Catches of albacore at different times of the day

The purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that diel variations occur in the catches of albacore by boats trolling surface jigs off Oregon. Although albacore fishermen talk of "morning bites" and "evening bites," no published data exist, to our knowledge, confirming these trends. Studies on the feeding habits of tunas, however, provide evidence for intense feeding activity during certain periods of the day. Based on the quantity of food in stomachs, Iverson (1962) concluded that major feeding periods of albacore occurred in early morning and late afternoon-evening. Similarly, Nakamura (1965) and Dragovich (1970) found evidence for morning and late afternoon peaks in the stomach fullness of skipjack and yellowfin tunas. Food consumption of captive skipjack was greatest between 0630 and 0830 h, and skipjack tuna in only one of three tanks fed intensively in late afternoon (Magnuson 1969). This was in agreement with Uda (1940) who reported that catches of skipjack tuna with pole and live bait peaked in early morning hours and were usually followed by successively lower peaks later in the day

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV

The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p > 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 < η < 5 is determined to be ϭ acc = 62:2 ± 0:2 ± 2:5mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section ϭ inel = 75:4 ± 3:0 ± 4:5mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV is also reported

Брахитерапия низкой и высокой мощности дозы в комбинации с дистанционной лучевой терапией и андроген-депривационной терапией у больных раком предстательной железы высокого риска

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) in the Russian Federation takes the leading place in the prevalence of cancer among the male population.Objective: to investigate the effect of increasing a single focal dose in high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in combination with external beam radiotherapy on biochemical failure-free survival and local control in patients with high-risk PCa. Materials and methods. The study included 350 men with PCa in the group of high and extremely high risk of progression. All patients included in the study were divided into 4 groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 included 276 patients who received HDR-BT with a 192Ir source with a single dose per fraction: 10 Gy (n = 83), 12 Gy (n = 46) and 15 Gy (n = 147). Group 4 included 74 patients who received low-dose-rate brachytherapy with 125I sources up to a total focal dose of 110 Gy. At the 2 stage, external beam radiotherapy was a conventional fractionation (single dose of 2 Gy, total - 44-46 Gy).Results. Of 350 patients over a 5-year follow-up period, PCa recurrence was noted in 65 (18.6 %). The 3- and 5-year biochemical failure-free survival rates in the general cohort of patients were 87.4 and 81.4 %. 5-year biochemical failure-free survival was significantly higher in group 3 relative to group 4 and amounted to 89.8 and 74.2 % (p = 0.03). Increasing the dose for HDR-BT from 10 to 12 Gy per fraction significantly reduced the frequency of local relapses from 15.7 % (in group 1) to 2.2 % (in group 2) (p = 0.0001) while maintaining the level of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion. The use of a combination of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy in patients with high risk PCa is highly effective in achieving local control of the tumor. The optimal fractionation regime for HDR-BT remains a matter of debate. The use of 15 Gy per fraction for HDR-BT in combination with external beam radiotherapy is the most optimal fractionation regimen in patients with high-risk PCa.Введение. Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) в России продолжает занимать лидирующее место по распространенности среди онкологических заболеваний мужского населения.Цель исследования - изучить влияние увеличения разовой очаговой дозы при брахитерапии высокой мощности дозы (HDR-БТ) в комбинации с дистанционной лучевой терапией на безрецидивную выживаемость и локальный контроль над опухолью у больных РПЖ высокого риска прогрессирования.Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 350 мужчин с РПЖ группы высокого и крайне высокого риска прогрессирования. Все пациенты были разделены на 4 группы. В 1, 2 и 3-ю группы вошли 276 пациентов, которым в качестве boost применялась HDR-БТ источником 192Ir с разовой дозой за 1 фракцию 10 Гр (n = 83), 12 Гр (n = 46) и 15 Гр (n = 147) соответственно. В 4-ю группу вошли 74 пациента, которым использовалась брахитерапия низкой мощности дозы источниками 125I до суммарной очаговой дозы 110 Гр. На 2-м этапе проводилась дистанционная лучевая терапия на зону предстательной железы и регионарного лимфооттока в стандартном режиме фракционирования (разовая доза 2 Гр, суммарная доза 44-46 Гр).Результаты. Из 350 пациентов за 5 лет наблюдения рецидив РПЖ отмечен у 65 (18,6 %) больных. В общей когорте пациентов 3- и 5-летняя специфическая выживаемость по уровню простатического специфического антигена (ПСА) составила 87,4 и 81,4 % соответственно. ПСА-специфическая 5-летняя выживаемость была достоверно выше в 3-й группе, чем в 4-й, и составила 89,8 и 74,2 % соответственно (р = 0,03). Увеличение дозы при HDR-БТ с 10 до 12 Гр за фракцию достоверно снизило частоту локальных рецидивов с 15,7 % (в 1-й группе) до 2,2 % (во 2-й группе) (p = 0,0001) при сохранении уровня генитоуринарной и гастроинтестинальной токсичности.Заключение. Применение комбинации брахитерапии и дистанционной лучевой терапии у больных РПЖ высокого риска прогрессирования характеризуется высокой эффективностью в достижении локального контроля над опухолью. Оптимальный режим фракционирования при HDR-БТ остается предметом обсуждения. Использование дозы 15 Гр за фракцию при HDR-БТ в комбинации с дистанционной лучевой терапией является наиболее оптимальным режимом фракционирования у больных РПЖ высокого риска

