry. In this work, the characteristics of the detector and its
implementation in a Penning trap mass spectrometer will be presented. In
addition, simulations and experimental studies concerning the observation of
ions ejected from a Penning trap are described. This will allow for a precise
monitoring of the state of ion motion in the trap.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figure
A high-resolution image time series of the Gorner Glacier â Swiss Alps â derived from repeated unmanned aerial vehicle surveys
Modern drone technology provides an efficient means to monitor the response
of alpine glaciers to climate warming. Here we present a new topographic
dataset based on images collected during 10 UAV surveys of the
Gorner Glacier glacial system
(Switzerland) carried out approximately every 2 weeks throughout the summer
of 2017. The final products, available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2630456
(Benoit et al., 2018), consist of a series of 10 cm resolution orthoimages,
digital elevation models of the glacier surface, and maps of ice surface displacement. Used on its own, this dataset allows mapping of the glacier
and monitoring surface velocities over the summer at a very high spatial
resolution. Coupled with a classification or feature detection algorithm, it
enables the extraction of structures such as surface drainage networks,
debris, or snow cover. The approach we present can be used in the future to
gain insights into ice flow dynamics.</p
TRIGA-SPEC: A setup for mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy at the research reactor TRIGA Mainz
The research reactor TRIGA Mainz is an ideal facility to provide neutron-rich
nuclides with production rates sufficiently large for mass spectrometric and
laser spectroscopic studies. Within the TRIGA-SPEC project, a Penning trap as
well as a beam line for collinear laser spectroscopy are being installed.
Several new developments will ensure high sensitivity of the trap setup
enabling mass measurements even on a single ion. Besides neutron-rich fission
products produced in the reactor, also heavy nuclides such as 235-U or 252-Cf
can be investigated for the first time with an off-line ion source. The data
provided by the mass measurements will be of interest for astrophysical
calculations on the rapid neutron-capture process as well as for tests of mass
models in the heavy-mass region. The laser spectroscopic measurements will
yield model-independent information on nuclear ground-state properties such as
nuclear moments and charge radii of neutron-rich nuclei of refractory elements
far from stability. This publication describes the experimental setup as well
as its present status.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figure
Mass measurements on neutron-deficient Sr and neutron-rich Sn isotopes with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer
Detection of Transgenerational Spermatogenic Inheritance of Adult Male Acquired CNS Gene Expression Characteristics Using a Drosophila Systems Model
Available instances of inheritance of epigenetic transgenerational phenotype are limited to environmental exposures during embryonic and adult gonadal development. Adult exposures can also affect gametogenesis and thereby potentially result in reprogramming of the germline. Although examples of epigenetic effects on gametogenesis exist, it is notable that transgenerational inheritance of environment-induced adult phenotype has not yet been reported. Epigenetic codes are considered to be critical in neural plasticity. A Drosophila systems model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced long-term brain plasticity has recently been described. In this model, chronic PTZ treatment of adult males causes alterations in CNS transcriptome. Here, we describe our search for transgenerational spermatogenic inheritance of PTZ induced gene expression phenotype acquired by adult Drosophila males. We generated CNS transcriptomic profiles of F1 adults after treating F0 adult males with PTZ and of F2 adults resulting from a cross between F1 males and normal females. Surprisingly, microarray clustering showed F1 male profile as closest to F1 female and F0 male profile closest to F2 male. Differentially expressed genes in F1 males, F1 females and F2 males showed significant overlap with those caused by PTZ. Interestingly, microarray evidence also led to the identification of upregulated rRNA in F2 males. Next, we generated microarray expression profiles of adult testis from F0 and F1 males. Further surprising, clustering of CNS and testis profiles and matching of differentially expressed genes in them provided evidence of a spermatogenic mechanism in the transgenerational effect observed. To our knowledge, we report for the first time detection of transgenerational spermatogenic inheritance of adult acquired somatic gene expression characteristic. The Drosophila systems model offers an excellent opportunity to understand the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. The finding that adult acquired transcriptomic alteration in soma is spermatogenically inherited across generations has potential implications in human health and evolution
Simulating future salinity dynamics in a coastal marshland under different climate scenarios
Salinization is a wellâknown problem in agricultural areas worldwide. In the last 20â30 yr, rising salinity in the upper, unconfined aquifer has been observed in the Freepsumer Meer, a grassland near the German North Sea coast. For investigating longâterm development of salinity and water balance during 1961â2099, the oneâdimensional SoilâWaterâAtmosphereâPlant (SWAP) model was set up and calibrated for a soil column in the area. The model setup involves a deep aquifer as the source of salt through upward seepage. In the vertical salt transport equation, dispersion and advection are included. Six different regional outputs of statistical downscaling methods were used as climate scenarios. These comprise different rates of increasing surface temperature and different trends in seasonal rainfall. The simulation results exhibit opposing salinity trends for topsoil and deeper layers. Although projections of some scenarios entail decreasing salinities near the surface, most of them project a rise in subsoil salinity, with the strongest trends of up to +0.9 mg cmâ3 100 yrâ1 at â65 cm. The results suggest that topsoil salinity trends in the study area are affected by the magnitude of winter rainfall trends, whereas high subsoil salinities correspond to low winter rainfall and high summer temperature. How these projected trends affect the vegetation and thereby future land use will depend on the future management of groundwater levels in the area
Atomic mass measurements of short-lived nuclides around the doubly-magic 208Pb
Accurate atomic mass measurements of neutron-deficient and neutron-rich
nuclides around the doubly-magic 208Pb and of neutron-rich cesium isotopes were
performed with the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. The
masses of 145,147Cs, 181,183Tl, 186Tlm, 187Tl, 196Tlm, 205Tl, 197Pbm, 208Pb,
190 to 197Bi, 209,215,216Bi, 203,205,229Fr, and 214,229,230Ra were determined.
The obtained relative mass uncertainty in the range of to is not only required for safe identification of isomeric states
but also allows mapping the detailed structure of the mass surface. A mass
adjustment procedure was carried out and the results included into the Atomic
Mass Evaluation. The resulting separation energies are discussed and the mass
spectrometric and laser spectroscopic data are examined for possible
correlations.Comment: 40 pages, 20 figures, accept. for publication in Nucl. Phys.
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