Ensilaje de pasto King Grass (Pennisetum spp.) en levante de ovinos de pelo con suplementación de tres leguminosas.

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue comparar el uso de tres leguminosas (Tithonia diversifolia, Pueraria phaseoloides, Gliricidia sepium) como suplemento alimenticio en una dieta de ensilaje de pasto King Grass (Pennisetum spp.) en engorde de ovinos de pelo. El suministro del suplemento se calculó con base al 10% del peso vivo total y fue administrado en dos porciones al día (07:00 y 17:00). Los ovinos tenían una edad y peso promedio de 5 meses y 33,89 kg, respectivamente. El pesaje se realizó durante un periodo de tiempo de dos meses. Los tratamientos para evaluar fueron cuatro con tres repeticiones, T0 = Ensilaje de pasto King Grass (testigo); T1 = Ensilaje de pasto King Grass + Botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia); T2 = Ensilaje de pasto King Grass + Kudzú tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides); T3 = Ensilaje de pasto King Grass + Yuca ratón (Gliricidia sepium). Se aplicó la prueba "t" de Student ya que es un tipo de estadística deductiva.The objective of this research was to compare the use of three legumes (Tithonia diversifolia, Pueraria phaseoloides, Gliricidia sepium) as a feed supplement in a King Grass (Pennisetum spp.) silage diet in rearing tropical sheep. The supply of the supplement was calculated based on 10% of the living weight and was administered twice per day (07:00 and 17:00). The sheep had an average age and weight of 5 months and 33.89 kg, respectively, the weighing was carried out during a period of two months. The treatments to be evaluated were four with three repetitions, T0 = King Grass silage (control); T1 = King Grass silage + Tithonia diversifolia; T2 = King Grass silage + Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides); T3 = Silage of King Grass + Gliricidia sepium. Student's "t" test was applied because of is a type of deductive statistic. The Tithonia diversifolia treatment (81.56 kg) had the lowest consumption and the highest weight gain (1.52 kg) therefore, it is the treatment that reflects the best feed conversion. Tithonia diversifolia has the best rearing yields in sheep due to its high total nitrogen content, allowing its fast degradability and fermentation at the ruminal process, which would explain the excellent feed conversion of these legumes as a supplement in the diet of ruminants

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

Questions et discussions

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Exercices pratiques de lecture allemande, par MM. Braeusiu, sous-directeur, et Dax, professeur à l’école alsacienne. — Librairie Hachette et Cie.

F. H. Exercices pratiques de lecture allemande, par MM. Braeusiu, sous-directeur, et Dax, professeur à l’école alsacienne. — Librairie Hachette et Cie. In: Manuel général de l'instruction primaire : journal hebdomadaire des instituteurs. 49e année, tome 18, 1882. p. 276

Les images scolaires

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Nécessité d’unifier l'enseignement

Frixon H. Nécessité d’unifier l'enseignement. In: Manuel général de l'instruction primaire : journal hebdomadaire des instituteurs. 67e année, tome 36, 1900. pp. 758-759

Atlas manuel de géographie moderne

F. H. Atlas manuel de géographie moderne. In: Manuel général de l'instruction primaire : journal hebdomadaire des instituteurs. 49e année, tome 18, 1882. p. 620

Éléments de géographie, par M.M. Henri Lemonnier, professeur au lycée Louis-le-Grand, et Franz Schrader. Librairie Hachette et Cie.

F. H., Ferté Henri. Éléments de géographie, par M.M. Henri Lemonnier, professeur au lycée Louis-le-Grand, et Franz Schrader. Librairie Hachette et Cie. In: Manuel général de l'instruction primaire : journal hebdomadaire des instituteurs. 50e année, tome 19, 1883. p. 383