El Venablo de Guernica (Vizcaya)

EL ejemplar que traemos a estas páginas supone hoy por hoy, y tras intensas investigaciones, una sorpresa, dada su sin igual tipología en los corpus tanto nacionales como extranjeros de esta parte del globo. Lamentablemente extraviado hace años, nos hemos guiado por los moldes perfectamente obtenidos por el finado Jesús Larrea, y que por el simple hecho de haber sido estudiada la pieza en tales condiciones, pese al magnífico trabajo de reproducción, no escapa «quizás» a las observaciones deficientes —ajenas a nuestra voluntad— que la pieza moldeada pudiera tener, al no contar, como hemos indicado, con el ejemplar original

Algo está cambiando: Propuesta didáctica sobre cambio climático basada en aprendizaje por indagación para 1º y 3º de ESO

Hoy en día, el desarrollo de la competencia científica durante la etapa educativa se ha convertido en uno de los objetivos internacionales de mayor transcendencia. El uso de metodologías activas en el aula, como son la enseñanza de las ciencias basada en indagación (IBSE), la modelización y el uso de experimentación analógica, constituye un recurso eficaz para favorecer tanto el desarrollo de esta competencia como el conocimiento de la naturaleza de la ciencia (epistemología). Se presenta una propuesta didáctica fundamentada en las estrategias anteriormente mencionadas y destinada a la materia de Biología y Geología de los cursos 1º y 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Esta consta de 12 actividades que versan acerca del tópico del cambio climático y otros contenidos relacionados con el mismo presentes en el currículo establecido en la legislación para estos niveles. Asimismo, se ofrece una propuesta de evaluación y de medidas para la atención a la diversidad.Nowadays, scientific competency development in the different educational stages is one the greatest international aims. The use of active learning methodologies in the classroom, such as the Inquiry based on Science Education approach (IBSE), the modelling and the use of analogue experiments, represents and effective resource to support both the development of this competence and the knowledge about the nature of science ( that is, epistemology). We present a didactic project based on the strategies previously mentioned and aimed at the subject of Biology and Geology for the first and third year of Secondary Education. The project consists of twelve activities dealing with the climate change topic and other related contents which can be found in the legislation for these levels. Additionally, an assessment design and attention to diversity measures are provided.Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales (Universidad de Granada)Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR)Grupo de Investigación HUM613 (Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y de la Sostenibilidad

Worldwide Research Trends on Solar-Driven Water Disinfection

“Ensure access to water for all”, states Goal 6 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This worldwide challenge requires identifying the best water disinfection method for each scenario. Traditional methods have limitations, which include low effectiveness towards certain pathogens and the formation of disinfection byproducts. Solar-driven methods, such as solar water disinfection (SODIS) or solar photocatalysis, are novel, effective, and financially and environmentally sustainable alternatives. We have conducted a critical study of publications in the field of water disinfection using solar energy and, hereby, present the first bibliometric analysis of scientific literature from Elsevier’s Scopus database within the last 20 years. Results show that in this area of growing interest USA, Spain, and China are the most productive countries in terms of publishing, yet Europe hosts the most highly recognized research groups, i.e., Spain, Switzerland, Ireland, and UK. We have also reviewed the journals in which researchers mostly publish and, using a systematic approach to determine the actual research trends and gaps, we have analyzed the capacity of these publications to answer key research questions, pinpointing six clusters of keywords in relation to the main research challenges, open areas, and new applications that lie ahead. Most publications focused on SODIS and photocatalytic nanomaterials, while a limited number focused on ensuring adequate water disinfection levels, testing regulated microbial indicators and emerging pathogens, and real-world applications, which include complex matrices, large scale processes, and exhaustive cost evaluation

