75 research outputs found
SGAS 143845.1+145407: A Big, Cool Starburst at Redshift 0.816
We present the discovery and a detailed multi-wavelength study of a
strongly-lensed luminous infrared galaxy at z=0.816. Unlike most known lensed
galaxies discovered at optical or near-infrared wavelengths this lensed source
is red, r-Ks = 3.9 [AB], which the data presented here demonstrate is due to
ongoing dusty star formation. The overall lensing magnification (a factor of
17) facilitates observations from the blue optical through to 500micron, fully
capturing both the stellar photospheric emission as well as the re-processed
thermal dust emission. We also present optical and near-IR spectroscopy. These
extensive data show that this lensed galaxy is in many ways typical of
IR-detected sources at z~1, with both a total luminosity and size in accordance
with other (albeit much less detailed) measurements in samples of galaxies
observed in deep fields with the Spitzer telescope. Its far-infrared spectral
energy distribution is well-fit by local templates that are an order of
magnitude less luminous than the lensed galaxy; local templates of comparable
luminosity are too hot to fit. Its size (D~7kpc) is much larger than local
luminous infrared galaxies, but in line with sizes observed for such galaxies
at z~1. The star formation appears uniform across this spatial scale. In this
source, the luminosity of which is typical of sources that dominate the cosmic
infrared background, we find that star formation is spatially extended and well
organised, quite unlike the compact merger-driven starbursts which are typical
for sources of this luminosity at z~0.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of gestational diabetes mellitus screening strategies in Singapore
10.1177/1010539515612908Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health28115-25GUSTO (Growing up towards Healthy Outcomes
Perspectives on decision making amongst older people with endâstage renal disease and caregivers in Singapore: a qualitative study
Background Endâstage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing both globally and in Asia. Singapore has the fifth highest incidence of ESRD worldwide, a trend that is predicted to rise. Older patients with ESRD are faced with a choice of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or conservative management, all of which have their risks and benefits. Objective This study seeks to explore perspectives on decision making amongst older (â„70) Singaporean ESRD patients and their caregivers to undergo (or not to undergo) dialysis. Design Qualitative study design using semiâstructured interviews. Setting and participants Twentyâthree participants were recruited from the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore: seven peritoneal dialysis patients, five haemodialysis patients, four patients on conservative management and seven caregivers. Results While some patients believed that they had made an independent treatment decision, others reported feeling like they had no choice in the matter or that they were strongly persuaded by their doctors and/or family members to undergo dialysis. Patients reported decisionâmaking factors including loss of autonomy in daily life, financial burden (on themselves or on their families), caregiving burden, alternative medicine, symptoms and disease progression. Caregivers also reported concerns about financial and caregiving burden. Discussion and conclusion This study has identified several factors that should be considered in the design and implementation of decision aids to help older ESRD patients in Singapore make informed treatment decisions, including patients' and caregivers' decisionâmaking factors as well as the relational dynamics between patients, caregivers and doctors.This research was supported by the National Medical Research Council of Singapore (Grant Number: NMRC/HSRG/0080/2017), the Lien Centre for Palliative Care at Duke NUS Medical School and the National University Health System (NUHS) Singapore Population Health Improvement Centre (SPHERiC)(Grant Number: NMRC/CG/C026/2017_NUHS)
The economic burden of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia
ContextThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia has been rising. Although the health burden of excess weight is well established, little is known about the economic burden.AimsTo assess the economic burden-both direct medical costs and the value of absenteeism and presenteeism-resulting from overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia.Settings and designThe cost of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia was estimated from a societal perspective using an epidemiologic approach.Methods and materialsData were obtained from previously published studies and secondary databases.Statistical analysis usedOverweight/obesity-attributable costs were calculated for six major noncommunicable diseases; sensitivity analyses were conducted for key model parameters.ResultsThe impact of overweight and obesity for these diseases is found to directly cost a total of 15.5 billion, equal to 0.9 percent of GDP in 2019.ConclusionsEven when limited to six diseases and a subset of total indirect costs, results indicate that overweight and obesity are a significant economic burden in Saudi Arabia. Future studies should identify strategies to reduce the health and economic burden resulting from excess weight in Saudi Arabia
SNR 1E 0102.2-7219 as an X-ray calibration standard in the 0.5â1.0 keV bandpass and its application to the CCD instruments aboard Chandra , Suzaku , Swift and XMM-Newton
Context. The flight calibration of the spectral response of charge-coupled device (CCD) instruments below 1.5 keV is difficult in general because of the lack of strong lines in the on-board calibration sources typically available. This calibration is also a function of time due to the effects of radiation damage on the CCDs and/or the accumulation of a contamination layer on the filters or CCDs.
