Rol de la función mitocondrial en el corazón y sus implicaciones en disfunciones cardíacas

In this review article, we examined the role of mitochondria in the good functioning of the heart, and in the generation of various cardiac conditions, which are characterized by low energy production by the mitochondria and therefore, there is an increase in the loss of cardiomyocytes that leads to malfunction of the heart. It has been determined that certain mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with cardiac disorders are related to alterations of the oxidative phosphorylation system, as well as to the reduction of certain structural components such as cardiolipin and the formation of supercomplexes. It is estimated that about 2.3% of the Colombian population may present prevalence to heart failure. The objective of the present review is to present the investigative advances related to cardiac diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, as well the identification of different investigations directed at the creation of treatment alternatives for these pathologies, all in order to contribute to the construction of lines of work that take the mitochondria as a therapeutic target.En este artículo de revisión, examinamos el papel de la mitocondria en el buen funcionamiento del corazón, y en la generación de diversas afecciones cardíacas, las cuales están caracterizadas por una baja producción de energía por parte de las mitocondrias y, por ende, hay un aumento en la pérdida de cardiomiocitos que conlleva al mal funcionamiento del corazón. Se ha determinado, que ciertas disfunciones mitocondriales asociadas a trastornos cardíacos se relacionan con alteraciones del sistema de fosforilación oxidativa, así como, con la disminución de ciertos componentes estructurales como la cardiolipina y la formación de supercomplejos. Se estima que cerca del 2.3% de la población colombiana puede presentar una prevalencia a la falla cardíaca. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los avances investigativos relacionados con enfermedades cardíacas ocasionadas por disfunción mitocondrial, así como, la identificación de diferentes investigaciones dirigidas en la creación de alternativas de tratamiento para dichas patologías, todo esto con el fin de contribuir a la construcción de líneas de trabajo que tomen a la mitocondria como blanco terapéutico

Identificación de Fusarium cf. verticillioides como agente causal de la enfermedad Pokka boheng en caña de azúcar en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia

The cultivation of sugarcane represents an important part in the Colombian economy due to the diverse applications in industries like liquor, food, paper and biofuels. Sugarcane worldwide production is affected by the presence of phytopathogenic agents, mainly filamentous fungi such as Physalospora tucumanensis (red rot disease) and Fusarium spp. To date in Colombia, Pokka boheng disease whose causal agent is the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, has not been reported, which is why it is necessary to identify appropriately this microorganism, responsible for losses in productivity and food contamination. In order to isolate and identify the infectious agent from symptomatic tissues, disinfection and culture in liquid and solid culture mediums were performed in malt extract (2%) and yeast extract (0.2%) both liquid and solid, for 7 days. After several replicates in agar plate, a purification was made along with a morphological characterization based on the shape and color of the mycelium, as well as the type of spores generated. Additionally, the genetic material was extracted and gene markers (ITS, Elongation Factor 1-α (EF) and β-Tubulin (Btub)) were amplified by PCR. Then, DNA sequencing was used to obtain the data to make a phylogenetic reconstruction by probabilistic methods (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference). The isolated strain, named as EA-FP0013 was located in the Fujikuroi complex group, with high probable identity to Fusarium verticillioides. Thus, early and species-specific identification of these fungal isolates by molecular methods may allow the timely diagnosis of emerging pathophysiological diseases of interest in the region, and thus propose the respective control strategies.El cultivo de la caña de azúcar representa una parte importante en la economía de Colombia debido a las diversas aplicaciones en industrias como licor, alimentos, papel y biocombustibles. Su producción en todo el mundo se ve afectada por la presencia de agentes fitopatógenos, principalmente hongos filamentosos como Physalospora tucumanensis (agente causal de la enfermedad “Pudrición roja”) y Fusarium spp. Hasta la fecha, en Colombia, no se ha reportado la enfermedad de Pokka boheng en este cultivo cuyo agente causal es el hongo Fusarium verticillioides, por lo que es necesario identificar adecuadamente este microorganismo, responsable de las pérdidas en productividad y contaminación de los alimentos. Con el fin de aislar e identificar el agente infeccioso de los tejidos sintomáticos, se realizó la desinfección y posterior siembra de éstos en medios de cultivo extracto de malta (2 %) y extracto de levadura (0.2 %) tanto líquido como sólido durante 7 días. A partir de varias placas petri, se realizó la respectiva purificación y una caracterización morfológica basada en la forma y el color del micelio, así como el tipo de esporas generadas. Adicionalmente, el material genético se extrajo y se amplificaron los marcadores genéticos (ITS, factor de elongación 1-α (EF) y β-tubulina (Btub)) por PCR. Luego, se utilizó la secuenciación del ADN para obtener los datos para realizar una reconstrucción filogenética mediante métodos probabilísticos (máxima verosimilitud e inferencia bayesiana). La cepa aislada, nombrada como EA-FP0013 se localizó en el grupo del complejo Fujikuroi, con una alta identidad probable para Fusarium verticillioides. Por lo tanto, la identificación temprana y específica de especie de estos aislados fúngicos, utilizando métodos moleculares, puede permitir el diagnóstico oportuno de enfermedades fisiopatológicas emergentes de interés para la región, y así proponer las estrategias de control respectivas

