Datos y metadatos de investigación en ciencias sociales y humanidades: una aproximación desde los repositorios temáticos de datos

This paper studies research data repositories in the social sciences and humanities (SSH), from the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data), paying particular attention to metadata models used to describe the datasets included in them. 397 repositories are reviewed at the general level, including those of a multidisciplinary nature. We discuss and reflect on the special features of research data in these disciplines, and on coverage and information collected by re3data. The metadata schemas and standards most commonly used in SSH repositories are analyzed, with special emphasis on the six main repositories.Se estudian los repositorios de datos de investigación en ciencias sociales y humanidades (CSH), recogidos en el Registro de repositorios de datos de investigación (re3data), prestando especial atención a los modelos de metadatos que utilizan para describir los datasets incluidos en ellos. Se revisan a nivel global los 397 repositorios que, según re3data, recogen datos de investigación sobre esas disciplinas, incluidos, los de carácter multidisciplinar. Se discute y reflexiona sobre las particularidades de los datos de investigación en estas disciplinas y sobre la cobertura e información que recoge re3data. Se analizan los esquemas y estándares de metadatos más utilizados en los repositorios de CSH, con un análisis más pormenorizado de los seis repositorios de datos especializados más importantes.This work is part of the project Curator-e: custody and digital management for the reuse of open data research in the humanities and social sciences, funded by the Spanish State Program of Research, Development and Innovation Facing Society Challenges, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Mineco), Spain (CSO2013-46754-R)

La intervención de la comunicación aumentativa y alternativa en el traumatismo craneoencefálico

Las personas que sobreviven a un traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) pueden presentar trastornos significativos de la comunicación que dependen del tamaño y severidad de la lesión y del nivel resultante de funcionamiento cognitivo. Los trastornos comunicativos generan una restricción en la participación en las actividades diarias y en la reintegración familiar, social y laboral. Ante las necesidades comunicativas insatisfechas derivadas de estos trastornos, el uso de la Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa (CAA) es una opción a considerar a lo largo del proceso de recuperación para compensar las necesidades temporales o permanentes, y llevar al máximo potencial la comunicación para la interacción social. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la variedad de herramientas y estrategias de CAA para una buena valoración e intervención de los supervivientes a un TCE, siguiendo el marco organizativo de estrategias de intervención que incluye los niveles de estimulación, de estructuración y compensatorio, y no las tradicionales fases del modelo de recuperación, y que ha sido descrito en esta área de trabajo por Fager y sus colaboradores (Fager, 2005; Fager y Beukelman, 2005; Fager y Karantounis, 2010; Fager, Doyle, y Karantounis, 2007). Con este trabajo se pretende realizar una contribución a la intervención logopédica, en tanto en cuanto no existen documentos en español que describan y resuman las diferentes estrategias de valoración e intervención de la CAA en población con daño cerebral por TCE

The twitches in school communications. Teachers? and families? perception.

Resumen: En este trabajo se aborda una de las consecuencias de la llegada de las TIC al mundo educativo menos estudiada hasta el momento: los cambios que estas están produciendo en las relaciones familia-escuela al promover nuevas formas de comunicación o, de manera paralela, fórmulas diversas para aumentar su implicación y participación. En concreto, se analiza la percepción que familias y profesorado de distintas etapas educativas tienen de las TIC en sus comunicaciones, atendiendo a su uso, adecuación y temáticas abordadas. Así mismo, se indaga en la relación entre la percepción de las relaciones en la comunidad educativa, la valoración de las TIC y temáticas abordadas en las comunicaciones. Los resultados evidencian diferencias en función de la etapa analizada, así como también ciertas similitudes y concordancias en las percepciones de familias y profesorado. De esta manera, se identifica que la comunicación en Educación Secundaria se concentra en el control y seguimiento en mayor medida que en Primaria, nivel en el que el intercambio de información sobre actividades extraescolares, materiales o distintos aspectos del centro es una temática habitual a la que el profesorado dedica más atención. Los medios percibidos como menos idóneos son las redes sociales y los mensajes de WhatsApp. Se concluye valorando la necesidad de fomentar la participación en el centro escolar reforzando el uso adecuado de las TIC, con el fin último de favorecer el abordaje de temáticas que vayan más allá del control y seguimiento escolar

Survival of Moss Reproductive Structures under Simulated Martian Environmental Conditions and Extreme Thermal Stress: Vibrational Spectroscopic Study and Astrobiological Implications

