Dinoflagellates Amyloodinium and Ichthyodinium (Dinophyceae), parasites of marine fishes in the South Atlantic Ocean

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 131 (2018): 29-37, doi:10.3354/dao03274.The morphology and molecular phylogeny of the parasitic dinoflagellates Ichthyodinium chabelardi and Amyloodinium ocellatum was investigated off Brazil (South Atlantic Ocean). This is the first record of Ichthyodinium and the first molecular data of both parasites from the southern hemisphere. Ichthyodinium chabelardi infected the yolk of eggs of feral populations of Argentine anchovy (Engraulis anchoita; Engraulidae) and Brazilian sardinella (Sardinella brasiliensis; Clupeidae) in different seasons. The SSU rRNA and ITS gene sequences were identical and confirmed Ichthyodinium as a host generalist. The new sequences clustered with the type species I. chabelardi from the North Atlantic and environmental sequences from the Pacific Ocean. A second species from the western Pacific remains undescribed. Amyloodinium ocellatum was isolated from the gills of a cultured cobia fish (Rachycentron canadum) after causing mortality. The SSU rRNA gene sequence of the Brazilian isolate was almost identical to those from the northern hemisphere. This suggests a single species with a widespread distribution, although it is uncertain whether the species has a natural pantropical distribution or is the result of artificial distribution due to the humaninduced fish transport.F.G. was supported by the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [grant number BJT 370646/2013–14]

Phylogeny and synonymy of Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a common unarmored dinoflagellate in the world oceans

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gómez, F., Artigas, L.F., Gast, R.J. Phylogeny and synonymy of Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a common unarmored dinoflagellate in the world oceans. Acta Protozoologica, 59 (2), (2020): 77-87, doi: 10.4467/16890027AP.20.007.12675.The North Sea and the English Channel are regions with a long tradition of plankton studies, where the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa dominates the spring phytoplankton blooms. Among its predators, we investigated an abundant unarmored dinoflagellate (~3000 cells per liter) in the North Sea in May 2019. It has been reported in the literature as Gymnodinium heterostriatum or G. striatissimum, and often identified as Gyrodinium spirale. Phylogenetic analyses using the small-, large subunit- and Internal Transcriber Spacers of the ribosomal RNA (SSU-, LSU-, ITS rRNA) gene sequences indicate that our isolates clustered within the Gyrodinium clade. The new sequences formed a sister group with sequences of the freshwater taxon Gyrodinium helveticum, being one of the infrequent marine-freshwater transitions in the microbial world. This isolate is the first characterized member of a clade of numerous environmental sequences widely distributed from cold to tropical seas. This common and abundant taxon has received several names due to its morphological plasticity (changes of size and shape, often deformed after engulfing prey) and the difficulty in discerning surface striation. We conclude that the priority is for the species name Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921, a new name that was proposed for Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906. The species Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 and Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine in Parke & Dixon 1964 (=G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925) are posterior synonyms. We propose Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. for Gymnodinium heterostriatum.F.G. was partly supported by the convention #2101893310 between CNRS INSU and the French Ministry of Ecology (MTES) for the implementation of the Monitoring Program of the European Marine Strategy Framework directive (MSFD) for pelagic habitats and the descriptor ‘biodiversity’. Samples were collected within the framework of JERICO-NEXT (www.jerico-ri.eu), a European (H2020) project to establish a joint international network of coastal observatories, during a 4-day collaborative monitoring campaign of the Southern North Sea. Part of the infrastructure and data were provided by VLIZ (Flanders Marine Institute) and funded by Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to the LifeWatch project

Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Molecular phylogeny and synonymy of Balechina gracilis comb. nov. (= Gymnodinium gracile ), a widespread polymorphic unarmored dinoflagellate (Dinophyceae)

Gymnodinium gracile, described from the coasts of Denmark in 1881, is one of the first described unarmored dinoflagellates. Individuals which morphologically fit with the original description were isolated from the English Channel (North‐East Atlantic). The SSU rRNA gene sequences were identical to the sequences identified as Balechina pachydermata and Gymnodinium amphora from the Mediterranean Sea and Brazil. We propose the transfer of Gymnodinium gracile into the genus Balechina as B. gracilis comb. nov. These sequences constitute an independent lineage, clustering with numerous environmental sequences from polar to tropical waters. The widespread distribution, the high plasticity in size, shape and coloration and the difficulties in discerning the fine longitudinal striae have contributed to the description of numerous synonyms: Amphidinium vasculum, Balechina pachydermata (=Gymnodinium pachydermatum), Gymnodinium achromaticum, G. abbreviatum, G. amphora, G. dogielii, G. lohmannii (=G. roseum sensu Lohmann 1908), G. situla and Gyrodinium cuneatum (=G. gracile sensu Pouchet 1885)

Molecular phylogeny of the parasitic dinoflagellate Syltodinium listii (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) and generic transfer of Syltodinium undulans comb. nov. (= Gyrodinium undulans)