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ РАДИОТЕРАПИИ НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФИЛЬТРАТИВНЫХ ГЛИОМ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА НИЗКОЙ СТЕПЕНИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННОСТИ WHO GRADE II

The purpose of the study was to develop more effective fractionation regimens and radiation therapy programs in the treatment of infiltrative low-grade gliomas (WHO grade II). Material and methods. The study included 53 patients with morphologically verified supratentorial infiltrative low-grade gliomas (WHO grade II). Diffuse astrocytoma was diagnosed in 35 (66 %) patients, oligoastrocytoma in 7 (13 %) patients and oligodendroglioma in 11 (21 %) patients. Results. The overall survival (OS) was influenced by fractionated radiotherapy regimens (conventionally fractionated versus hypofractionated radiotherapy) (p=0.000) and type of radiotherapy (3D conformal versus 2D radiotherapy) (p=0.023). Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the equivalent total dose (LQ-model) and OS (p=0.068). Risk factors proposed by the Association of Russian oncologists (р=0.947) and the extent of surgical excision (р=0.423) had no significant impact on the overall survival. Conclusion. Conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (2 Gy per fraction daily) significantly improved the OS compared to hypofractionated radiotherapy (3 Gy per fraction daily). The value of α/β ratio=6.8 Gy can be used to calculate the total dose using a linear-quadratic model.Цель исследования – разработка новых эффективных режимов фракционирования и программ радиотерапии, направленных на повышение эффективности результатов комбинированного лечения больных с супратенториальными инфильтративными глиомами низкой степени злокачественности WHO Grade II. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 53 пациента с морфологически верифицированной астроцитомой (66 %), олигодендроглиомой (21 %) и олигоастроцитомой (13 %) WHO Grade II головного мозга. Результаты. Статистически значимо влияли на показатели общей выживаемости (ОВ) такие параметры радиотерапии, как режим фракционирования (р=0,000) и методики радиотерапии (р=0,023). Уровень суммарной очаговой дозы (СОД) оказал влияние на показатели ОВ, близкие к статистически значимому (р=0,068). Группы прогноза, предложенные ассоциацией онкологов России (АОР) (р=0,947), и степень хирургической резекции (р=0,423) значимо не влияли на показатели ОВ. Заключение. Проведение радиотерапии в режиме гипофракционирования ухудшает результаты лечения по сравнению со стандартным режимом фракционирования. Значение α/β=6,8 Гр может быть использовано для расчета уровня СОД при помощи LQ-модели в клинической практике

Observation of the Decay Λ0b→Λ+cτ−¯ν

The first observation of the semileptonic b-baryon decay Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ, with a significance of 6.1σ, is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3 fb-1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC. The τ- lepton is reconstructed in the hadronic decay to three charged pions. The ratio K=B(Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ)/B(Λb0→Λc+π-π+π-) is measured to be 2.46±0.27±0.40, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The branching fraction B(Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ)=(1.50±0.16±0.25±0.23)% is obtained, where the third uncertainty is from the external branching fraction of the normalization channel Λb0→Λc+π-π+π-. The ratio of semileptonic branching fractions R(Λc+)B(Λb0→Λc+τ-ν¯τ)/B(Λb0→Λc+μ-ν¯μ) is derived to be 0.242±0.026±0.040±0.059, where the external branching fraction uncertainty from the channel Λb0→Λc+μ-ν¯μ contributes to the last term. This result is in agreement with the standard model prediction

Evidence for an ηc(1 S) π- resonance in B0→ ηc(1 S) K+π- decays

A Dalitz plot analysis of B0→ηc(1S)K+π- decays is performed using data samples of pp collisions collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of s=7,8 and 13TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.7fb-1. A satisfactory description of the data is obtained when including a contribution representing an exotic ηc(1 S) π- resonant state. The significance of this exotic resonance is more than three standard deviations, while its mass and width are 4096±20-22+18MeV and 152±58-35+60MeV, respectively. The spin-parity assignments JP= 0 + and JP= 1 - are both consistent with the data. In addition, the first measurement of the B0→ηc(1S)K+π- branching fraction is performed and gives B(B0→ηc(1S)K+π-)=(5.73±0.24±0.13±0.66)×10-4,where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to limited knowledge of external branching fractions

Evidence for the decay BS0→K‾∗0μ+μ− {B}_S^0\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}

International audienceA search for the decay ${B}_S^0\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}$ is presented using data sets corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.6 fb$^{−1}$ of integrated luminosity collected during pp collisions with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. An excess is found over the background-only hypothesis with a significance of 3.4 standard deviations. The branching fraction of the ${B}_S^0\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}$ decay is determined to be $\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({B}_s^0\to {\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=\left[2.9\pm 1.0\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.2\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.3\left(\mathrm{norm}\right)\right]\times {10}^{-8}$ , where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The third uncertainty is due to limited knowledge of external parameters used to normalise the branching fraction measurement