“All Very Tricky Technically”: Samuel Beckett and Technology

10311

Caracterização física e sensorial do café produzido nas condições topoclimáticas de Jesuitas, Paraná

Climatic variations influence formation and maturation of coffee grains by altering their intrinsic characteristics, which call allow for several types of coffee qualities, including the potential for production of special coffee. This study was carried out to verify the effect of environmental conditions and crop cultivation on chemical composition and their consequences in cup quality of coffees from region of Jesuitas, Parana State. During the same crop season this study was accomplished (2002-2003), cup quality was evaluated among the producers in several coffee-growing municipalities in Parana State. It was observed that 86% of samples were classified simply as "soft" (smooth flavor) or "hard" (bolder flavor), and 14% were classified as rioysh/rio (strong unpleasant taste). The results concluded that the practices adopted by producers, who have collaborated with the study, reflected positively oil the final cup quality, when compared to the overall quality results in the State. The climatic conditions and practices of crop management and harvest ill the Jesuitas region made for bolder coffee with low acidity, comparable to high quality coffees produced in Brazil and abroad

Physical and sensory characterization of coffee produced in the topoclimatic conditions at Jesuitas, Parana State (Brazil)

Climatic variations influence formation and maturation of coffee grains by altering their intrinsic characteristics, which call allow for several types of coffee qualities, including the potential for production of special coffee. This study was carried out to verify the effect of environmental conditions and crop cultivation on chemical composition and their consequences in cup quality of coffees from region of Jesuitas, Parana State. During the same crop season this study was accomplished (2002-2003), cup quality was evaluated among the producers in several coffee-growing municipalities in Parana State. It was observed that 86% of samples were classified simply as ""soft"" (smooth flavor) or ""hard"" (bolder flavor), and 14% were classified as rioysh/rio (strong unpleasant taste). The results concluded that the practices adopted by producers, who have collaborated with the study, reflected positively oil the final cup quality, when compared to the overall quality results in the State. The climatic conditions and practices of crop management and harvest ill the Jesuitas region made for bolder coffee with low acidity, comparable to high quality coffees produced in Brazil and abroad

Consórcio de Urochloas com milho em sistema plantio direto

Uma alternativa para suprir o aporte anual de palha exigido para manutenção do sistema plantio direto (SPD), nas regiões tropicais, é o cultivo de milho consorciado com urochloas. Com o objetivo de identificar o melhor sistema de cultivo de duas espécies forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha e Urochloa ruzizienses) em consórcio com o milho (Zea mays L.) em sistema plantio direto, foi realizada a presente pesquisa. O milho foi semeado em consórcio com as forrageiras em cinco sistemas de cultivo. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (2x4+1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas: massa seca de palha do milho, massa seca da palha de urochloa, massa seca total de palha, população de plantas de milho, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Os resultados demonstraram que o consórcio de milho com urochloa não apresentou efeito negativo na produtividade do milho e incrementou o aporte de matéria seca no sistema de produção sob plantio direto. A escolha de determinado sistema de cultivo depende do gerenciamento e da disponibilidade de máquinas, visto que todos os sistemas apresentaram comportamento positivo em relação à produtividade de grãos e à produção de palhada.An alternative to supply the annual input of straw required to maintain the no-tillage system (SPD) in the tropics is the cultivation of maize intercropped with Urochloa. In order to identify the best cropping system of two forage species (Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa ruzizienses) intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) in no tillage system, the present study was conducted. Maize was seeded intercropped with forage in five cropping systems. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in factorial scheme (2x4+1) with four replications. There were evaluated: dry mass of maize straw, dry mass of urochloa straw, total dry mass of straw, maize plant population, mass of 1000 grain and grain yield. The results showed that maize intercropped with urochloa had no negative effect on grain yield and increased the input of dry matter in the production system under no-tillage system. The choice of a particular cropping system depends on the management and availability of machines, since all systems showed positive behavior in respect of grain yield and straw production

Nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na nutrição e na produção de mudas de laranjeira 'Valência', enxertada sobre citrumeleiro 'Swingle' Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nutrition and production of seedlings of 'Valencia' orange

O experimento foi conduzido em estufa telada na FCAV/Unesp Câmpus Jaboticabal-SP, durante o período de novembro de 2005 a janeiro de 2007. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar componentes do desenvolvimento e do estado nutricional de mudas de laranjeira 'Valência', enxertada sobre citrumeleiro 'Swingle', cultivado em substrato, em função de doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3³ + 1, sendo 3 fatores (nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio), 3 doses e uma testemunha (sem adubação), com 3 repetições. A unidade experimental foi constituída de uma muda de laranjeira por sacolas de 5 dm-3, contendo 2,5 kg de substrato casca de Pinus e vermiculita. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das seguintes doses de nutrientes em mg por dm³ de substrato: N1/2:459, N1:918 e N2:1836; P1/2:92, P1:184 e P2: 368; K1/2:438, K1:876 e K2:1752. Aos 424 dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram divididas em raízes e parte aérea para a determinação da massa da matéria seca, altura, área foliar, diâmetro do caule e conteúdo de nutrientes. As adubações com N, P e K proporcionaram maior crescimento e maior acúmulo de N, P e K na parte aérea e nas raízes das mudas de laranjeira, em substrato de casca de Pinus e vermiculita, em relação à testemunha. A dose de 459 mg dm-3 de N e as doses de P e K 184 e 876 mg dm-3, respectivamente, proporcionaram melhor crescimento da parte aérea das mudas; porém, na dose recomendada de N de 918 mg dm-3, ocorreu maior crescimento do sistema radicular.<br>The experiment was led in a protected greenhouse in the FCAV/Unesp, Jaboticabal Campus -SP, during the period of November of 2005 to January of 2007. The study objective was to evaluate the development of components and the nutritional state of seedlings of 'Valencia' orange grafted on lemon tree citrumelo 'Swingle' rootstock, in function of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in factorial scheme 3³ + 1, being 3 factors (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - NPK), 3 levels and a witness (without fertilization), with 3 replications. The experimental unit was constituted of a 'Valencia' sweet orange seedling grafted on lemon tree citrumelo 'Swingle' rootstock in a bag with 2,5 kg of substratum. The treatments were constituted of application of the following doses of nutrients in mg for dm³ of substratum: N1/2:459, N1:918 and N2:1836; P1/2:92, P1:184 and P2: 368; K1/2:438, K1:876 and K2:1752. In the 424 days after the planting, the plants were divided in root and aerial part for the determination of the mass of the dry matter, height, leaf area, diameter of the stem and content of nutritious. The fertilization with N, P and K provided larger growth and larger accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part and in the roots of the orange tree seedlings, in substratum of Pinus bark and vermiculite. In the orange tree ' Valencia' grafted on lemon tree citrumelo 'Swingle' the half of the recommended dose of N (459 mg dm-3) and, the recommended dose of P and K (184 and 876 mg dm-3), respectively, provided better growth of the aerial part of the seedlings; however, in the recommended dose of N of 918 mg dm-3, it happened larger growth of the root system

Immunotherapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles

10.3389/fimmu.2014.00518Frontiers in Immunology5OCT51