The principal goal of astrobiology is the search for extraterrestrial life forms. A key aspect is the study of the ability of different kinds of terrestrial organisms to support simulated extraterrestrial environmental conditions. Mosses are multicellular green plants, poorly studied from an astrobiological perspective. In this paper, we report experimental results obtained using two species of moss, which demonstrate that both the spores of the moss Funaria hygrometrica as well as the desiccated vegetative gametophyte shoots of the moss Tortella squarrosa (=Pleurochaete squarrosa) were capable of resisting Simulated Martian Environmental Conditions (SMEC): Mars simulated atmospheric composition 99.9% CO2, and 0.6% H2O with a pressure of 7 mbars, -73 ºC and UV irradiation of 30 mW cm-2 in a wavelength range of 200-400 nm under a limited short time of exposition of 2 hours. After being exposed to SMEC and then transferred to an appropriate growth medium, the F. hygrometrica spores germinated, producing typical gametophyte protonemal cells and leafy shoots. Likewise, detached leaves from SMEC-exposed gametophyte shoots of T. squarrosa retained the ability to produce new protonemata and shoots under suitable growth conditions. Furthermore, we studied the tolerance of these moss structures to a thermal stress of 100 °C for 1 h; in both cases the spores and shoots were capable of resisting this heat treatment. Our study using FT-Raman and FT-IR vibrational spectroscopy demonstrated that neither spores nor shoots apparently suffered significant damage in their biomolecular makeup after being subject to these stress treatments. The implications of these findings for the search of life on Mars are discussed

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Growth of F. sporotrichioides and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Treatments with Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Films Containing Pure Components of Essential Oils

The efficacy of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer films (EVOH) incorporating the essential oil components cinnamaldehyde (CINHO), citral (CIT), isoeugenol (IEG), or linalool (LIN) to control growth rate (GR) and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium sporotrichioides cultured on oat grains under different temperature (28, 20, and 15 °C) and water activity (aw) (0.99 and 0.96) regimes was assayed. GR in controls/treatments usually increased with increasing temperature, regardless of aw, but no significant differences concerning aw were found. Toxin production decreased with increasing temperature. The effectiveness of films to control fungal GR and toxin production was as follows: EVOH-CIT > EVOH-CINHO > EVOH-IEG > EVOH-LIN. With few exceptions, effective doses of EVOH-CIT, EVOH-CINHO, and EVOH-IEG films to reduce/inhibit GR by 50%, 90%, and 100% (ED50, ED90, and ED100) ranged from 515 to 3330 µg/culture in Petri dish (25 g oat grains) depending on film type, aw, and temperature. ED90 and ED100 of EVOH-LIN were >3330 µg/fungal culture. The potential of several machine learning (ML) methods to predict F. sporotrichioides GR and T-2 and HT-2 toxin production under the assayed conditions was comparatively analyzed. XGBoost and random forest attained the best performance, support vector machine and neural network ranked third or fourth depending on the output, while multiple linear regression proved to be the worst

Myths about sexual aggression, sexual assertiveness and sexual violence in adolescent romantic relationships

Abstract: Sexual violence is a worldwide health and social issue. However, little is known about the sexual violence that occurs in the context of romantic relationships. This study analyzes the existence of sexual violence in adolescents? Romantic relationships, the possible associations between such violence (both committed and su ered) and myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness, and the possible gender-related distinctions. A sample of 329 students aged between 15 and 19 (M = 16.3; SD = 0.79) was surveyed; all participants were in a romantic relationship when the data were collected. The results reveal that both genders report the existence of sexual violence in their romantic relationships; however, in heterosexual relationships, males were more often the perpetrators of sexual violence. Additionally, myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness were found to be significantly associated with both perpetration and victimization. Accordingly, these predictors should be focal points in prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence. The findings of this study show the de-prioritization of sexuality education in the Spanish educational system, as well as the need to strengthen the competence of adolescents in this area

Las redes sociales en la biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás. CSIC

Sección: En directoEl impacto de la web social en la transmisión de información y en la comunicación entre personas es de tal magnitud en la actualidad que las bibliotecas no pueden ni deben mantenerse al margen y desaprovechar todas las posibilidades que les ofrece. En este artículo queremos presentar cómo se ha aplicado la web social en la Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás (BTNT) y cómo esta ha convertido a las redes sociales en un aliado para aumentar su visibilidad. En el momento actual la biblioteca sigue buscando nuevas fórmulas para sacar el máximo partido de sus herramientas fomentando el conocimiento de su colección bibliográfica y sus fondos de archivo. La BTNT, perteneciente a la Red de Bibliotecas y Archivos del CSIC, es una biblioteca de investigación en las áreas de humanidades y ciencias sociales (HCS). A pesar del interés de sus fondos y del volumen [1] de su colección, la BTNT no ha alcanzado todavía el nivel de difusión e impacto que correspondería a una biblioteca de su importancia, especialidad y tamaño. Este fue uno de los motivos que llevaron a la BTNT a plantearse aprovechar, desde su inicio, las oportunidades que ofrecen las herramientas de la web social.N

