Lightweight mortars containing expanded polystyrene and paper sludge ash

The objective of this research was to develop lightweight cement mortars with good thermal-insulation properties by incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) and paper sludge ash (PSA), both of which are problematic waste materials. The mortars formed had low thermal conductivity and low bulk density compared to control samples. Ground EPS produced lower thermal conductivity samples than powdered EPS. Resource efficient mortars containing up to 20% PSA, and 60% of EPS are considered suitable for use in rendering and plastering applications.The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and European Union (FEDER) for project funding (BIA2007-61170), and the FPI scholarship (BES-2009-012166) award to Verónica Ferrándiz Mas which allowed her to develop her doctoral thesis. This research was carried out in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Imperial College London, with funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (EEBB-I-12-0574) to support Verónica Ferrándiz Mas

Clavo de bloqueo Gamma: experiencia inicial y resultados

Se ha estudiado una serie de 243 fracturas de cadera tratadas mediante clavo Gamma en un período de 3 años y medio. Se analiza el estado general previo del paciente, tiempo de intervención quirúrgica, comienzo de deambulación y tiempo de hospitalización, haciendo especial énfasis en las complicaciones. El 72% de los pacientes comenzaron la deambulación durante la primera semana y la consolidación se consiguió en un plazo medio de 9 semanas. La complicación intraopcratoria más frecuente fue la inserción de los tornillos distales (15% de los casos); otras complicaciones relacionadas con la técnica fueron 2 perforaciones capitales, 5 fracturas diafisarias durante la intervención o la estancia hospitalaria y 5 extrusiones del tornillo de cuello. Como complicaciones tardías tuvimos 2 infecciones, 4 fracturas diafisarias, 1 fractura subcapital, 1 necrosis cefálica y una rotura del clavo. Como conclusión, el clavo Gamma es un buen método de osteosíntesis para las fracturas inestables del macizo trocantéreo y fracturas subtrocantéreas, aunque precisa una técnica muy cuidadosa.A serie of 243 hip fractures treated with Gamma nail in a period of 3.5 years was reviewed. The patient previous general condition, surgical time, time for total weight-bearing, hospitalization period, and complications were analized. Weight-bearing begun during first week in 72% of all patients and 9 weeks was the average time of consolidation of the fractures. The most frecuent surgical complication was insertion of distal screws (15%), other technique complications were 2 capital perforations, 5 femoral shaft fractures during surgery or hospitalization period and 5 cut-out of the lag screw. Two infections, 4 femoral shaft fractures, 1 femoral neck fracture, 1 aseptic necrosis of femoral head and 1 material failure were late complications. As conclusion, the Gamma nail is a good method of osteosynthesis for unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, although it needs a careful technique

Validation of the Use of SEBS Blends as a Substitute for Liquid Silicone Rubber in Injection Processes

Liquid silicone rubber is an interesting material at an industrial level, but there are great difficulties in the design and machining of molds, and in addition, it cannot be processed using conventional equipment. Therefore, new lines of research have focused on the search for new materials capable of providing final properties similar to liquid silicone rubber, that can also be engineered using simple, conventional processes and machinery. In this investigation, a range of compatible blends, based on two commercial grades of styrene-b-ethyleneco- butylene-b-styrene (SEBS) thermoplastic elastomer, was studied in order to obtain a range of different Shore A hardness blends for industrial applications where liquid silicone rubber (different hardness) is currently used. The two blended elastomers used had widely differing Shore A hardness values (5 and 90). Once the blended materials had been characterized, the Cross and Williams et al. [20] (Cross-WLF) mathematical model was applied in order to obtain theoretical performance curves for the viscosity of each of the blends. After this, a model was developed using the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software package Autodesk Moldflow 2012TM. This computer modeling validated the results obtained from the mathematical models, thus making available to process engineers the full range of hardnesses necessary for industrial products (where liquid silicone rubber is used), while still providing the advantages of thermoplastic injection molding.The authors wish to thank "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion" IPT-310000-2010-37 and Universidad Politecnica de Valencia PAID 10012 for their financial support.Juárez Varón, D.; R. Balart; T. Boronat; Reig Pérez, MJ.; Ferrándiz Bou, S. (2013). Validation of the Use of SEBS Blends as a Substitute for Liquid Silicone Rubber in Injection Processes. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 28(11):1215-1221. doi:10.1080/10426914.2013.811732S121512212811Zhang, B., Wong, J. S.-P., Shi, D., Yam, R. C.-M., & Li, R. K.-Y. (2010). Investigation on the mechanical performances of ternary nylon 6/SEBS elastomer/nano-SiO2hybrid composites with controlled morphology. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 115(1), 469-479. doi:10.1002/app.30185Su, F.-H., & Huang, H.-X. (2009). Mechanical and rheological properties of PP/SEBS/OMMT ternary composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 112(5), 3016-3023. doi:10.1002/app.29875Sugimoto, M., Sakai, K., Aoki, Y., Taniguchi, T., Koyama, K., & Ueda, T. (2009). Rheology and morphology change with temperature of SEBS/hydrocarbon oil blends. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 47(10), 955-965. doi:10.1002/polb.21699Jose, A. J., Alagar, M., & P. Thomas, S. (2012). Preparation and Characterization of Organoclay Filled Polysulfone Nanocomposites. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(3), 247-254. doi:10.1080/10426914.2011.585490Ivanović, N., Marjanović, N., Grbović Novaković, J., Manasijević, M., Rakočević, Z., Andrić, V., & Hadžić, B. (2009). Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Cured and Uncured Disiloxane Bisbenzocyclobutene Thin Films. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24(10-11), 1180-1184. doi:10.1080/10426910902978811Perisić, M., Radojević, V., Uskoković, P. S., Stojanović, D., Jokić, B., & Aleksić, R. (2009). Wood–Thermoplastic Composites Based on Industrial Waste and Virgin High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24(10-11), 1207-1213. doi:10.1080/10426910903032212Iqbal, H., Sheikh, A. K., Al-Yousef, A., & Younas, M. (2012). Mold Design Optimization for Sand Casting of Complex Geometries Using Advance Simulation Tools. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(7), 775-785. doi:10.1080/10426914.2011.648250Özek, C., & Çelık, Y. H. (2011). Calculating Molding Parameters in Plastic Injection Molds with ANN and Developing Software. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(2), 160-168. doi:10.1080/10426914.2011.560224Hirschmanner, M., Mörwald, K., & Fröhlich, C. (2011). Next Generation Mold Level Control: Development of LevCon 2.0. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(1), 169-174. doi:10.1080/10426910903206691Selvakumar, P., & Bhatnagar, N. (2009). Studies on Polypropylene/Carbon Fiber Composite Foams by Nozzle-Based Microcellular Injection Molding System. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24(5), 533-540. doi:10.1080/10426910902742738Gramegna, N., Corte, E. D., & Poles, S. (2011). Manufacturing Process Simulation for Product Design Chain Optimization. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(3), 527-533. doi:10.1080/10426914.2011.564248Marković, G., Radovanović, B., Marinović-Cincović, M., & Budinski-Simendić, J. (2009). The Effect of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics and Properties of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber Blend. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24(10-11), 1224-1228. doi:10.1080/10426910902967087Mehat, N. M., & Kamaruddin, S. (2011). Investigating the Effects of Injection Molding Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Plastic Parts Using the Taguchi Method. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(2), 202-209. doi:10.1080/10426914.2010.529587Chen, C.-C., Su, P.-L., Chiou, C.-B., & Chiang, K.-T. (2011). Experimental Investigation of Designed Parameters on Dimension Shrinkage of Injection Molded Thin-Wall Part by Integrated Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(3), 534-540. doi:10.1080/10426914.2010.530331Martinez, A., Castany, J., & Aisa, J. (2011). Characterization of In-Mold Decoration Process and Influence of the Fabric Characteristics in This Process. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(9), 1164-1172. doi:10.1080/10426914.2010.536934Primo Benitez-Rangel, J., Trejo-Hernández, M., Alberto Morales-Hernández, L., & Domínguez-González, A. (2010). Improvement of the Injection Mold Process by Using Vibration Through a Mold Accessory. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 25(7), 577-580. doi:10.1080/10426910903124902Chen, C.-C. (2011). Design of Effective Parameters on the Wick-Debinding Process for Powder Injection Molded Green Compact. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26(10), 1261-1268. doi:10.1080/10426914.2010.544826Boronat, T., Segui, V. J., Peydro, M. A., & Reig, M. J. (2009). Influence of temperature and shear rate on the rheology and processability of reprocessed ABS in injection molding process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209(5), 2735-2745. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.06.013Cross, M. M. (1965). Rheology of non-Newtonian fluids: A new flow equation for pseudoplastic systems. Journal of Colloid Science, 20(5), 417-437. doi:10.1016/0095-8522(65)90022-xReig, M. J., Segui, V. J., & Zamanillo, J. D. (2005). Rheological Behavior Modeling of Recycled ABS/PC Blends Applied to Injection Molding Process. Journal of Polymer Engineering, 25(5). doi:10.1515/polyeng.2005.25.5.43