Aims. We desire a simple comparison of the absolute effective areas of the current generation of CCD instruments onboard the following observatories: Chandra ACIS-S3, XMM-Newton (EPIC-MOS and EPIC-pn), Suzaku XIS, and Swift XRT and a straightforward comparison of the time-dependent response of these instruments across their respective mission lifetimes.
Methods. We have been using 1E 0102.2-7219, the brightest supernova remnant in the Small Magellanic Cloud, to evaluate and modify the response models of these instruments. 1E 0102.2-7219 has strong lines of O, Ne, and Mg below 1.5 keV and little or no Fe emission to complicate the spectrum. The spectrum of 1E 0102.2-7219 has been well-characterized using the RGS gratings instrument on XMM-Newton and the HETG gratings instrument on Chandra. As part of the activities of the International Astronomical Consortium for High Energy Calibration (IACHEC), we have developed a standard spectral model for 1E 0102.2-7219 and fit this model to the spectra extracted from the CCD instruments. The model is empirical in that it includes Gaussians for the identified lines, an absorption component in the Galaxy, another absorption component in the SMC, and two thermal continuum components with different temperatures. In our fits, the model is highly constrained in that only the normalizations of the four brightest lines/line complexes (the Oâvii Heα triplet, Oâviii Lyα line, the Neâix Heα triplet, and the Neâx Lyα line) and an overall normalization are allowed to vary, while all other components are fixed. We adopted this approach to provide a straightforward comparison of the measured line fluxes at these four energies. We have examined these measured line fluxes as a function of time for each instrument after applying the most recent calibrations that account for the time-dependent response of each instrument.
Results. We performed our effective area comparison with representative, early mission data when the radiation damage and contamination layers were at a minimum, except for the XMM-Newton EPIC-pn instrument which is stable in time. We found that the measured fluxes of the Oâvii Heαr line, the Oâviii Lyα line, the Neâix Heαr line, and the Neâx Lyα line generally agree to within ±10% for all instruments, with 38 of our 48 fitted normalizations within ± 10% of the IACHEC model value. We then fit all available observations of 1E 0102.2-7219 for the CCD instruments close to the on-axis position to characterize the time dependence in the 0.5â1.0 keV band. We present the measured line normalizations as a function of time for each CCD instrument so that the users may estimate the uncertainty in their measured line fluxes for the epoch of their observations
Synergies Between Galaxy Surveys and Reionization Measurements
The epoch of reionization is one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics. Here we describe how the combination of galaxy surveys and direct 21-cm measurements of reionization can illuminate numerous mysteries of this fascinating era. <p/
CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
This paper describes the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and
data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic
Legacy Survey (CANDELS). This survey is designed to document the evolution of
galaxies and black holes at , and to study Type Ia SNe beyond
. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with
extensive multiwavelength observations. The primary CANDELS data consist of
imaging obtained in the Wide Field Camera 3 / infrared channel (WFC3/IR) and
UVIS channel, along with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The
CANDELS/Deep survey covers \sim125 square arcminutes within GOODS-N and
GOODS-S, while the remainder consists of the CANDELS/Wide survey, achieving a
total of \sim800 square arcminutes across GOODS and three additional fields
(EGS, COSMOS, and UDS). We summarize the observational aspects of the survey as
motivated by the scientific goals and present a detailed description of the
data reduction procedures and products from the survey. Our data reduction
methods utilize the most up to date calibration files and image combination
procedures. We have paid special attention to correcting a range of
instrumental effects, including CTE degradation for ACS, removal of electronic
bias-striping present in ACS data after SM4, and persistence effects and other
artifacts in WFC3/IR. For each field, we release mosaics for individual epochs
and eventual mosaics containing data from all epochs combined, to facilitate
photometric variability studies and the deepest possible photometry. A more
detailed overview of the science goals and observational design of the survey
are presented in a companion paper.Comment: 39 pages, 25 figure
AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study
: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNetÂź convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNetÂź model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery
- âŠ