© The Author(s), 2019. This is the author's version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gómez Fernando, Felipe Artigas Luis, J. Gast Rebecca. Molecular phylogeny of the parasitic dinoflagellate Syltodinium listii (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) and generic transfer of Syltodinium undulans comb. nov. (=Gyrodinium undulans). European Journal of Protistology, (2019): 125636, doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125636.The parasitic dinoflagellate Syltodinium listii was investigated from the open waters of the English Channel and the NW Mediterranean Sea. Syltodinium listii has been unreported since its original description in the North Sea. Cells of S. listii were able to immediately infect copepod eggs of different species, and even nauplii, and after each infection to form up to 32 cells embedded in a mucous envelope. Infection of the same host by more than one dinoflagellate was frequent; although overall, the progeny were reduced in number. Molecular phylogeny based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene revealed that S. listii clusters with a group of environmental sequences from the cold North Atlantic region as a sister group of Gymnodinium aureolum. The large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) gene sequences of S. listii from the English Channel and cf. Gyrodinium undulans from the Mediterranean Sea were identical. Thus, we propose Syltodinium undulans comb. nov. for Gyrodinium undulans. The first internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and complete SSU rRNA gene sequences of Dissodinium pseudolunula are provided. The parasitic species of Chytriodinium, Dissodinium and Syltodinium cluster together within the family Chytriodiniaceae, including the free-living species Gymnodinium aureolum, G. corollarium and G. plasticum.F.G. was supported by the Ministerio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología [contract JCI-2010-08492], and by the convention #2101893310 between CNRS-INSU and the French Ministry for the Ecological and Solidary Transition (MTES) for the implementation of the Monitoring Program of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), which also supported the ECOPEL-Manche cruises.2020-09-1

Phylogeny and Synonymy of Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a Common Unarmored Dinoflagellate in the World Oceans

International audienceThe North Sea and the English Channel are regions with a long tradition of plankton studies, where the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa dominates the spring phytoplankton blooms. Among its predators, we investigated an abundant unarmored dinoflagellate (~3000 cells per liter) in the North Sea in May 2019. It has been reported in the literature as Gymnodinium heterostriatum or G. striatissimum, and often identified as Gyrodinium spirale. Phylogenetic analyses using the small-, large subunit- and Internal Transcriber Spacers of the ribosomal RNA (SSU-, LSU-, ITS rRNA) gene sequences indicate that our isolates clustered within the Gyrodinium clade. The new sequences formed a sister group with sequences of the freshwater taxon Gyrodinium helveticum, being one of the infrequent marine-freshwater transitions in the microbial world. This isolate is the first characterized member of a clade of numerous environmental sequences widely distributed from cold to tropical seas. This common and abundant taxon has received several names due to its morphological plasticity (changes of size and shape, often deformed after engulfing prey) and the difficulty in discerning surface striation. We conclude that the priority is for the species name Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921, a new name that was proposed for Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906. The species Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 and Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine in Parke & Dixon 1964 (=G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925) are posterior synonyms. We propose Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. for Gymnodinium heterostriatum

Aves rapaces diurnas de Colombia

Las rapaces son aves depredadoras que cazan y se alimentan de insectos, animales muertos y vertebrados tales como anfibios, reptiles, mamíferos, peces y otras aves. Las águilas, los gallinazos, los gavilanes y los halcones son aves rapaces diurnas que tienen adaptaciones para capturar y matar a sus presas como el sentido de la visión, el cual es casi nueve veces más desarrollado que el de los humanos y les permite ver objetos pequeños desde grandes distancias, un tercer párpado semitransparente que les sirve para proteger el ojo de las agresiones de las presas capturadas y picos curvados y fuertes en forma de gancho para poder desgarrar pedazos de la presa y consumirlos. Algunas de estas aves tienen una dieta amplia, mientras que en otras es sumamente especializada lo que se refleja en su morfología (por ejemplo diferentes formas de picos, tamaños de garras entre otros) y en sus hábitos.Bogotá, D. C

Rediscovery of a Caribbean living fossil: Pholadomya candida GB Sowerby I, 1823 (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Pholadomyoidea)

Volume: 123Start Page: 19End Page: 2

Jenynsia luxata, a new species from Northwestern Argentina, with additional observations of J. maculataRegan and phylogeny of the genus (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae)

Jenynsia luxata, una nueva especie del noroeste de Argentina, es descripta. Esta especie es diagnosticable por presentar los procesos mediales de los huesos pélvicos izquierdo y derecho relativamente reducidos y separados. La nueva especie se parece a J. multidentata, pero se distingue de ésta por la ausencia de un abultamiento entre la abertura urogenital y la base de la aleta anal en hembras y por detalles en el patrón de coloración. Los análisis filogenéticos, tanto bajo pesos implicados como iguales, recuperan los subgéneros Plesiojenynsia y Jenynsia como unidades monofiléticas. Se aporta nueva información sobre caracteres de J. maculata previamente codificados como entradas faltantes. Esos datos y los caracteres filogenéticos codificados para la nueva especie aquí descripta contribuyen a una mayor resolución de las relaciones filogenéticas dentro del subgénero Jenynsia, que está aquí soportado por sinapomorfías adicionales en relación a las filogenias previas.Jenynsia luxata, a new species from northwestern Argentina, is described. This species is diagnosable from all other Jenynsia by the medial processes of left and right pelvic bones relatively reduced and separated from each other. The new species resembles J. multidentata, but it is further distinguished from this species by the absence of a swelling between the urogenital opening and the anterior base of the anal fin in females and details of coloration. Phylogenetic analyses, both under implied and equal weighting, recover the subgenera Plesiojenynsia and Jenynsia as monophyletic units. New information on previously missing characters of Jenynsia maculata is added. These data and phylogenetic characters coded for the new species herein described contribute to a better resolution of the phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus Jenynsia, which is herein supported by additional synapomorphies relative to previous phylogenies.Fil: Aguilera, Gastón. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Vertebrados. Sección Ictiología; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET - Tucumán; Argentina;Fil: Mirande, Juan Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET - Tucumán; Argentina; Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Vertebrados. Sección Ictiología; Argentina;Fil: Calviño, Pablo A.. Grupo de Estudio del Killi Club Argentino; Argentina;Fil: Lobo, Luis Fernando. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Vertebrados. Sección Ictiología; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET - Tucumán; Argentina