Demostració pràctica de la validesa dels models matemàtics en elements finits. Aplicació al model de Cross

[EN] The mathematical model's validity used in computer programs are based on a specific formula implemented leading commercial software. Since these programs use their own databases of materials sometimes the question arises of what the miscalculation in what we are committing or sometimes what can happen when incorporating external data materials tested in other laboratories. In the present work, developed the practice's materials engineering used in the formulation of the model to calculate cross what the viscosity behavior in some recycled materials that are not included in the databases of package's calculations and also allows us to calculate deviations with respect to the real transformation of specimens tested.[ES] La validesa dels models matemàtics aplicats en programes de càlcul, es basen en una formulació especifica que porten implementats els programes comercials. Atès que aquests programes utilitzen les seues pròpies bases de dades de materials en ocasions sorgeix el dubte de quin és l'error de càlcul en el que estem incorrent o en ocasions que pot passar quan incorporem dades externes de materials assajats en altres laboratoris. En el present treball, desenvolupat a les pràctiques d'enginyeria de materials s'ha utilitzat la formulació del model de Cross per a calcular com serà el comportament de la viscositat en determinats materials reciclats que no estan incorporats en les bases de dades dels paquets de càlcul i a més ens permet conèixer les desviacions de càlcul respecte a la transformació real de les provetes experimentades.Ferrándiz, S.; Arrieta, M.; López, J.; Navarro, R. (2013). Demostració pràctica de la validesa dels models matemàtics en elements finits. Aplicació al model de Cross. Modelling in Science Education and Learning. 6(3):67-73. doi:10.4995/msel.2013.1981SWORD67736

Debatiendo las metodologías participativas: un proceso en ocho saltos

To consider truly involved and transformative participatory methodologies a design of 8 jumps is proposed based on the case of Entrevías-El Pozo (Madrid). The articulation of participatory methodologies, as a paradigm, with other techniques such as group meetings or sociograms, they imply the involvement of the subjects in the design and implementation of the research itself, as well as in its action-oriented organization. In this design it is about playing with the notions of "open to close" and "close to open" (Villasante, 1994) that allow various processes, through techniques such as self-reflection, initial negotiation, the map strategic, active listening with multi-slogans, social creativity workshops, the prioritization of proposals, the self-organizational structure and the overflow. To do this, a description of the Entrevías-El Pozo process is made, following the aforementioned design. This case serves as a reference for the methodological development of the 8 jumps.  Para considerar verdaderamente implicadas y transformadoras a las metodologías participativas se plantea un diseño de 8 saltos basado en el caso de Entrevías-El Pozo (Madrid). La articulación de las metodologías participativas, como paradigma, con otras técnicas como las reuniones de grupo o los sociogramas, suponen la implicación de los sujetos en el diseño y la implementación de la propia investigación, así como en su organización orientada a la acción. En este diseño se trata de jugar con las nociones de “abrir para cerrar” y “cerrar para abrir” (Villasante, 1994) que permiten diversos procesos, a través de técnicas como la auto-reflexión, la negociación inicial, el mapa estratégico, la escucha activa con multi-lemas, los talleres de creatividad social, la priorización de propuestas, la estructura auto-organizativa y el desborde. Para ello se realiza una descripción del proceso de Entrevías-El Pozo siguiendo el diseño antes comentado. Este caso sirve de referente para el desarrollo metodológico de los 8 saltos.To consider truly involved and transformative participatory methodologies a design of 8 jumps is proposed based on the case of Entrevías-El Pozo (Madrid). The articulation of participatory methodologies, as a paradigm, with other techniques such as group meetings or sociograms, they imply the involvement of the subjects in the design and implementation of the research itself, as well as in its action-oriented organization. In this design it is about playing with the notions of "open to close" and "close to open" (Villasante, 1994) that allow various processes, through techniques such as self-reflection, initial negotiation, the map strategic, active listening with multi-slogans, social creativity workshops, the prioritization of proposals, the self-organizational structure and the overflow. To do this, a description of the Entrevías-El Pozo process is made, following the aforementioned design. This case serves as a reference for the methodological development of the 8 jumps