Social sciences and humanities research data and metadata: A perspective from thematic data repositories

Se estudian los repositorios de datos de investigación en ciencias sociales y humanidades (CSH), recogidos en el Registro de repositorios de datos de investigación (re3data), prestando especial atención a los modelos de metadatos que utilizan para describir los datasets incluidos en ellos. Se revisan a nivel global los 397 repositorios que, según re3data, recogen datos de investigación sobre esas disciplinas, incluidos, los de carácter multidisciplinar. Se discute y reflexiona sobre las particularidades de los datos de investigación en estas disciplinas y sobre la cobertura e información que recoge re3data. Se analizan los esquemas y estándares de metadatos más utilizados en los repositorios de CSH, con un análisis más pormenorizado de los seis repositorios de datos especializados más importantes.This paper studies research data repositories in the social sciences and humanities (SSH), from the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data), paying particular attention to metadata models used to describe the datasets included in them. 397 repositories are reviewed at the general level, including those of a multidisciplinary nature. We discuss and reflect on the special features of research data in these disciplines, and on coverage and information collected by re3data. The metadata schemas and standards most commonly used in SSH repositories are analyzed, with special emphasis on the six main repositories.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto Curator-e: custodia y gestión digital para la reutilización de datos abiertos de investigación en humanidades y ciencias sociales, financiado por el Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad (Mineco, España) (CSO2013-46754-R)

Brazilian melon landraces resistant to Podosphaera xanthii are unique germplasm resources

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [FULL CITE], which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Podosphaera xanthii is the most important causal agent of powdery mildew in melon, a crop ranked within the most economically important species worldwide. The best strategy to face this fungus disease, which causes important production losses, is the development of genetically resistant cultivars. Genetic breeding programmes require sources of resistance, and a few ones have been reported in melon, mostly in Momordica and Acidulus horticultural groups. However, the existence of many races that reduces the durability of the resistance makes necessary to find new resistant genotypes with different genetic backgrounds. In this work, Brazilian germplasm, together with a set of Indian landraces, and the COMAV¿s (Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity) melon core collection, representing the whole variability of the species, were assessed for resistance against some common races in Spain and Brazil and genotyped with a 123-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) genotyping platform to study the molecular relationships of the resistant accessions. In the first experiment, carried out in Valencia (Spain) in 2013, seventy-nine melon accessions were evaluated using artificial inoculation. Five accessions selected as resistant were also evaluated against races 1, 3, and 5 in Mossoró (Brazil, 2015) and against race 3.5 in Valencia (2016) under greenhouse conditions, and under four field conditions in Brazil. The accessions, AL-1, BA-3, CE-3, and RN-2, within the Brazilian collection, presented resistance against all the races of P. xanthii assayed in all conditions tested. AL-1, CE-3 and RN-2 were molecularly more similar to wild agrestis and Acidulus melons from Asia and Africa, while BA-3 grouped with Momordica types. Molecular analysis also confirmed that these new Brazilian sources of resistance differ from those previously reported, constituting interesting materials to encourage genetic breeding programmes, especially in Brazil and Spain.This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq ( Processes: 485739/2013-5; 312315/2013-9) and CAPES-DPGU (294/2013) and by the projects funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-53398-C2-1-R and AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R (jointly funded by FEDER). We also thank Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda for the inoculum source for the different P. xanthii races employed.Nunes, EWLP.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Ricarte, AO.; Martínez-Pérez, EM.; Gómez-Guillamon, ML.; Nunes, GHS.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2017). Brazilian melon landraces resistant to Podosphaera xanthii are unique germplasm resources. Annals of Applied Biology. 171(2):214-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12370S214228171

Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies as a reproducible independent type of rheumatoid arthritis autoantibodies

A large fraction of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develop specific autoantibodies, which until recently were only of two types, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). We aimed to replicate important findings about a recently described third type of specific autoantibodies, anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, because they have been described based only in the homemade ELISA from a single laboratory. Our study included 520 patients with established RA and 278 healthy controls of Spanish ancestry and it was done with an independently performed ELISA. The prevalence and pattern of environmental, clinical and genetic associations of the anti-CarP antibodies were similar to the previously described. Notably, the presence and titers of anti-CarP correlated with the presence and titers of ACPA, but the anti-CarP antibodies did not share the known genetic and exposure risk factors of the ACPA. In addition, anti-CarP antibodies were independently associated with a higher (10.5%) prevalence of bone erosions. The reproducibility of these characteristics across laboratories and European subpopulations, indicates the wide validity of the results and suggests that determination of anti-CarP antibodies could contribute to explain RA pathogenesis and identify clinically relevant patient subgroups.Funding was provided by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, PI14/01651; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RD12/0009/0008. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S