Tourism and industrial heritage: between local authenticity and community appropriation - The case of S. João da Madeira, Portugal

This doctoral research, within the framework of cultural tourism, focuses on the industrial heritage in the context of an industrialized territory and explores the perceptions of both the local community and the stakeholders that are involved in the planning and implementation of tourism programs. The main goal of this study is to highlight the importance of industrial heritage for tourism, so it analyzes this resource for tourism usage considering the perceptions of authenticity by the local community, particularly the historical and current endogenous resources associated with the industry. To this end, aiming a richer understanding of the research context, a case study approach was used in the municipality of São João da Madeira, northern Portugal, a pioneer destination in the implementation of industrial tourism circuits in national territory, focusing these circuits on heritage, active industry and technology centres. The present research aims to fill the gap of empirical research in cultural and heritage tourism context, specifically industrial heritage tourism, and concerning the community perceptions about their own resource’s authenticity, namely: heritage values, place identity and future behavioural intentions, using both a qualitative and quantitative approaches. The intention is also to explore and understand the key concept of the contribution of industrial tourism circuits to the development and competitiveness of an industrial territory according the stakeholders’ perspective. With this purpose, the main objectives were defined to understand the contribution of industrial tourism circuits to the development and competitiveness of an industrial territory, and to analyse the relationship between industrial heritage values and place identity as antecedents of authenticity perceived by the local community, resulting in community participation ideals and support for tourism development in São João da Madeira. These two objectives have originated four specific goals: 1) to understand the contribution and the role of industrial tourism circuits to the enhancement, value creation, differentiation and development of an industrial territory; 2) to identify the identity elements (tangible and intangible) associated with industry and industrial heritage, those capable of promoting a holistic tourism experience and potentially implemented by the destination; 3) to analyse the role of heritage values and place identity in the authenticity perceived by the local community; and 4) to analyse the importance of authenticity perceived by the local community towards their participation ideals and their support for tourism development. In order to meet these objectives, a mixed methodology was adopted with quantitative and qualitative data collection, these data being analysed, integrated, compared and discussed. This allowed taking advantages of the complementary of using both methodologies, thus improving the validity of the results and successfully addresses the central research questions. For this purpose, in the qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were applied with 10 direct stakeholders in industrial tourism circuits. As quantitative methodology, online and face-to-face questionnaires were applied to a sample of 389 individuals permanently living in the municipality of São João da Madeira. To answer the first specific objective, it was performed an interpretative analysis based on the interviews transcripts using the Webqda software. The other three specific objectives were also addressed through a quantitative analysis. A conceptual model was tested through the structural equation technique using SPSS Statistics and AMOS. From the interviews analysis it was concluded that the industrial tourism circuits stakeholders try to bring local community and the industrial tourism programmes closer, allowing the resident to participate in tourism activities whenever, due to the activity specificities, it is feasible. However, it was found that the local community has no active voice in the planning and structuring of the programmes, being called only as a consultant of the process. It should also be noted that, in the context of community interpretation, mainly in places of industrial heritage and industry open to visitors, authenticity is an essential element to be considered. It was identified that the residents understand the transformations in their heritage and are interested in preserving both its tangible and intangible elements. It was also found that a diversified tourism offer, based on differentiated industrial resources, promotes local culture and traditions, creates value for the territory, improves the image and encourages the destination sustainability while fostering, albeit indirectly, territorial development. The analysis of the results obtained, established from the eight hypotheses formulated, lead to the conclusion that heritage values and place identity, based on endogenous industrial resources, influence the residents' understanding of their territory as a tourist destination, namely when objective and existential authenticity are considered. Similarly, the results of perceived objective and perceived existential authenticity are positively and significantly correlated with community participation ideals. Also, the perceived objective authenticity proved to have a positive impact on the perception of tourism development, whereas perceived existential authenticity in tourism development perception of