Asymmetric Organocatalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents

The recent advances in asymmetric organocatalysis using eutectic mixtures as a reaction medium are revised in this mini‐review. In addition, the first enantioselective transformations using chiral eutectic solvents, which play the role of a green medium and organocatalyst, are described. In this mini‐review we intend to deepen not only in the synthetic aspects of asymmetric organocatalysis in eutectic mixtures, but also in the fundamental issues that seem to be essential for a successful development of this promising, and at the same time challenging, methodology.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN, PGC2018-096616-B-I00), the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173 and VIGROB-316FI), and the University of Pisa (PRA_2018_36)

Study and analysis of injection molding of thermoplastic polymeric materials

[EN] This article aims at analyzing the injection molding of thermoplastic polymeric materials by examining their current situation from the perspective of industrial production, the evolution of technology and modeling of the injection process.[ES] El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis del moldeo por inyección de materiales poliméricos termoplásticos, estudiando su situación actual desde la perspectiva de la producción industrial, la evolución de la técnica y la modelización del proceso de inyección.Authors thank “Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología”, Ref: DPI2007-66849-C02-02 and Generalitat Valenciana FPA/2010/027 for financial support.Juárez Varón, D.; Balart, R.; Peydro, MA.; Ferrándiz Bou, S. (2012). Estudio y análisis del moldeo por inyección de materiales poliméricos termoplásticos. 3c Tecnologia. (3):40-53. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/33135S4053

Contenidos transmedia de las teleseries españolas: clasificación, análisis y panorama en 2013

En este artículo analizamos los contenidos transmedia que tienen como “nave nodriza” las series programadas por las cadenas de televisión tanto nacionales (La 1, Antena 3, Telecinco) como autonómicas (TV3, ETB, TVG, Canal Sur) con producción propia y de estreno en 2013. Son en total 33 títulos, entre los que se encuentran Aída, Frágiles, La que se avecina (Telecinco); El barco, Bandolera, Amar es para siempre, El tiempo entre costuras (Antena 3); Cuéntame, Gran Reserva, Isabel, Águila Roja (La 1), La riera, Polseres vermelles (TV3); DHB, Goenkale (ETB); Matalobos, Padre Casares (TVG) y Arrayán y Flamán (Canal Sur). Hacemos un repaso de los sites de las series, donde se concentran los contenidos transmedia, y proponemos una clasificación de la gran variedad de formatos encontrados, recurriendo a las distintas categorías de touchpoints que permiten el contacto del receptor con la narración televisiva fuera de la pequeña pantalla. Los resultados apuntan a una presencia abrumadora de los contenidos reenvasados o adaptados al nuevo medio o plataforma y a una escasa todavía expansión transmedial con contenidos inéditos, diferenciados por medio y narrativamente relevantes

Estudios etnobotánicos sobre plantas medicinales en la provincia de Camagüey (Cuba)

An ethnobotanical study has been conducted on traditional medicinal plant uses in seven communities of the Province of Camagüey, Cuba. Ethnobotanical information on 111 plant species from 96 genera and 55 families have been recorded along with 116 different vernacular names. These species are used in the treatment of 173 local health problems (mainly in respiratory, digestive, liver and gallbladder, and skin disorders). Chemistry composition of 39 species is unknown and ethnopharmacological use of 18 species has not been reported previously in the literature. The data collected in this study contribute to the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of some of the studied species.<br><br>Como resultado del trabajo de campo realizado en siete comunidades de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba, sobre el uso popular e indicaciones de plantas medicinales, se presenta información etnobotánica sobre 111 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 96 géneros y a 55 familias. Se obtuvieron 173 indicaciones de uso medicinal, principalmente para afecciones respiratorias, digestivas, hepatobiliares y dermatológicas. Se listaron 116 nombres vernáculos de especies vegetales. Se desconoce la composición química de 39 de las especies y de 18 no se encontraron referencias de su utilización en farmacia. Los datos empíricos obtenidos sobre usos de plantas estimularon la validación farmacológica y toxicológica de algunas de ellas