Protocolos de genómica para monitoreo ambiental asociado a acciones de respuesta por impacto o contingencia ambiental formalizados y listos para ser transferidos a usuarios interesados

En este documento se describen los aspectos más relevantes para aplicar la técnica de metabarcoding en estudios de biodiversidad. En la primera sección se realiza un recuento de los aspectos relevantes en el diseño experimental propios a la técnica. En la segunda se plantea una propuesta de protocolo para la aplicación del metabarcoding, incluyendo la toma de muestra, el procesamiento molecular y el procesamiento o depuración bioinformática. El diseño de muestreo y los análisis ecológicos no son incluidos desde que estos son totalmente contexto-dependientes. En la tercera sección se describe un estudio de caso usando metabarcoding en la caracterización de microorganismos de una zona altamente contaminada por actividades relacionadas a la extracción convencional de hidrocarburos. En la cuarta parte se realiza una revisión del potencial uso del metabarcoding en el monitoreo ambiental a través insectos. Finalmente, en la quinta y última parte se exponen algunas de las perspectivas y limitaciones del uso de la técnica en Colombia. El objetivo de este documento es fomentar el uso de esta herramienta en escenarios colombianos, generando datos cuantitativos de diversidad que puedan ser incluidos en la toma de decisiones.Bogotá, ColombiaPrograma de Ciencias de la Biodiversida

Documento en extenso que incluye los resultados de la revisión de información secundaria y la obtenida en el taller con actores regionales, con la identificación de vacíos de información y prioridades de investigación y monitoreo en la cuenca del rió claro

En el marco del convenio de cooperación técnica y científica No. 19-100, celebrado entre la Fundación Grupo Argos y el Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, con el objeto de aunar esfuerzos administrativos, técnicos, financieros y de gestión para la generación de conocimiento útil en escenarios de evaluación y manejo integral de impactos sobre la biodiversidad, desde una mirada ecosistémica integral del territorio de la cuenca del río Claro (Antioquia) en los múltiples contextos socioecológicos, se ha comprometido la construcción de la línea base de información secundaria disponible sobre biodiversidad para la cuenca del río Claro, Antioquia, que incluya, entre otros, datos sobre ecología, genética, uso, conservación, distribución, uso de hábitat, impactos e información espacial, procesos ecológicos.BogotáCiencias Básicas de la Biodiversida

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 3: Dual-Phase Module

The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 3 describes the dual-phase module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report, Volume 2: Single-Phase Module

The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE far detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 2 describes the single-phase module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure

The DUNE Far Detector Interim Design Report Volume 1: Physics, Technology and Strategies

The DUNE IDR describes the proposed physics program and technical designs of the DUNE Far Detector modules in preparation for the full TDR to be published in 2019. It is intended as an intermediate milestone on the path to a full TDR, justifying the technical choices that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. These design choices will enable the DUNE experiment to make the ground-breaking discoveries that will help to answer fundamental physics questions. Volume 1 contains an executive summary that describes the general aims of this document. The remainder of this first volume provides a more detailed description of the DUNE physics program that drives the choice of detector technologies. It also includes concise outlines of two overarching systems that have not yet evolved to consortium structures: computing and calibration. Volumes 2 and 3 of this IDR describe, for the single-phase and dual-phase technologies, respectively, each detector module's subsystems, the technical coordination required for its design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume III: DUNE Far Detector Technical Coordination

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module