proved to be negative and therefore not statistically significant. Based on the results obtained through multiple methods, this research concludes that local people have the capacity, through identity assumption, to confer authenticity to endogenous resources of their territory and can play a crucial role in the decision-making process towards a sustainable tourism development. It is expected that the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of industrial tourism in Portugal with useful practical and theoretical suggestions. The discussion section highlights that the results that contribute theoretically to the deepening of the authenticity concept from the resident's perspective while, in practice, they enable planning and development strategies in industrial tourism destinations, which may, at the same time, be applicable to other community-based cultural contexts.Esta investigación doctoral dentro de la temática del turismo cultural, se centra en el patrimonio industrial en el contexto de un territorio industrializado, y explora las percepciones tanto de la comunidad local como de los agentes implicados en la planificación y ejecución de los programas turísticos. El objetivo principal de este estudio es destacar la importancia del patrimonio industrial para el turismo, por lo que se analiza este recurso para el uso turístico teniendo en cuenta las percepciones de autenticidad por parte de la comunidad local, en particular los recursos endógenos históricos y actuales asociados a la industria. Para ello, con el objetivo de comprender mejor el contexto de la investigación, se utilizó un estudio de caso en el municipio de São João da Madeira, al norte de Portugal, pionero en la implantación de circuitos de turismo industrial en el territorio nacional, sustentados en el patrimonio, la industria activa y los centros tecnológicos. La presente investigación pretende suplir la falta de investigación empírica en el contexto del turismo cultural y patrimonial, más concretamente del turismo de patrimonio industrial, en particular en lo que respecta a las percepciones de una comunidad sobre la autenticidad de sus recursos, a saber: los valores patrimoniales, la identidad del lugar y las futuras intenciones de comportamiento desde un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. También se pretende explorar y comprender un concepto clave que es la contribución de los circuitos de turismo industrial al desarrollo y a la competitividad de un territorio industrial desde la perspectiva de las partes interesadas. Con este fin, se definieron en cuanto a objetivos generales comprender la contribución de los circuitos de turismo industrial al desarrollo y la competitividad de un territorio industrial, y analizar la relación de los valores del patrimonio industrial y de la identidad del lugar como antecedentes de la autenticidad percibida por la comunidad local, teniendo como consecuencia los ideales comunitarios de participación y apoyo al desarrollo del turismo en São João da Madeira. Estos dos objetivos dieron lugar a cuatro objetivos específicos, en particular: 1) comprender la contribución y el papel de los circuitos de turismo industrial en la valorización, la creación de valor, la diferenciación y en el desarrollo de un territorio industrial; 2) identificar los elementos de identidad (tangibles e intangibles) asociados al patrimonio industrial y a la industria, capaces de promover una experiencia turística holística y potencialmente implementada por el destino; 3) analizar el papel del valor patrimonial y de la identidad del lugar en la autenticidad percibida por la comunidad local; 4) analizar la importancia de la autenticidad percibida por la comunidad local en sus ideales comunitarios de participación y en su apoyo al desarrollo turístico. Para cumplir estos objetivos, se adoptó una metodología mixta con la recogida de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, los datos fueron analizados, integrados, comparados y discutidos. Esto permitió aprovechar la complementariedad del uso de ambas metodologías, mejorando así la validez de los resultados y expone con éxito las preguntas centrales de la investigación. Para ello, en la metodología cualitativa, se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad a 10 agentes directos de los circuitos de turismo industrial. Como metodología cuantitativa, se aplicaron cuestionarios online y presenciales a una muestra de 389 individuos que residen permanentemente en el municipio de São João da Madeira. Para responder al primer objetivo específico, se realizó realizamos un análisis interpretativo basado en los discursos transcritos de las entrevistas utilizando el programa informático Webqda. También se respondió a los demás tres objetivos específicos mediante un análisis cuantitativo. El modelo conceptual se probó mediante la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando SPSS Statistics y AMOS. Del análisis de las entrevistas se concluyó que los actores de los circuitos de turismo industrial promueven, en general, un acercamiento entre la comunidad local y los programas de turismo industrial, permitiendo que el residente participe en las actividades turísticas siempre que, por las características de la actividad, sea factible. Sin embargo, se comprobó que la comunidad local no tiene una voz activa en la planificación y estructuración de los programas, siendo llamada sólo como consultora del proceso. También hay que señalar que, en el contexto de la interpretación comunitaria, concretamente en los lugares del patrimonio industrial y de la industria abierta a los visitantes, la autenticidad es un elemento clave que hay que tener en cuenta. Se ha comprobado que los residentes comprenden las transformaciones de su patrimonio y están en preservar tanto el patrimonio material como el inmaterial. Se comprobó que una oferta turística diversificada y basada en recursos industriales diferenciados impulsa la cultura y las tradiciones locales, crea valor para el territorio, mejora la imagen y promueve la sostenibilidad del destino, mientras fomenta, aunque sea indirectamente, el desarrollo territorial. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos, sobre las ocho hipótesis formuladas, permite concluir que los valores patrimoniales y la identidad del lugar, basados en los recursos industriales endógenos, influyen en la percepción que los residentes se forman de su territorio como destino turístico, concretamente cuando se considera la autenticidad objetiva y existencial. De igual modo, los resultados de la percepción de la autenticidad objetiva y existencial están correlacionados positiva y significativamente con los ideales comunitarios de participación. Asimismo, la percepción de la autenticidad objetiva también resultó tener un impacto positivo en la percepción del desarrollo turístico, mientras que la autenticidad existencial en la percepción del desarrollo turístico resultó ser negativa y, por lo tanto, no significativa estadísticamente. Con los resultados obtenidos mediante múltiples métodos, esta investigación concluye que la población local tiene el poder, a través de la asunción de la identidad, de conferir autenticidad a los recursos endógenos de su territorio y puede desempeñar un papel crucial en el proceso de toma de decisiones hacia un desarrollo turístico sostenible. Se espera que los resultados de este estudio contribuyan a una mejor comprensión del turismo industrial en Portugal con sugerencias prácticas y teóricas útiles. El tópico de la discusión destaca resultados que contribuyen teóricamente a la profundización del concepto de autenticidad desde la perspectiva del residente, así como también, en la práctica, posibilitan estrategias de planificación y desarrollo en destinos turísticos industriales, que pueden ser, en paralelo, aplicables a otros contextos culturales de base comunitaria.A presente investigação de doutoramento, inserida na temática do turismo cultural, versa o património industrial em contexto de um território industrializado e explora as perceções, quer da comunidade local, quer dos stakeholders envolvidos no planeamento e execução dos programas turísticos. O principal objetivo deste estudo consiste em evidenciar a importância do património industrial para o turismo, pelo que se analisa esse recurso para usufruto turístico perspetivando as perceções de autenticidade por parte da comunidade local, em particular dos recursos endógenos históricos e atuais associados à indústria. Para tal, objetivando uma compreensão mais rica do contexto da investigação, empregou-se uma abordagem de estudo de caso no município de São João da Madeira, norte de Portugal, local pioneiro na implementação de circuitos de turismo industrial em território nacional, circuitos sustentados no património, na indústria ativa e nos centros tecnológicos. A presente investigação pretende colmatar a carência de investigação empírica em contexto de turismo cultural e patrimonial, mais especificamente na área do turismo de património industrial, em particular no que se refere às perceções de uma comunidade sobre autenticidade dos seus recursos, nomeadamente: os valores patrimoniais, a identidade do lugar e as intenções futuras de comportamento a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Também é intenção explorar e compreender um conceito-chave que é o contributo dos circuitos de turismo industrial para o desenvolvimento e competitividade de um território industrial, tendo por base a perspetiva dos stakeholders. Com essa finalidade, definiram-se como objetivos gerais compreender o contributo dos circuitos de turismo industrial para o desenvolvimento e competitividade de um território industrial, e analisar a relação dos valores patrimoniais industriais e da identidade do lugar como antecedentes da autenticidade percebida pela comunidade local, tendo como consequência os ideais comunitários de participação e o apoio ao 9 desenvolvimento turístico em São João da Madeira. Estes dois objetivos originaram em quatro objetivos específicos, nomeadamente: 1) compreender o contributo e o papel dos circuitos de turismo industrial para a valorização, criação de valor, diferenciação e desenvolvimento de um território industrial; 2) Identificar os elementos da identidade (materiais e imateriais) associados ao património industrial e à indústria, capazes de promover uma experiência turística holística e potencialmente implementada pelo destino; 3) analisar o papel do valor patrimonial e da identidade do lugar na autenticidade percebida pela comunidade local; e, 4) Analisar a importância da autenticidade percebida pela comunidade local nos seus ideais comunitários de participação e no seu apoio ao desenvolvimento turístico. Para cumprir com os objetivos adotou-se uma metodologia mista com recolha de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, estes analisados, integrados, comparados e discutidos. Isto permitiu retirar proveito da complementaridade de recorrer a ambas metodologias, e como tal melhorando a validade dos resultados e expondo com sucesso as questões centrais da investigação. Para o efeito, aplicaram-se, na metodologia qualitativa, entrevistas em profundidade junto de 10 intervenientes diretos nos circuitos de turismo industrial. Como metodologia quantitativa foram aplicados questionário online e de forma presencial a uma amostra de 389 indivíduos residentes permanentes no município de São João da Madeira. Para dar resposta ao primeiro objetivo específico, efetuou-se uma análise interpretativa com base nos discursos transcritos das entrevistas recorrendo ao software Webqda. Os restantes três objetivos específicos foram, ainda, respondidos com a análise quantitativa. O modelo concetual sido testado por meio da técnica de equações estruturais com recurso ao SPSS Statistics e ao AMOS. Da análise das entrevistas, conclui-se que os stakeholders dos circuitos de turismo industrial promovem, na generalidade, uma aproximação entre a comunidade local e os programas de turismo industrial, possibilitando ao residente a participação em atividades turísticas sempre que, pelas especificidades próprias da atividade, seja viável. Contudo, aferiu-se que a comunidade local não tem voz ativa no planeamento e na estruturação dos programas, sendo apenas chamada para o processo enquanto consultora. De referir ainda que, no contexto de interpretação comunitária, especificamente em lugares de património industrial e de indústria aberta a visitantes, a autenticidade é um elemento essencial a considerar, tendo sido identificado que os residentes percebem as transformações no seu património, quer tangível, quer intangível, enquanto relevante para a sua preservação. 10 Verificou-se que uma oferta turística diversificada, assente em recursos industriais diferenciados, promove a cultura e as tradições locais, cria valor para o território, melhora a imagem e promove a sustentabilidade do destino, ao mesmo tempo que fomenta, ainda que por via indireta, o desenvolvimento territorial. A análise dos resultados obtidos, partindo de oito hipóteses formuladas, permitem concluir que os valores patrimoniais e a identidade do lugar, fundamentados nos recursos industriais endógenos, influenciam a perceção que os residentes formam do seu território enquanto destino turístico, nomeadamente quando consideradas a autenticidade objetiva e a existencial. À semelhança, os resultados da perceção da autenticidade objetiva e existencial estão positiva e significativamente correlacionados com os ideais comunitários de participação. De igual forma, a perceção da autenticidade objetiva revelou ainda ter impacto positivo na perceção do desenvolvimento turístico, já a autenticidade existencial na perceção do desenvolvimento turístico revelou ser negativo, pelo que não significativo estatisticamente. Com base nos resultados obtidos através de múltiplos métodos, esta investigação conclui que a população local tem poder, por meio da assunção identitária, para conferir autenticidade aos recursos endógenos do seu território e pode desempenhar um papel crucial no processo de tomada de decisão com vista a um desenvolvimento turístico sustentável. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo contribuam para um melhor entendimento do turismo industrial em Portugal com sugestões práticas e teóricas úteis. O capítulo da discussão evidencia resultados que contribuem teoricamente para o aprofundamento do conceito de autenticidade na ótica do residente, ao mesmo tempo que, na prática, possibilitam estratégias de planeamento e desenvolvimento em destinos de turismo industrial, que poderão em paralelo ser aplicáveis a outros contextos culturais de base comunitária

Diferenciação do produto através da valorização do turismo industrial

This article aims to analyze the industrial resources that are able to define a tourism product, this being assumed as a differentiating factor of a destination. In addition to a documentary research the practical example of S. João da Madeira has been used. Combined with the concept of cultural tourism, we find the concept of industrial heritage and in this setting the cultural offer, in its industrial expression, becomes an alternative solution that might promote diversified experiences. However, not all existing industrial heritage or industrial offer emerges as something attractive or interesting to the visitor. Mainly, the interest lies in the exceptionality and differentiation of experiences and in a global experience, holistically organized by the Destination. In this context, the search for alternatives to the traditional tourism product stands out, in order to respond to the needs of an increasingly demanding market with permanent oscillations.Este artigo pretende analisar recursos industriais passíveis de definição de um produto turístico que se assume como fator de diferenciação de um destino. Para além de pesquisa documental, recorreu-se a S. João da Madeira como caso de estudo. Aliado ao conceito de turismo cultural, encontramos o conceito de património industrial e neste contexto, a oferta cultural, na sua expressão industrial, converte-se numa resposta alternativa que poderá promover experiências diversificadas. Contudo, nem todo o património ou oferta industrial existente emerge como algo atrativo ou interessante para o visitante. Essencialmente, o interesse recai na excecionalidade e diferenciação das experiências e numa experiência global, holisticamente organizada pelo Destino. Neste contexto, destaca-se a busca de alternativas ao tradicional produto turístico, por forma a responder às necessidades de um mercado, cada vez mais exigente e com oscilações permanentes e imprevisíveis

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

4Th Pediatric Allergy And Asthma Meeting (Paam)

WORKSHOP 4: Challenging clinical scenarios (CS01–CS06), CS01 Bullous lesions in two children: solitary mastocytoma, S. Tolga Yavuz, Ozan Koc, Ali Gungor, Faysal Gok, CS02 Multi-System Allergy (MSA) of cystic fibrosis: our institutional experience, Jessica Hawley, Christopher O’Brien, Matthew Thomas, Malcolm Brodlie, Louise Michaelis, CS03 Cold urticaria in pediatric age: an invisible cause for severe reactions, Inês Mota, Ângela Gaspar, Susana Piedade, Graça Sampaio, José Geraldo Dias, Miguel Paiva, Mário Morais-Almeida, CS04 Angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency in a girl: a challenge diagnosis, Cristina Madureira, Tânia Lopes, Susana Lopes, Filipa Almeida, Alexandra Sequeira, Fernanda Carvalho, José Oliveira, CS05 A child with unusual multiple organ allergy disease: what is the primer?, Fabienne Gay-Crosier, CS06 A case of uncontrolled asthma in a 6-year-old patient, Ioana-Valentina Nenciu, Andreia Florina Nita, Alexandru Ulmeanu, Dumitru Oraseanu, Carmen Zapucioiu, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 1: Food allergy (OP01–OP06), OP01 Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: oral food challenge outcomes for tolerance evaluation in a Pediatric Hospital, Adrianna Machinena, Olga Domínguez Sánchez, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Rosa Jimenez Feijoo, Jaime Lozano Blasco, Mònica Piquer Gibert, Mª Teresa Giner Muñoz, Marcia Dias da Costa, Ana Maria Plaza Martín, OP02 Characteristics of infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis, Ebru Arik Yilmaz, Özlem Cavkaytar, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Ozge Soyer, Cansin Sackesen, OP03 The clinical and immunological outcomes after consumption of baked egg by 1–5 year old egg allergic children: results of a randomised controlled trial, MerrynNetting, Adaweyah El-Merhibi, Michael Gold, PatrickQuinn, IrmeliPenttila, Maria Makrides, OP04 Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy using low allergenic, hydrolysed egg, Stavroula Giavi, Antonella Muraro, Roger Lauener, Annick Mercenier, Eugen Bersuch, Isabella M. Montagner, Maria Passioti, Nicolò Celegato, Selina Summermatter, Sophie Nutten, Tristan Bourdeau, Yvonne M. Vissers, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, OP05 Chemical modification of a peanut extract results in an increased safety profile while maintaining efficacy, Hanneke van der Kleij, Hans Warmenhoven, Ronald van Ree, Raymond Pieters, Dirk Jan Opstelten, Hans van Schijndel, Joost Smit, OP06 Administration of the yellow fever vaccine in egg allergic children, Roisin Fitzsimons, Victoria Timms, George Du Toit, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 2: Asthma (OP07–OP12), OP07 Previous exacerbation is the most important risk factor for future exacerbations in school-age children with asthma, S. Tolga Yavuz, Guven Kaya, Mustafa Gulec, Mehmet Saldir, Osman Sener, Faysal Gok, OP08 Comparative study of degree of severity and laboratory changes between asthmatic children using different acupuncture modalities, Nagwa Hassan, Hala Shaaban, Hazem El-Hariri, Ahmed Kamel Inas E. Mahfouz, OP09 The concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide in asthmatic children with different controlled stadium, Papp Gabor, Biro Gabor, Kovacs Csaba, OP10 Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on risk of persistent wheeze in the offspring: a randomised clinical trial, Bo Chawes, Klaus Bønnelykke, Jakob Stokholm, Lene Heickendorff, Susanne Brix, Morten Rasmussen, Hans Bisgaard, OP11 Lung function development in childhood, Henrik Wegener Hallas, Bo Chawes, Lambang Arianto, Hans Bisgaard, OP12 Is the effect of maternal and paternal asthma different in female and male children before puberty?, Maike Pincus, Thomas Keil, Andreas Reich, Ulrich Wahn, Susanne Lau, Linus Grabenhenrich, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 3: Epidemiology—genetics (OP13–OP18), OP13 Lifestyle is associated with incidence and category of allergen sensitisation: the ALADDIN birth cohort, Sara Fagerstedt, Helena Marell Hesla, Emelie Johansson, Helen Rosenlund, Axel Mie, Annika Scheynius, Johan Alm, OP15 Maternal filaggrin mutations increase the risk of atopic dermatitis in children: an effect independent of mutation inheritance, Jorge Esparza-Gordillo, Anja Matanovic, Ingo Marenholz, Anja Bauerfeind, Klaus Rohde, Katja Nemat, Min-Ae Lee-Kirsch, Magnus Nordenskjöld, Marten C. G. Winge, Thomas Keil, Renate Krüger, Susanne Lau, Kirsten Beyer, Birgit Kalb, Bodo Niggemann, Norbert Hübner, Heather J. Cordell, Maria Bradley, Young-Ae Lee, OP16 Allergic multimorbidity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in the first 2 decades of the German MAS birth cohort, Thomas Keil, Hannah Gough, Linus Grabenhenrich, Dirk Schramm, Andreas Reich, John Beschorner, Antje Schuster, Carl-Peter Bauer, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Young-Ae Lee, Renate Bergmann, Karl Bergmann, Ulrich Wahn, Susanne Lau, OP17 Childhood anaphylaxis: a growing concern, Filipe Benito Garcia, Inês Mota, Susana Piedade, Ângela Gaspar, Natacha Santos, Helena Pité, Mário Morais-Almeida, OP18 Indoor exposure to molds and dampness in infancy and its association to persistent atopic dermatitis in school age. Results from the Greek ISAAC II study, Athina Papadopoulou, Despina Mermiri, Elpida Xatziagorou, Ioannis Tsanakas, Stavroula Lampidi, Kostas Priftis, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 4: Pediatric rhinitis—immunotherapy (OP19–OP24), OP19 Associations between residential greenness and childhood allergic rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitisation in seven birth cohorts, Elaine Fuertes, Iana Markevych, Gayan Bowatte, Olena Gruzieva, Ulrike Gehring, Allan Becker, Dietrich Berdel, Michael Brauer, Chris Carlsten, Barbara Hoffmann, Anita Kozyrskyj, Caroline Lodge, Göran Pershagen, Alet Wijga, Heinrich Joachim, OP20 Full symptom control in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma: results of a 2-year sublingual allergen immunotherapy study, Zorica Zivkovic, Ivana Djuric-Filipovic, Jasmina Jocić-Stevanovic, Snežana Zivanovic, OP21 Nasal epithelium of different ages of atopic subjects present increased levels of oxidative stress and increased cell cytotoxicity upon rhinovirus infection, Styliani Taka, Dimitra Kokkinou, Aliki Papakonstantinou, Panagiota Stefanopoulou, Anastasia Georgountzou, Paraskevi Maggina, Sofia Stamataki, Vassiliki Papaevanggelou, Evangelos Andreakos, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, OP22 Cluster subcutaneous immunotherapy schedule: tolerability profile in children, Monica Piquer Gibert, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Jaime Lozano Blasco, Olga Domínguez Sánchez, Rosa Jiménez Feijoo, Marcia Dias da Costa, Mª Teresa Giner Muñoz, Adriana Machinena Spera, Ana Maria Plaza Martín, OP23 Rhinitis as a risk factor for asthma severity in 11-year old children: population-based cohort study, Matea Deliu, Danielle Belgrave, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic, OP24 The Global Lung Function Initiative equations in airway obstruction evaluation of asthmatic children, João Gaspar Marques, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Joana Belo, Sara Serranho, Isabel Peralta, Nuno Neuparth, Paula Leiria-Pinto, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 1: Food allergy (PD01–PD05), PD01 Allergen-specific humoral and cellular responses in children who fail egg oral immunotherapy due to allergic reactions, Marta Vazquez-Ortiz, Mariona Pascal, Ana Maria Plaza, Manel Juan, PD02 FoxP3 epigenetic features in children with cow milk allergy, Lorella Paparo, Rita Nocerino, Rosita Aitoro, Ilaria Langella, Antonio Amoroso, Alessia Amoroso, Carmen Di Scala, Roberto Berni Canani, PD04 Combined milk and egg allergy in early childhood: let them eat cake?, Santanu Maity, Giuseppina Rotiroti, Minal Gandhi, PD05 Introduction of complementary foods in relation to allergy and gut microbiota in farm and non-farm children, Karin Jonsson, Annika Ljung, Bill Hesselmar, Ingegerd Adlerbert, Hilde Brekke, Susanne Johansen, Agnes Wold, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 2: Asthma and wheeze (PD06–PD16), PD06 The association between asthma and exhaled nitric oxide is influenced by genetics and sensitisation, Björn Nordlund, Cecilia Lundholm, Villhelmina Ullemar, Marianne van Hage, Anne Örtqvist, Catarina Almqvist, PD09 Prevalence patterns of infant wheeze across Europe, Anna Selby, Kate Grimshaw, Thomas Keil, Linus Grabenhenrich, Michael Clausen, Ruta Dubakiene, Alessandro Fiocchi, Marek Kowalski, Nikos Papadopoulos, Marta Reche, Sigurveig Sigurdardottir, Aline Sprikkleman, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Clare Mills, Kirsten Beyer, Graham Roberts, PD10 Epidemiologic changes in recurrent wheezing infants, Herberto Jose Chong Neto, Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen, Ana Carolina Dela Bianca, Carolina Aranda, Nelson Augusto Rosário, Dirceu Solé, Javier Mallol, Luis García Marcos, PD13 A single nucleotide polymorphism in the GLCCI1 gene is associated with response to asthma treatment in children, IvanaBanic, Matija Rijavec, Davor Plavec, Peter Korosec, Mirjana Turkalj, PD14 Pollen induced asthma: Could small molecules in pollen exacerbate the protein-mediated allergic response?, Alen Bozicevic, Maria De Mieri, Matthias Hamburger, PD15 A qualitative study to understand how we can empower teenagers to better self-manage their asthma, Simone Holley, Ruth Morris, Frances Mitchell, Rebecca Knibb, Susan Latter, Christina Liossi, Graham Roberts, PD16 Polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene among Egyptian children with bronchial asthma, Mostafa M. M. Hassan, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 3: Mechanisms—Epidemiology (PD17–PD21), PD17 Pregnancy outcomes in relation to development of allergy in a Swedish birth cohort, Malin Barman, Anna Sandin, Agnes Wold, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, PD18 Evolution of the IgE response to house dust mite molecules in childhood, Daniela Posa, Serena Perna, Carl-Peter Bauer, Ute Hoffmann, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Antje Schuster, Ulrich Wahn, Thomas Keil, Susanne Lau, Kuan-Wei Chen, Yvonne Resch, Susanne Vrtala, Rudolf Valenta, Paolo Maria Matricardi, PD19 Antibody recognition of nsLTP-molecules as antigens but not as allergens in the German-MAS birth cohort, Olympia Tsilochristou, Alexander Rohrbach, Antonio Cappella, Stephanie Hofmaier, Laura Hatzler, Carl-Peter Bauer, Ute Hoffmann, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Antje Schuster, RaffaeleD’Amelio, Ulrich Wahn, Thomas Keil, Susanne Lau, Paolo Maria Matricardi, PD20 Early life colonization with Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus oppositely associates with the maturation and activation of FOXP3+ CD4 T-cells, Sophia Björkander, Maria A. Johansson, Gintare Lasaviciute, Eva Sverremark-Ekström, PD21 Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 7 susceptibility loci involved in the atopic march, Ingo Marenholz, Jorge Esparza-Gordillo, Franz Rüschendorf, Anja Bauerfeind, David P. Strachan, Ben D. Spycher, Hansjörg Baurecht, Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin, Annika Sääf, Marjan Kerkhof, Markus Ege, Svetlana Baltic, Melanie C Matheson, Jin Li, Sven Michel, Wei Q. Ang, Wendy McArdle, Andreas Arnold, Georg Homuth, Florence