Lived experience of a traditional female Ojibway elder

This qualitative study examined the lived experience of a traditional female Ojibway Elder and her perspectives of leadership. An emergent framework of traditional female Ojibway leadership resulted from the data, and was supported by the review of the related literature. Implicit components of the emergent framework of traditional female Ojibway leadership included culture, a belief in the Creator, community, and wisdom. Two predominant themes emerged from the data. These themes were: culture and wisdom. Culture was divided into three sub-themes. These sub-themes were: believing in the Creator, Taryn's teaching in her birth and community. Culture was considered with attention to spirituality because in traditional Ojibway culture the two complement each other in their meaning. Wisdom was discussed in terms of the importance of passing on traditional and spiritual teachings to others in her community and culture. Culture and spirituality provided the foundation on which the research participant understood her role in the world and the meaning of her life. Wisdom implied knowledge of individual roles which focused on the common good of the community. As such role specification was evident and necessary for forming parts of a whole in her community. In that process equality among community members emerged as a virtue. The emergent framework of traditional female Ojibway leadership) is presented as holistic in nature. The framework is derived from the participant’s world view and illustrates her intense personal integrity

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms