Natural prevalence of NS3 gene resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C from the state of Para/Brazil

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The resistance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to direct-acting antiviral agents, used in chronic hepatitis C treatment, consists of a natural process resulting from resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) at specific amino acid regions. To identify and establish the natural prevalence of RASs in the NS3 gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. Molecular analysis was performed on a total of 35 patients infected with HCV genotype 1, who were treatment-naive to protease inhibitors. HCV RNA was extracted from plasma and the NS3 region was amplified and submitted to DNA sequencing (Sanger). The general natural prevalence of RASs in the NS3 gene was 37.5 % (Y56F and S122T). The substitutions Y56F (34.3 %), S122T (3.1 %), V132I (15.6 %) and V170I (9.3 %) were identified. Y56F and S122T provide resistance to the protease inhibitors grazoprevir and simeprevir, respectively. All amino acid substitutions in the NS3 gene, including RASs, identified in patients from the state of Pará were present in other Brazilian studies. The natural presence of RASs in this study reflects the elevated genetic variability of HCV

Molecular characterization of phenylketonuria patients from the North Region of Brazil: State of Para

Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism of the Federal University of Pará in the performance of laboratory testsFederal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará.Institute of Health Sciences. Faculty of Nutrition. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Belém, PA, Brazil.Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Hyperphenylalaninemias (HPA) due to PAH deficiency are accompanied by a wide variety of clinical, biochemical, and molecular features. To identify and characterize pathogenic variants in the PAH gene and establish a correlation between genotype and biochemical phenotype in patients with PKU from state of Pará in the North Region of Brazil. Methods: All 13 exons of the PAH gene from 32 patients (21 PKU and 11 non-PKU HPA) were amplified by PCR and submitted to DNA sequencing (Sanger). Biochemical data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Results: Molecular analysis identified 17 pathogenic variants and 3 nonpathogenic variants. The most frequent pathogenic variants were IVS10-11G>A (7.9%), p. Arg261Gln (7.9%), p. Val388Met (6.3%) and p. Ile65Thr (4.7%). Was observed correlations and inconsistencies between genotype and biochemical phenotype. Conclusion: In PKU patients from state of Pará, North Region of Brazil, a heterogeneous mutation spectrum was revealed, in which the most frequent mutations are variants commonly observed in other Brazilian studies and in the region of the Iberian Peninsula

Molecular investigation of occult hepatitis B virus infection in a reference center in Northern Brazil

This research was financially supported by the Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation Scholarships of the Evandro Chagas Institute and the Hepatology/IEC Department in the performance of laboratory tests.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occult HBV infection in a reference center for the Northern Brazil from 2005 to 2015 and to identify mutations associated with occult hepatitis B. Molecular analysis was performed on 110 serum samples in which anti-HBc was the only positive serological marker. Regions of the HBV genome were amplified by polymerase chain reaction to detect HBV DNA. A prevalence of 4.1% (793/18,889) for anti-HBc alone was identified. Molecular analysis revealed a prevalence of occult HBV infection of 0.04%. HBV DNA detected were identified in individuals who underwent hemodialysis, infected with the hepatitis C virus and from area of high endemicity for HBV. Direct DNA nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified that genotypes A and D and mutations E164D, I195M, P217L and P120S were associated with occult HBV infection in the S gene. This study contributed with epidemiological and molecular information on Northern Brazil samples with a suggestive profile of occult HBV infection in addition to reinforcing the importance of molecular diagnosis in this type of infectio

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections and vaccination status for hepatitis B virus in the Federal Highway Police workers, Pará State, Brazil, 2013–2014

O suporte financeiro para a execução deste estudo foi do Instituto Evandro Chagas e da Superintendência da PRF de Belém.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Superintendência Regional da Polícia Rodoviária Federal. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a soroprevalência das infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) e a resposta imune para o VHB em servidores da Polícia Rodoviária Federal do estado do Pará, Brasil. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo exploratório quantitativo, enfocando a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, desenvolvido entre novembro de 2013 e dezembro de 2014, com 221 servidores, entre policiais e auxiliares administrativos. Os participantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para realização dos testes sorológicos HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-VHC, por técnicas imunoenzimáticas. RESULTADOS: Dos servidores examinados, houve frequência de 90,0% para o sexo masculino, prevalecendo a faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos (33,5%). Constatou-se a ausência de indivíduos reagentes para HBsAg e anti-VHC, prevalência de 8,1% para anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, de 9,5% para anti-HBc+ isolado e de 42,1% para anti-HBs+ isolado. CONCLUSÃO: A detecção de marcadores de infecção pregressa do VHB na amostra indicou a circulação do vírus, e o elevado número de suscetíveis encontrado pode proporcionar o surgimento de novos infectados e/ou portadores do VHB. A ausência de circulação do VHC entre esses trabalhadores sugere que ações de prevenção e promoção à saúde devem ser desenvolvidas para o controle da infecção nessa população.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections and the immune response to HBV in Federal Highway Police workers from Pará State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive exploratory quantitative study focusing on worker health surveillance, conducted from November 2013 to December 2014, including 221 employees, policemen and administrative assistants. Blood samples were collected from the participants for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV serological tests by immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS: Of the examined workers, the higher frequency for sex was male (90.0%) and age prevalence was 41–50 years (33.5%). It was not found individuals reactive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The study showed prevalence of 8.1% for anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, 9.5% for isolated anti-HBc+, and 42.1% for isolated anti-HBs+. CONCLUSION: The detection of markers of past HBV infection in the samples indicated the circulation of this virus, and the high number of susceptible individuals found may lead to the emergence of new HBV infected individuals and/or carriers. The absence of HCV circulation among those workers suggests that prevention and health promotion actions should be developed to control the infection in this population

Soroprevalência das infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B e C e situação vacinal para o vírus da hepatite B em servidores da Polícia Rodoviária Federal, estado do Pará, Brasil, 2013-2014

O suporte financeiro para a execução deste estudo foi do Instituto Evandro Chagas e da Superintendência da PRF de Belém.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Superintendência Regional da Polícia Rodoviária Federal. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a soroprevalência das infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) e a resposta imune para o VHB em servidores da Polícia Rodoviária Federal do estado do Pará, Brasil. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo exploratório quantitativo, enfocando a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, desenvolvido entre novembro de 2013 e dezembro de 2014, com 221 servidores, entre policiais e auxiliares administrativos. Os participantes foram submetidos à coleta de sangue para realização dos testes sorológicos HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs e anti-VHC, por técnicas imunoenzimáticas. RESULTADOS: Dos servidores examinados, houve frequência de 90,0% para o sexo masculino, prevalecendo a faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos (33,5%). Constatou-se a ausência de indivíduos reagentes para HBsAg e anti-VHC, prevalência de 8,1% para anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, de 9,5% para anti-HBc+ isolado e de 42,1% para anti-HBs+ isolado. CONCLUSÃO: A detecção de marcadores de infecção pregressa do VHB na amostra indicou a circulação do vírus, e o elevado número de suscetíveis encontrado pode proporcionar o surgimento de novos infectados e/ou portadores do VHB. A ausência de circulação do VHC entre esses trabalhadores sugere que ações de prevenção e promoção à saúde devem ser desenvolvidas para o controle da infecção nessa população.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections and the immune response to HBV in Federal Highway Police workers from Pará State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive exploratory quantitative study focusing on worker health surveillance, conducted from November 2013 to December 2014, including 221 employees, policemen and administrative assistants. Blood samples were collected from the participants for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV serological tests by immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS: Of the examined workers, the higher frequency for sex was male (90.0%) and age prevalence was 41–50 years (33.5%). It was not found individuals reactive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The study showed prevalence of 8.1% for anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+, 9.5% for isolated anti-HBc+, and 42.1% for isolated anti-HBs+. CONCLUSION: The detection of markers of past HBV infection in the samples indicated the circulation of this virus, and the high number of susceptible individuals found may lead to the emergence of new HBV infected individuals and/or carriers. The absence of HCV circulation among those workers suggests that prevention and health promotion actions should be developed to control the infection in this population

The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982-1983

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilUniversidade Paulista. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Campinas, SP, Brazil / Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, BrazilHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. Although discovered in 1973, due to limitations of applicable serological and/or molecular methods, HAV remained under limited diagnosis until the late 1980s. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the serological and molecular prevalence of the HAV infection among 421 (n = 421) patients with a clinical and laboratory suspicion of acute hepatitis who were admitted in a reference laboratory in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon during 1982 and 1983. The 421 serum samples were screened for anti-HAV IgM antibodies by enzymatic immunoassays. Positive samples were submitted to total RNA purification and tested by Nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to amplify the HAV-RNA VP1-2A (522 bp) region. Anti-HAV IgM antibodies were detected in 66% (278/421) of the patients. The highest prevalence was observed among males (57.9%, 161/278), and most often among children under 10 years old (63.3%, 176/278). HAV-RNA was detected in 74.4% (207/278) of anti-HAV IgM positive samples. HAV genotyping was performed in 71 samples, and 69 were classified into subgenotype IA. Two samples belonged to the HAV subgenotype IIIA. In this sense, retrospective studies can help in understanding the evolution and determination of wild genotypes and subtypes of HAV

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq