Análisis de las fuentes de información Internacional en la prensa española. Las primeras guerras del siglo XXI

This work describes the analysis of the sources of three national media, Abc, El Mundo and El País, and one regional, the Heraldo de Aragón, about the early twenty-firt century wars. The result of the quantitative study of 337 chronic press coverage of Alfonso Rojo, Juan Cierco, Gervasio Sánchez and Ángeles Espinosa. The qualitative approach based in 11 in-depth interviews with the authors of the chronicles and other journalists. The conclusions and their interpretations is the space for discussion: know the sources of information used and the degree of decision of the reporters.El presente trabajo expone el análisis de las fuentes de información que tres medios nacionales, Abc, El Mundo y El País, y uno regional, el Heraldo de Aragón, hicieron en las primeras guerras del siglo XXI. El objeto de este estudio se aborda a través de un análisis cuantitativo de 337 crónicas en prensa de las coberturas de Alfonso Rojo, Juan Cierco, Gervasio Sánchez y Ángeles Espinosa; y del enfoque cualitativo, de 11 entrevistas en profundidad a los autores de las crónicas y otros periodistas. Las conclusiones y sus interpretaciones se centran en las fuentes de información más utilizadas y el grado de decisión de los reporteros

El reportero como testigo directo: de la invasión de Irak a la Primavera Árabe en Libia (2003-2011)

El presente artículo recoge el trabajo del reportero desde el análisis de tres medios nacionales, Abc, El Mundo y El País, y uno regional, Heraldo de Aragón, y profundiza en la experiencia del fotógrafo freelance Manu Brabo en la Primavera Árabe en Libia. Los resultados parten del estudio cuantitativo de 308 crónicas de las siguientes coberturas: Alfonso Rojo en la invasión de Irak de 2003, Juan Cierco en la Segunda Intifada de 2000, Gervasio Sánchez en la guerra civil en Sierra Leona en 2000-2001 y Ángeles Espinosa en la caída de los Talibán en 2001, que se completan con el estudio cualitativo de 7 entrevistas en profundidad. Entre las conclusiones se plantea la repercusión y posición de las informaciones del reportero respecto al resto de fuentes o los riesgos que asume como testigo directo de la guerra.This work describes the analysis of the sources of three national media, Abc, El Mundo and El País, and one regional, the Heraldo de Aragón, about the early twenty-first century wars. The result of the quantitative study of 308 chronic press coverage of Alfonso Rojo, Juan Cierco, Gervasio Sánchez and Ángeles Espinosa. The qualitative approach based in 7 in-depth interviews with journalists. The conclusions and their interpretations is the space for discussion: know the importance of journalist as an eyewitness

What do Female Consumers Think about Sustainable Packaging?

La revista forma se publica como parte de Emerging Trends in Marketing and Management International Conference[ES] This study explores the level of knowledge among Spanish consumers regarding sustainability and their opinions on new sustainable packaging options, such as bio-based materials or bagasse. We conducted an online questionnaire at a national level, followed by multivariate analysis to derive conclusive results. Our findings, based on 254 participants, indicate that only 44% of consumers integrate sustainability into their daily lives. Key characteristics deemed important for sustainable packaging include environmental friendliness (85%), use of clean energy (72.5%), ease of reuse (85.8%), and recyclable materials (80.8%). Factor analysis reveals three categories: manufacturing characteristics, security, and price. Cluster analysis identifies two groups: one concerned with container safety and another seeking achievable sustainability.S

Does Ecological Agriculture Moderate the Relationship between Wine Tourism and Economic Performance? A Structural Equation Analysis Applied to the Ribera del Duero Wine Context

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of wine tourism activity on economic performance in the wine context of Ribera del Duero (Spain), as well as the mediating effect of ecological agriculture on this link. To this end, a conceptual model is proposed based on the literature review carried out and contrasted through structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with data from 263 wineries, which in turn represent the population under study. The study results allow for us to empirically demonstrate the positive and significant relationship of wine tourism on performance, as well as the partial mediation of ecological agriculture in this relationship. The study thus contributes to the academic literature in a remarkable way given that, to our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have addressed the mediating role of ecological agriculture in the wine tourism–economic performance link. However, the research also suffers from certain limitations. In particular, given the relevance of the study, it is necessary to broaden its geographical scope so that, as a future line of research, it is proposed to contextualize the model proposed in the California wine industry, being able to subsequently establish similarities and differences in the Old and New World

Does Ecological Agriculture Moderate the Relationship between Wine Tourism and Economic Performance? A Structural Equation Analysis Applied to the Ribera del Duero Wine Context

[EN] The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of wine tourism activity on economic performance in the wine context of Ribera del Duero (Spain), as well as the mediating effect of ecological agriculture on this link. To this end, a conceptual model is proposed based on the literature review carried out and contrasted through structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with data from 263 wineries, which in turn represent the population under study. The study results allow for us to empirically demonstrate the positive and significant relationship of wine tourism on performance, as well as the partial mediation of ecological agriculture in this relationship. The study thus contributes to the academic literature in a remarkable way given that, to our knowledge, there are no previous studies that have addressed the mediating role of ecological agriculture in the wine tourism–economic performance link. However, the research also suffers from certain limitations. In particular, given the relevance of the study, it is necessary to broaden its geographical scope so that, as a future line of research, it is proposed to contextualize the model proposed in the California wine industry, being able to subsequently establish similarities and differences in the Old and New World.S

