760 research outputs found
Detecting spatial patterns of land cover and methane fluxes with remote sensing in Pallastunturi, Finland
Northern peatlands are a large source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere and can vary strongly
depending on local environmental conditions. However, few studies have mapped fine-grained CH4
fluxes at the landscape-level. The aim of this study was to predict land cover and CH4 flux patterns
in Pallastunturi, Finland, in a study area dominated by forests, peatlands, fells, and lakes. I used
random forest models to map land cover types and CH4 fluxes with multi-source remote sensing
data and upscaled CH4 fluxes based on land cover maps. The random forest classifier reliably
detected the same land cover patterns as the CORINE Land Cover maps. The main differences
between the land cover maps were forest type classification, misclassification between neighboring
peatland types, and detection of sparsely vegetated areas on fells. The upscaled CH4 fluxes of sinks
were very robust to changes in land cover classification, but shrub tundra and peatland CH4 fluxes
were sensitive to the level of detail in the land cover classification. The random forest regression
performed well (NRMSE 6.6%, R2 82%) and predicted similar CH4 flux patterns as the upscaled
CH4 flux maps, despite predicting larger areas that act as CH4 sources than the upscaled CH4 flux
maps. The random forest regressor also better predicted CH4 fluxes in peatlands due to added
information about soil moisture content from the remote sensing data. Random forests are a good
model choice to detect landscape patterns and predict CH4 patterns in northern peatlands based
on remote sensing and topographic data
Nomination and Confirmation of Supreme Court Justices: Some Personal Observations
The following remarks were delivered on October 13, 1992, on the occasion of the first Frank M. Coffin Lecture on Law and Public Service, henceforth to be an annual event at the University of Maine School of Law. The speech was written by the late Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., who died a few weeks before the speech was to be given. The speech was presented by his widow, Olie Rauh, and their son, Michael Rauh
Adverbial reinforcement of demonstratives in dialectal German
In the German dialects of Rhine and Moselle Franconian, demonstratives are reinforced by locative adverbs do/lo ‘here/there’ in order to emphasize their deictic strength. Interestingly, these adverbs can also appear in the intermediate position, i.e., between the demonstrative and the noun (e.g. das do Bier ‘that there beer’), which is not possible in most other varieties of European German. Our questionnaire study and several written and oral sources suggest that reinforcement has become mandatory in demonstrative contexts. We analyze this grammaticalization process as reanalysis of do/lo from a lexical head to the head of a functional Index Phrase. We also show that a functional DP-shell can better cope with this kind of syntactic change and with certain serialization facts concerning adjoined adjectives
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