NOVAS EVIDÊNCIAS SOBRE POUPANÇA, INVESTIMENTO E CRESCIMENTO NA AMÉRICA LATINA

Este artigo trás novas evidências sobre a relação entre poupança e crescimento e poupança e investimento a partir de um painel balanceado com informações anuais de 18 países latino americanos entre 1980 e 2009 construído com informações da base de dados do Banco Mundial. Usamos os testes de raízes unitárias para dados de painel de Levin, Lin e Chu (2002) e de Im, Peasaran e Shin (2003) para checar as pré-condições para cointegração em painel e o procedimento de Carroll e Weill (1994) para calcular os efeitos de longo prazo entre as variáveis analisadas. Não detectamos cointegração e detectamos relação de equilíbrio de longo prazo e Granger bicausalidade poupança e investimento e poupança e crescimento neste grupo de países neste período.

PRODUÇÃO DE LIXO NA FLORESTA: UM NOVO OLHAR PARA AS FLORESTAS ACREANAS

A Revolução Industrial iniciou um longo processo de alteração na produção de mercadorias e consequentemente nos padrões de consumo mundial. Devido os grandes investimentos em tecnologia, a  oferta  e  demanda  de  bens  atinge  grandes  proporções.  Esse  processo  contínuo  passou  por  várias modificações e aperfeiçoamentos, mas sempre com um crescimento da quantidade de mercadorias. As grandes indústrias hoje alcançam lugares antes inimagináveis para ofertar o seu produto e influenciar as decisões  do  consumidor.  Com  o  apoio  da  mídia,  propagam-se  os  padrões  de  consumo  dos  países desenvolvidos nos lugares mais remotos, como no interior das florestas. O exacerbado consumo de bens nessas localidades leva a um problema  antes característico do meio urbano: o destino dos resíduos oriundos  do  consumo.  O  objetivo  deste  trabalho  é  avaliar  a  geração  e  destino  do  lixo  nas  florestas acreanas. Para tanto, utilizaram-se materiais e métodos desenvolvidos pelo projeto ASPF, capitaneado pelo Departamento de Economia da UFAC. Assim, observou-se uma preocupante elevação da produção de lixo na floresta acreana, que pode contribuir para aumentar a degradação ambiental, colocando em xeque a sustentabilidade do sistema em questão

ADIÇÃO DE COLESTEROL CARREGADO COM CICLODEXTRINA AO SÊMEN OVINO NA CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO

The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of cholesterol carried by cyclodextrin (CCC) on frozen ovine sperm. Two ejaculates were collected from 10 rams (n=20) and diluted in Tris-Yolk until the final concentration of 200 x106sptz/mL was reached and kept in a water bath at 32 °C. The CCC was added: control (0,0mg), 1.5mg, 3.0mg, and 6.0mg of CCC/120 x106sptz/mL. After the addition, the semen was cooled at 5 °C for two hours, after that period, filled in 0.5mL straws, and then conditioned under liquid nitrogen vapor (N2L), at 8 cm of the liquid/15 minutes, and then immersed in N2L. The samples were analyzed for sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosomal membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and binding test. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. The highest percentage of plasma membrane integrity and the highest mitochondrial activity were obtained using 6.0mg of CCC. The addition of 3.0mg of CCC maintained the percentage of sperm motility after cryopreservation, when compared to other treatments and control. The addition of 1.5 and 3.0mg of CCC maintained the percentage of sperm viability after cryopreservation, above 65%. The count of sperm with ability to bind to the egg yolk perivitelline membrane was higher (p<0.05) with 3.0mg of CCC. It is concluded that the addition of CCC to the diluted semen, in the evaluated concentrations, improves the sperm quality after thawing.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de diferentes concentrações do colesterol carregado por ciclodextrina (CCC) sobre os espermatozoidescongelados de ovinos. Foram coletados dois ejaculados de 10 carneiros (n=20) e diluídos em Tris-Gema de ovo até a concentração final de 200 x106sptz/mL e mantidos em banho maria a 32 °C. O CCC foi adicionado: controle (0,0mg),1,5mg, 3,0mg e 6,0mg of CCC/120 x106sptz/mL. Após adição, o sêmen foi resfriado a 5 °C por duas horas, após esse período, envasado em palhetas de 0,5mL e então acondicionado sob vapor de nitrogênio líquido (N2L), a 8cm da lâmina líquida/15 minutos e depois imersos no N2L. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à motilidade espermática, integridade da membrana plasmática e da membrana acrossomal, atividade mitocondrial e teste de ligação. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância e médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O maior percentual de integridade da membrana plasmática, acrossomal e a maior atividade mitocondrial foram obtidos utilizando 6,0mg de CCC. A adição de 3,0mg de CCCmanteve o percentual de motilidade espermática após a criopreservação, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos e controle. A adição de 1,5 e 3,0mg de CCC mantiveram o percentual de viabilidade espermática após a criopreservação acima de 65%. O número de espermatozoides com capacidade de ligação a membrana perivitelina da gema de ovo foi maior (p<0,05) no tratamento com 3,0mg de CCC. Concluiu se que a adição de CCC ao sêmen diluído, nas concentrações avaliadas, melhora a qualidade espermática após descongelação

