Optimum Patterns of Distribution for Feeder Cattle

Agricultural Economic

Optimum Distribution Patterns for Feeder Cattle

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Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) prevalence and quantitative detection of DNA proviral load in individuals with indeterminate/positive serological results

BACKGROUND: HTLV-1 infection is currently restricted to endemic areas. To define the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in patients living in Italy, we first carried out a retrospective serological analysis in a group of people originating from African countries referred to our hospital from January 2003 to February 2005. We subsequently applied a real time PCR on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with positive or indeterminate serological results. METHODS: All the sera were first analysed by serological methods (ELISA and/or Western Blotting) and then the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with positive or inconclusive serological results were analyzed for the presence of proviral DNA by a sensitive SYBR Green real time PCR. In addition, twenty HTLV-I ELISA negative samples were assayed by real time PCR approach as negative controls. RESULTS: Serological results disclosed serum reactivity by ELISA (absorbance values equal or greater than the cut-off value) in 9 out of 3408 individuals attending the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic and/or Oncology Department, and 2 out 534 blood donors enrolled as a control population. Irrespective of positive or inconclusive serological results, all these subjects were analyzed for the presence of proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by SYBR real time PCR. A clear-cut positive result for the presence of HTLV-1 DNA was obtained in two subjects from endemic areas. CONCLUSION: SYBR real time PCR cut short inconclusive serological results. This rapid and inexpensive assay showed an excellent linear dynamic range, specificity and reproducibility readily revealing and quantifying the presence of virus in PBMCs. Our results highlight the need to monitor the presence of HTLV-1 in countries which have seen a large influx of immigrants in recent years. Epidemiological surveillance and correct diagnosis are recommended to verify the prevalence and incidence of a new undesirable phenomenon

Korelasi Kadar Ion Kalsium Serum dengan Dimensi, Fungsi Sistol dan Diastol Ventrikel Kiri pada Thalassemia Mayor dengan Hemosiderosis

Latar belakang. Kalsium berperan penting dalam kontraksi miokardium. Besi bebas/non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) pada thalassemia mayor (TM) dengan kelebihan besi (hemosiderosis) masuk ke dalam sel jantung menggunakan L-typ e calcium channel (LTCC) sehingga mengganggu transportasi kalsium. Tujuan. Menganalisis korelasi kadar ion kalsium serum dengan dimensi, fungsi sistol, dan diastol ventrikel kiri pada TM yang sudah mengalami hemosiderosis. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan dari Desember 2014–Januari 2015 melibatkan 67 kasus TMusia 7–14 tahun yang disertai hemosiderosis. Pemeriksaan kadar ion kalsium serum menggunakan metode ion selective electrode (ISE) dan pemeriksaan dimensi serta fungsi jantung menggunakan ekokardiografi 2 dimensi, M-mode, dan Doppler oleh dokter spesialis kardiologi anak. Analisis korelasi dengan uji Spearman dan Pearson. Hasil. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara kadar ion kalsium serum dan left ventricular posterior wall thickness/LVPWd (r=-0,25; p=0,04). Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara kadar ion kalsium serum dan ejection fraction/EF (r=-0,294; p=0,016) serta fractional shortening/FS (r=-0,252; p=0,039), tetapi tidak dengan fungsi diastol (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Semakin rendah kadar ion kalsium serum maka semakin tinggi nilai LVWP, EF, dan FS. Kadar ion kalsium serum tidak berkorelasi dengan fungsi diastol