From Consumerism to Guilt: About Disciplinary Effects of the Economic Crisis

La situación de crisis económica que se ha instalado en España desde hace más de dos años está teniendo efectos significativos en las formas de relación de la ciudadanía con el consumo que pueden ir más allá de la caída de las cifras de ventas. A ello se suma una preocupación creciente por la sostenibilidad de los patrones consumistas actuales y el surgimiento de pautas de consumo responsable que, con la profundización de la crisis económica, se enfrentan a nuevas oportunidades y riesgos. El artículo que presentamos aquí se basa en un proyecto de investigación empírico cuyo objetivo principal ha sido el de reconstruir el mapa de necesidades y prácticas de consumo en España, con el fin de valorar el impacto de la crisis en las mismas. Para ello, nuestra perspectiva ha sido la de ahondar en estas complejidades no desde el análisis de las cifras sino del de los discursos, dentro de una investigación sociológica de carácter cualitativo cuya metodología será la de los grupos de discusión. En el trabajo presentado, se discutirán los resultados del análisis de los mismos, diseccionando la relación que, en dichos grupos, se ha establecido entre el hecho y acto del consumo y unos ciertos límites dados que, en el momento previo a la crisis, han sido sobrepasados, generando un peculiar discurso cuyo eje principal es el de la culpabilidad.The economic crisis that Spain has been facing since two years ago is showing significant effects in the way citizens are dealing with consumption. Beyond decreases in the sales, there is a rising anxiety about the sustainability of the current consumption patterns as well as a concern related to new tendencies towards responsible consumption which face new challenges and opportunities. The paper we are presenting here is based on an empirical research project whose main goal has been to map necessities and consumption practices in Spain, trying to assess the impact of the crisis. To do so, our perspective has been to deepen into these complexities from the discursive side, in a qualitative sociological research whose methodology has been based on focus groups. In this work, we will discuss the analysis of the results focusing on the relationship between the act of consumption and a certain set of imposed limits that, in the pre-crisis moment -and according to the focus group participants-, have been surpassed. This has helped to develop a peculiar discourse on consumption whose main axis is guil

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Emoterapia

Treball Final de Grau en Comunicació Audiovisual. Codi: Curs: 2013/2014Emoterapia es un cortometraje de ficción que se ha realizado para sensibilizar a la sociedad de las consecuencias negativas de las nuevas tecnologías (TIC) en las relaciones interpersonales. Su finalidad es múltiple: criticar la necesidad del uso constante de las TIC, concienciar a la sociedad de sus efectos nocivos y denunciar el doble rasero existente respecto a dicho tema. Mediante una idea y su posterior desarrollo en guión, el proyecto fue creciendo hasta convertirse en una obra audiovisual en la que se criticaba abiertamente la adicción a las TICs en general y al WhatsApp en particular por parte de un gran estrato de la sociedad. Esta pequeña investigación, a la que apunta -como demanda- el cortometraje en tono de comedia, es vital para poder mejorar como sociedad y continuar avanzando hacia el futuro, en una época en la que las TICs dominan el panorama comunicativo.Emoterapia is a fiction short film, which has been created to heighten the awareness in society about the negative consequences of the new technologies (ITCs) in the interpersonal relationships. Its finality is multiple: critic the need of constant use of ITCs, concienciate the society about its bad effects and denounce the double standard existing about this topic. Thanks to an idea and its later development into a screenplay, the project was rounded out until it became an audiovisual project where the ITCs addition in general and to WhatsApp in particular by a wide part of the society are openly critiqued. This small research, pointed to –as it is required- the short film in a humorous tone, is vital to be able to improve as a society and to continue moving forwards towards the future, in period in ITCs dominate the communicative world

Genome-wide analysis of porcine backfat and intramuscular fat fatty acid composition using high-density genotyping and expression data

[EN] Background: Porcine fatty acid composition is a key factor for quality and nutritive value of pork. Several QTLs for fatty acid composition have been reported in diverse fat tissues. The results obtained so far seem to point out different genetic control of fatty acid composition conditional on the fat deposits. Those studies have been conducted using simple approaches and most of them focused on one single tissue. The first objective of the present study was to identify tissue-specific and tissue-consistent QTLs for fatty acid composition in backfat and intramuscular fat, combining linkage mapping and GWAS approaches and conducted under single and multitrait models. A second aim was to identify powerful candidate genes for these tissue-consistent QTLs, using microarray gene expression data and following a targeted genetical genomics approach. Results: The single model analyses, linkage and GWAS, revealed over 30 and 20 chromosomal regions, 24 of them identified here for the first time, specifically associated to the content of diverse fatty acids in BF and IMF, respectively. The analyses with multitrait models allowed identifying for the first time with a formal statistical approach seven different regions with pleiotropic effects on particular fatty acids in both fat deposits. The most relevant were found on SSC8 for C16:0 and C16:1(n-7) fatty acids, detected by both linkage and GWAS approaches. Other detected pleiotropic regions included one on SSC1 for C16:0, two on SSC4 for C16:0 and C18:2, one on SSC11 for C20:3 and the last one on SSC17 for C16:0. Finally, a targeted eQTL scan focused on regions showing tissue consistent effects was conducted with Longissimus and fat gene expression data. Some powerful candidate genes and regions were identified such as the PBX1, RGS4, TRIB3 and a transcription regulatory element close to ELOVL6 gene to be further studied. Conclusions: Complementary genome scans have confirmed several chromosome regions previously associated to fatty acid composition in backfat and intramuscular fat, but even more, to identify new ones. Although most of the detected regions were tissue-specific, supporting the hypothesis that the major part of genes affecting fatty acid composition differs among tissues, seven chromosomal regions showed tissue-consistent effects. Additional gene expression analyses have revealed powerful target regions to carry the mutation responsible for the pleiotropic effects.This work was funded by the MICINN project AGL2011-29821-C02 (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad). We thank to Fabian Garcia, Anna Mercade and Carmen Barragan for their assistance in DNA preparation and SNP genotyping.Muñoz, M.; Rodríguez, MC.; Alves, E.; Folch, J.; Ibañez Escriche, N.; Silió, L.; Fernández, A. (2013). Genome-wide analysis of porcine backfat and intramuscular fat fatty acid composition using high-density genotyping and expression data. BMC Genomics. 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-845S14Lichtenstein, A. H. (2003). Dietary Fat and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Quantity or Quality? Journal of Women’s Health, 12(2), 109-114. doi:10.1089/154099903321576493Jiménez-Colmenero, F., Ventanas, J., & Toldrá, F. (2010). Nutritional composition of dry-cured ham and its role in a healthy diet. Meat Science, 84(4), 585-593. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.029Webb, E. C., & O’Neill, H. A. (2008). The animal fat paradox and meat quality. Meat Science, 80(1), 28-36. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.029Wood, J. D., Enser, M., Fisher, A. V., Nute, G. R., Sheard, P. R., Richardson, R. I., … Whittington, F. M. (2008). Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Science, 78(4), 343-358. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.019Martı́n, L., Timón, M. L., Petrón, M. J., Ventanas, J., & Antequera, T. (2000). Evolution of volatile aldehydes in Iberian ham matured under different processing conditions. Meat Science, 54(4), 333-337. doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00107-2Fernández, A., de Pedro, E., Núñez, N., Silió, L., Garcı́a-Casco, J., & Rodrı́guez, C. (2003). Genetic parameters for meat and fat quality and carcass composition traits in Iberian pigs. Meat Science, 64(4), 405-410. doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00207-3Sellier, P., Maignel, L., & Bidanel, J. P. (2009). Genetic parameters for tissue and fatty acid composition of backfat, perirenal fat and longissimus muscle in Large White and Landrace pigs. animal, 4(4), 497-504. doi:10.1017/s1751731109991261Suzuki, K., Ishida, M., Kadowaki, H., Shibata, T., Uchida, H., & Nishida, A. (2006). Genetic correlations among fatty acid compositions in different sites of fat tissues, meat production, and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 84(8), 2026-2034. doi:10.2527/jas.2005-660Clop, A., Ovilo, C., Perez-Enciso, M., Cercos, A., Tomas, A., Fernandez, A., … Noguera, J. L. (2003). Detection of QTL affecting fatty acid composition in the pig. Mammalian Genome, 14(9), 650-656. doi:10.1007/s00335-002-2210-7Nii, M., Hayashi, T., Tani, F., Niki, A., Mori, N., Fujishima-Kanaya, N., … Mikawa, S. (2006). Quantitative trait loci mapping for fatty acid composition traits in perirenal and back fat using a Japanese wild boar × Large White intercross. Animal Genetics, 37(4), 342-347. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01485.xRamayo-Caldas, Y., Mercadé, A., Castelló, A., Yang, B., Rodríguez, C., Alves, E., … Folch, J. M. (2012). Genome-wide association study for intramuscular fatty acid composition in an Iberian × Landrace cross1. Journal of Animal Science, 90(9), 2883-2893. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4900Uemoto, Y., Soma, Y., Sato, S., Ishida, M., Shibata, T., Kadowaki, H., … Suzuki, K. (2011). Genome-wide mapping for fatty acid composition and melting point of fat in a purebred Duroc pig population. Animal Genetics, 43(1), 27-34. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02218.xGuo, T., Ren, J., Yang, K., Ma, J., Zhang, Z., & Huang, L. (2009). Quantitative trait loci for fatty acid composition in longissimus dorsi and abdominal fat: results from a White Duroc × Erhualian intercross F2population. Animal Genetics, 40(2), 185-191. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01819.xRamos, A. M., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., Affara, N. A., Amaral, A. J., Archibald, A. L., Beever, J. E., … Groenen, M. A. M. (2009). Design of a High Density SNP Genotyping Assay in the Pig Using SNPs Identified and Characterized by Next Generation Sequencing Technology. PLoS ONE, 4(8), e6524. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006524Corominas, J., Ramayo-Caldas, Y., Puig-Oliveras, A., Pérez-Montarelo, D., Noguera, J. L., Folch, J. M., & Ballester, M. (2013). Polymorphism in the ELOVL6 Gene Is Associated with a Major QTL Effect on Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e53687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053687Ponsuksili, S., Jonas, E., Murani, E., Phatsara, C., Srikanchai, T., Walz, C., … Wimmers, K. (2008). Trait correlated expression combined with expression QTL analysis reveals biological pathways and candidate genes affecting water holding capacity of muscle. BMC Genomics, 9(1), 367. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-367Steibel, J. P., Bates, R. O., Rosa, G. J. M., Tempelman, R. J., Rilington, V. D., Ragavendran, A., … Ernst, C. W. (2011). Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Global Gene Expression in Loin Muscle Tissue Identifies Candidate Genes in Pigs. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e16766. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016766C�novas, A., Quintanilla, R., Amills, M., & Pena, R. N. (2010). Muscle transcriptomic profiles in pigs with divergent phenotypes for fatness traits. BMC Genomics, 11(1), 372. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-372Uemoto, Y., Sato, S., Ohnishi, C., Terai, S., Komatsuda, A., & Kobayashi, E. (2009). The effects of single and epistatic quantitative trait loci for fatty acid composition in a Meishan × Duroc crossbred population. Journal of Animal Science, 87(11), 3470-3476. doi:10.2527/jas.2009-1917Muñoz, M., Alves, E., Ramayo-Caldas, Y., Casellas, J., Rodríguez, C., Folch, J. M., … Fernández, A. I. (2011). Recombination rates across porcine autosomes inferred from high-density linkage maps. Animal Genetics, 43(5), 620-623. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02301.xQuintanilla, R., Pena, R. N., Gallardo, D., Cánovas, A., Ramírez, O., Díaz, I., … Amills, M. (2011). Porcine intramuscular fat content and composition are regulated by quantitative trait loci with muscle-specific effects1. Journal of Animal Science, 89(10), 2963-2971. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-3974Liaubet, L., Lobjois, V., Faraut, T., Tircazes, A., Benne, F., Iannuccelli, N., … Cherel, P. (2011). Genetic variability of transcript abundance in pig peri-mortem skeletal muscle: eQTL localized genes involved in stress response, cell death, muscle disorders and metabolism. BMC Genomics, 12(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-548Mitchell-Olds, T. (2010). Complex-trait analysis in plants. Genome Biology, 11(4), 113. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-4-113Scoggan, K. A., Jakobsson, P.-J., & Ford-Hutchinson, A. W. (1997). Production of Leukotriene C4in Different Human Tissues Is Attributable to Distinct Membrane Bound Biosynthetic Enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272(15), 10182-10187. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.15.10182JAKOBSSON, A., WESTERBERG, R., & JACOBSSON, A. (2006). Fatty acid elongases in mammals: Their regulation and roles in metabolism. 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Peripheral and central fatigue after high intensity resistance circuit training

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high intensity resistance circuit (HIRC) and traditional strength training (TST) on neuromuscular fatigue and metabolic responses.Methods: Twelve trained young subjects performed HIRC and TST in a counterbalanced order with 1 week rest in-between. The amount of workload and the inter-set time for each local muscle group were matched (180 s), however, the time between successive exercises differed. The twitch interpolation technique was used to test neuromuscular function of the knee extensor muscles. Blood lactate concentration was used to evaluate metabolic responses.Results: Maximum voluntary contraction and resting potentiated twitch amplitude (Qtw) were significantly reduced after HIRC, but there were not changes after TST, while reductions in voluntary activation were similar. Lactate concentration increased significantly more after HIRC.Conclusions: The higher lactate concentration after HIRC probably impaired excitation-contraction coupling, indicating larger peripheral fatigue than after TS