Hearing loss after intratympanic gentamicin in Ménière's disease. Retrospective study

Introduction and objective: Ménière's disease (MS) is characterized by recurrent vertigo attacks with tinnitus, hearing loss and aural fullness. Among the therapeutic options, intratympanic injection of gentamicin (ITG) will be discussed, among others. The objective is to evaluate hearing loss after ITG in patients with MS. Method: 33 patients of the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Service of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca will be studied, all of them with definitive MS to whom ITG was administered. Hearing loss will be assessed one month after the ITG, at 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: Of the 33 patients analyzed, 78.8% had unilateral MS; 21.2%, bilateral. 48.5% were women; 51.5%, men. 39.4% had already been treated with betahistine and corticosteroids. 9 patients presented Tumarkin crisis before ITG. The PTA (Pure Tone Average) prior to ITG administration was compared with that obtained at 2 years and hearing decreased from 57.50 dB to 62.58 dB. 9 patients required a second round of ITG, with a hearing loss ranging from 66.72 dB to 68.96 dB. And after this, 3 patients needed a third wave, hearing from 63.75dB to 72.50 dB. Conclusions: The use of ITG in MS causes a fall in PTA of around 5 dB at the expense of an improvement in the frequency and intensity of vertigo attacks./nIntroducción y objetivo: La enfermedad de Ménière (EM) se caracteriza por crisis de vértigo recurrentes acompañadas de acúfenos, pérdida de audición y sensacio?n de plenitud o?tica. Dentro de las opciones terapéuticas se hablará, entre otras, de inyección de gentamicina intratimpánica (ITG). El objetivo es evaluar la pérdida de audición tras la ITG en pacientes con EM. Método: Se estudiaron 33 pacientes con EM definitiva a los cuales se les administró ITG. Se valoró la pérdida de audición al mes de la ITG, a los 6, 12 y 24 meses. Resultados: De los 33 pacientes analizados, el 78,8% presentaban EM unilateral; el 21,2%, bilateral. El 48,5% fueron mujeres; el 51,5%, hombres. El 39,4% ya habían sido tratados con betahistina y corticoides. 9 pacientes presentaron crisis de Tumarkin antes de la ITG. Se comparó el PTA (Pure Tone Average) previo a la administración de ITG con el obtenido a los 2 años y la audición disminuyó de 57,50 dB a 62,58 dB. 9 pacientes precisaron una segunda tanda de ITG, con una pérdida de audición desde 66,72 dB a 68,96 dB. Y tras esto, 3 pacientes necesitaron una tercera tanda, pasando la audición de 63,75dB a 72,50 dB. Conclusiones: La utilización de ITG en la EM y provoca una caída del PTA de alrededor de 5 dB a expensas de una mejoría en la frecuencia e intensidad de las crisis de vértigo./

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Veinte años de censura oficial y militar en Irak

El estudio sobre las fuentes de información oficiales y militares utilizadas en la guerra del Golfo de 1991 y la invasión de Irak de 2003 por Alfonso Rojo para El Mundo y desarrollado mediante análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos, se completa con el cotejo de la cobertura informativa que cinco medios de comunicación españoles y nueve internacionales hicieron sobre el día de �la rabia� iraquí de 2011. Con los resultados se pretende demostrar la hipótesis inicial sobre las dos décadas de censura informativa impuesta en Irak a los periodistas que trabajan bajo un estricto control estatal

Grandes Vinos: The "Over the Rainbow" Initiative & Corporate Philanthropy During a Tragedy

From the start of the pandemic, Grandes Vinos, the largest winery in the autonomous community of Aragón in the province of Zaragoza and one of the 60 largest wine producers in Spain, directed its efforts toward the healthcare sector with a philanthropic initiative entitled “Over the Rainbow.” The company believed the “Over the Rainbow” initiative represented one of the best opportunities to make the biggest possible societal impact in these difficult times. It would donate the proceeds from sales of wine to support the elderly and a COVID-19 vaccine development through partnerships with Médicos del Mundo and \#YoMeCorono respectively. This case study analyses the ways in which Grandes Vinos adapted to the “new normal” and how it immediately reacted to the pandemic by launching an initiative to simultaneously help the community and strengthen their brand

Finding Common Ground: The Need for Cooperation and Collaboration in the Spanish Natural Wine Industry

In fall 2018 and late spring 2019, five small natural wine producers in Spain pondered the potential for cooperation and collaboration in their segment of the wine industry. As these niche producers shared their common goals and challenges, they debated how to come to a consensus about pooling resources and working together to educate trade customers as well as the prospective natural wine consumer. Providing an overview of the Spanish wine industry and the natural wine segment, this applied research paper uses comparative case studies to explore the potential of incorporating cooperative relationships that could help these producers grow their businesses, share farming and wine-making techniques, and educate consumers about natural wines. Similar to previous cooperative relationships undertaken in other wine-producing regions, co-opetition might not only perform branding and collaborative marketing and reward entrepreneurial activities in Spain’s natural wine sector, but also carry some downsides in terms of autonomy and control over decision-making