Demenais, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Cilla Söderhäll, Göran Pershagen, Johan C. de Jongste, Dirkje S Postma, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Elisabeth Horak, Ludmila M. Ogorodova, Valery P. Puzyrev, Elena Yu Bragina, Thomas J Hudson, Charles Morin, David L Duffy, Guy B Marks, Colin F Robertson, Grant W Montgomery, Bill Musk, Philip J Thompson, Nicholas G. Martin, Alan James, Patrick Sleiman, Elina Toskala, Elke Rodriguez, Regina Fölster-Holst, Andre Franke, Wolfgang Lieb, Christian Gieger, Andrea Heinzmann, Ernst Rietschel, Thomas Keil, Sven Cichon, Markus M Nöthen, Craig E Pennell, Peter D Sly, Carsten O Schmidt, Anja Matanovic, Valentin Schneider, Matthias Heinig, Norbert Hübner, Patrick G. Holt, Susanne Lau, Michael Kabesch, Stefan Weidinger, Hakon Hakonarson, Manuel AR Ferreira, Catherine Laprise, Maxim B. Freidin, Jon Genuneit, Gerard H Koppelman, Erik Melén, Marie-Hélène Dizier, A. John Henderson, Young Ae Lee, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 4: Food allergy—Anaphylaxis (PD22–PD26), PD22 Atopy patch test in food protein induced enterocolitis caused by solid food, Purificacion González-Delgado, Esther Caparrós, Fernando Clemente, Begoña Cueva, Victoria M. Moreno, Jose Luis Carretero, Javier Fernández, PD23 Watermelon allergy: a novel presentation, Kate Swan, George Du Toit, PD24 A pilot study evaluating the usefulness of a guideline template for managing milk allergy in primary care, Mudiyur Gopi, Tim Smith, Edara Ramesh, Arun Sadasivam, PD26 Efficacy and safety of cow’s milk oral immunotherapy protocol, Inês Mota, Filipe Benito Garcia, Susana Piedade, Angela Gaspar, Graça Sampaio, Cristina Arêde, Luís Miguel Borrego, Graça Pires, Cristina Santa-Marta, Mário Morais-Almeida, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 5: Prevention and treatment—Allergy (PD27–PD36), PD27 Allergy-protection by the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis G121: mode-of-action as revealed in a murine model of experimental allergy, Stephanie Brand, Karina Stein, Holger Heine, Marion Kauth, PD29 The relationship between quality of life and morning salivary cortisol after acute bronchiolitis in infancy, Leif Bjarte Rolfsjord, Egil Bakkeheim, Johan Alm, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Jon Olav Hunderi, Teresa Løvold Berents, Petter Mowinckel, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, PD30 Randomised trial of the efficacy of MP29-02* compared with fluticasone propionate nasal spray in children aged ≥6 years to <12 years with allergic rhinitis, Ulrich Wahn, Ullrich Munzel, William Berger, PD31 10 mg of oral bilastine in 2 to 11 years old children has similar exposure to the adult therapeutic dose (20 mg), Ulrich Wahn, Román Valiente, Valvanera Vozmediano, John C. Lukas, Mónica Rodríguez, PD33 Daily symptoms, nocturnal symptoms, activity limitations and reliever therapies during the three steps of IOEASMA programme: a comparison, Sebastiano Guarnaccia, Luigi Vitale, Ada Pluda, Emanuele D’Agata, Denise Colombo, Stefano Felici, Valeria Gretter, Susanna Facchetti, Gaia Pecorelli, Cristina Quecchia, PD34 Sensitisation to an inert aeroallergen in weaning rats and longstanding disease, in a sensitisation-tolerant and easily tolerisable rodent strain, George Guibas, Evangelia Spandou, Spyridon Megremis, Peter West, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, PD35 Bacterial and fungi exposure in school and allergic sensitisation in children, João Cavaleiro Rufo, Joana Madureira, Inês Paciência, Lívia Aguiar, Patrícia Padrão, Mariana Pinto, Luís Delgado, Pedro Moreira, João Paulo Teixeira, Eduardo Oliveira Fernandes, André Moreira, PD36 Comparative study of allergy rhinitis between two populations: children vs. adults, Adriana Izquierdo Dominguez, Antonio Valero, Joaquim Mullol, Alfonso Del Cuvillo, Javier Montoro, Ignacio Jauregui, Joan Bartra, Ignacio Davila, Marta Ferrer, Joaquin Sastre, POSTER VIEWING SESSION 1: Inflammation—Genetics—Immunology—Dermatology (PP01–PP09), PP01 Immune profile in late pregnancy: immunological markers in atopic asthmaticwomen as risk factors for atopy in the progeny, Catarina Martins, Jorge Lima, Maria José Leandro, Glória Nunes, Jorge Cunha Branco, Hélder Trindade, Luis Miguel Borrego, PP02 The impact of neonatal sepsis on development of allergic diseases, Secil Conkar, Mehtap Kilic, Canan Aygun, Recep Sancak, PP03 Clinical overview of selective IgE deficiency in childhood, Athina Papadopoulou, Eleni Tagalaki, Lambros Banos, Anna Vlachou, Fotini Giannoula, Despina Mermiri, PP04 Inverse relationship between serum 25(ΟΗ) vitamin D3 and total IgE in children and adolescence, Athina Papadopoulou, Stavroula Lampidi, Marina Pavlakou, Maria Kryoni, Kostas Makris, PP05, PP06, PP07 Asthma control questionnaire and specific IgE in children, Snezhina Lazova, Guergana Petrova, Dimitrinka Miteva, Penka Perenovska, PP08 Features of chronic urticaria of adolescents, Aliya Klyucharova, Olesya Skorohodkina, PP09 Cutaneous mastocytosis in children: a clinical analysis of 8 cases in Greece, Dimitra Koumaki, Alkisti Manousaki, Maria Agrapidi, Lida Iatridou, Omima Eruk, Konstantinos Myridakis, Emmanouil Manousakis, Vasiliki Koumaki, POSTER VIEWING SESSION 2: Food allergy—Anaphylaxis (PP10–PP47), PP10 Prognostic factors in egg allergy, Maria Dimou, Maria Ingemansson, Gunilla Hedlin, PP11 Evaluation of the efficacy of an amino acid-based formula in infants who are intolerant to extensively hydrolysed protein formula, Nitida Pastor, Delphine de Boissieu, Jon Vanderhoof, Nancy Moore, Kaitlin Maditz, PP12 Anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector use: a survey of pediatric trainees, Adeli Mehdi, Shaza Elhassan, Carolin Beck, Ahmed Al-Hammadi, PP13 Anaphylaxis in children: acute management in the Emergency Department, Ioana Maris, Ronan O’Sullivan, Jonathan Hourihane,, PP14 Understanding Cumbrian schools preparedness in managing children at risk of anaphylaxis in order to provide training and support which will create healthy and safe environments for children with allergies, George Raptis, Louise Michaelis, PP15 A new valid and reliable parent and child questionnaire to measure the impact of food protein enterocolitis syndrome on children: the FPIES Quality of Life Questionnaire (FPIESQL), Parent and Child Short Form, Audrey DunnGalvin, Matthew Greenhawt, Carina Venter, Jonathan Hourihane, PP16 An in-depth case study investigation of the experiences of teenagers and young adults in growing up and living with food allergy with emphasis on coping, management and risk, support, and social and self-identity, Evelyn O’Regan, Duncan Cronin, Jonathan Hourihane, Anna O’Reilly, Audrey DunnGalvin, PP17 Cow’s milk protein allergy in Constantine. A retrospective study of 62 cases between 1996 and 2013, Foued Abdelaziz, Dounia Khelifi-Touhami, Nihad Selim, Tahar Khelifi-Touhami, PP18, PP19 Cow’s milk and egg oral immunotherapy in children older than 5 years, Pablo Merida, Ana Mª Plaza, Juan Heber Castellanos, Adrianna Machinena, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Jaime Lozano, Olga Dominguez, Monica Piquer, Rosa Jimenez, Mª Teresa Giner, PP20 Professionals’ awareness of management of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) in North Wales Hospitals, Konstantinos Kakleas, Manohar Joishy, Wendmu Maskele, Huw R. Jenkins, PP21, PP22 Anaphylaxis: the great unknown for teachers. Presentation of a protocol for schools, Mercedes Escarrer, Agustín Madroñero, Maria Teresa Guerra, Juan Carlos Julia, Juan Carlos Cerda, Javier Contreras, Eulalia Tauler, Maria Jesus Vidorreta, Ana Rojo, Silvia Del Valle, PP23 Challenges facing children with food allergies and their parents in out of school activity sectors, Niamh Flynn, PP24 A review of food challenges at a Regional Irish Centre, Gary Foley, Carol Harmon, John Fitzsimons, PP25 The use of epinephrine in infants with anaphylaxis, Krasimira Baynova, Ávila Maria Del Robledo, Labella Marina, PP26, PP27, PP28 Mother’s psychological state predicts the expression of symptoms in food allergic children, Aaron Cortes, Alicia Sciaraffia, Angela Castillo, PP29 The correlation between sIgE towards tree nuts and birch pollen in a Danish Pediatric Allergy Clinic, Nanna Juel-Berg, Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen, Lars Kærgaard Poulsen, PP30 Food allergy in children: evaluation of parents’ use of online social media, Andreia Florina Nita, Ioana Valentina Nenciu, Adina Lazar, Dumitru Oraseanu, PP31 The impact of food allergy on quality of life: FAQLQ questionnaire, Rita Aguiar, Anabela Lopes, Maria J. Paes, Amélia S. Santos, M. A. Pereira-Barbosa, PP32 An unexpected cause of anaphylaxis: potato, Hatice Eke Gungor, Salih Uytun, Umit Murat Sahiner, Yasemin Altuner Torun, PP33 Is it clinical phenotype of allergic diseases determined by sensitisation to food?, Mirjana Zivanovic, Marina Atanasković-Marković, PP34, PP35 Prescribing adrenaline auto-injectors in children in 2014: the data from regional pediatricians, Tina Vesel, Mihaela Nahtigal, Andreja Obermayer-Temlin, Eva Šoster Križnik, Mirjana Maslar, Ruben Bizjak, Marjeta Tomšič-Matic, Sonja Posega-Devetak, Maja Skerbinjek-Kavalar, Mateja Predalič, Tadej Avčin, PP36 Who should have an adrenaline autoinjector? Adherence to the European and French guidelines among 121 allergists from the Allergy Vigilance Network, Guillaume Pouessel, Etienne Beaudouin, Anne M. Moneret-Vautrin, Antoine Deschildre, Allergy Vigilance Network, PP37 Anaphylaxis by Anacardium Occidentale, Marta Viñas, Bartolomé Borja, Nora Hernández, Mª José Castillo, Adriana Izquierdo, Marcel Ibero, PP38 Anaphylaxis with honey in a child, S. Tolga Yavuz, Ali Gungor, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Ozan Koc, Can Naci Kocabas, Faysal Gok, PP39 Evaluation of courses adopted to children on prevention, recognition and management of anaphylaxis, Tina Vesel, Mihaela Nahtigal, PP40 Symptomatic dust mites and shrimp allergy: three pediatric case reports, Filipa Almeida, Susana Lopes, Cristina Madureira, Tânia Lopes, Fernanda Carvalho, PP41 Poor identification rates of nuts by high risk individuals: a call for improved education and support for families, Camille Heming, Emily Garrett, Adam Blackstock, Santanu Maity, Rahul Chodhari, PP42 DAFALL: database of food allergies in the Czech Republic, Simona Belohlavkova, Eliska Kopelentova, Petr Visek, Ivana Setinova, Ivana Svarcova, PP43 Serological cross-reactivity between grass and wheat is not only caused by profilins and CCDs, Sigrid Sjölander, Nora Nilsson, Malin Berthold, Helena Ekoff, Gunilla Hedlin, Magnus Borres, Caroline Nilsson, PP44 Oil body associated proteins in children with nuts allergy. Allergens to consider in IgE-mediated nuts allergy, Loreto González Domínguez, Cristina Muñoz Archidona, Ana Moreira Jorge, Sergio Quevedo Teruel, Teresa Bracamonte Bermejo, Miriam Castillo Fernández, Fernando Pineda de la Losa, Luis Ángel Echeverría Zudaire, PP45, PP46 Protective effect of helicobacter pylori infection against food allergy in children, Olga Vrani, Antigone Mavroudi, Maria Fotoulaki, Maria Emporiadou, Kleomenis Spiroglou, Ioannis Xinias, PP47 Anaphylaxis pathway: A road tryp-tase to success?, Helyeh A. Sadreddini, Mia Warnes, Donna Traves, POSTER VIEWING SESSION 3: Miscell