Carcinoma de células escamosas en la región del codo con metástasis en un canino: reporte de un caso

The study describes a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the elbow region with metastasis in a canine. The patient, a 9-year-old Labrador female presented an ulcerated lesion in the right elbow region, with a six-month evolution and she underwent surgical removal. The diagnosis of SCC was obtained after histopathological evaluation. Chemotherapy was proposed, but the tutor refused. The patient remained in follow-up with the responsible physician. There was the appearance of metastases in various regions of the body after three months, so euthanasia was chosen.El estudio describe un caso de carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) en la región del codo con metástasis en un canino. La paciente, hembra Labrador de 9 años presentó lesión ulcerada en la región del codo derecho, con evolución de seis meses, y fue sometida a extirpación quirúrgica. El diagnóstico de CCE se obtuvo después de la evaluación histopatológica. Se propuso quimioterapia, pero el tutor se negó. El paciente permaneció en seguimiento con el médico responsable. Hubo aparición de metástasis en varias regiones del cuerpo luego de tres meses, por lo que se optó por la eutanasia

Recursos físicos e insumos disponíveis como medidas de controle intra-hospitalar aplicadas para a prevenção da transmissão do mycobacterium tuberculosis / Physical resources and inputs available as in-hospital control measures applied to prevent transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Introdução: No Brasil, atualmente, os maiores desafios do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose (PNCT) consistem em expandir, tendo como estratégia o Tratamento Supervisionado (TS), a cobertura das ações de controle da TB, diminuir o número de casos de abandono do tratamento e incrementar as taxas de cura da doença. Objetivo: Descrever os recursos físicos como medidas de controle aplicadas para a prevenção da Transmissão do Mycobacterium tuberculosis na FMT/HVD. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo prospectivo de caráter descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Foram realizadas visitas nas enfermarias de isolamentos por aerossois para averiguação da existência de recursos físicos como medidas de controle aplicadas para a prevenção da Transmissão do Mycobacterium tuberculosis  e observado que 71,5% das salas de isolamentos não são composta por câmara e ante-câmara, 57,2% não existe exaustor para promoção de pressão negativa e 9,6% não estão identificadas. Conclusão: percebe-se a existência de recursos físicos e insumos tem grande importância na quebra de cadeia de transmissão desses microrganismos em ambiente hospitalar e que ha muito o que fazer

Down- and up-conversion photoluminescence of carbon-dots from brewing industry waste : application in live cell-imaging experiments

Simple synthetic procedures have been applied to obtain luminescent carbon quantum dots, also referred as C-dots, from an abundant carbon source, that is, from the brewing industry waste. The synthetic procedures have been conducted aiming to investigate the effects of the oxidation stage on the properties of the nanomaterial. C-dots down- and up-conversion properties, as well as their potential for cellular imaging experiments in live (and adhered) cells, are disclosed herein

A protective personal factor against disability and dependence in the elderly: an ordinal regression analysis with nine geographically-defined samples from Spain

Background Sense of Coherence (SOC) is defined as a tendency to perceive life experiences as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. The construct is split in three major domains: Comprehensibility, Manageability, and Meaningfulness. SOC has been associated with successful coping strategies in the face of illness and traumatic events and is a predictor of self-reported and objective health in a variety of contexts. In the present study we aim to evaluate the association of SOC with disability and dependence in Spanish elders. Methods A total of 377 participants aged 75 years or over from nine locations across Spain participated in the study (Mean age: 80.9 years; 65.3% women). SOC levels were considered independent variables in two ordinal logistic models on disability and dependence, respectively. Disability was established with the World health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (36-item version), while dependence was measured with the Extended Katz Index on personal and instrumental activities of daily living. The models included personal (sex, age, social contacts, availability of an intimate confidant), environmental (municipality size, access to social resources) and health-related covariates (morbidity). Results High Meaningfulness was a strong protective factor against both disability (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.29–0.87) and dependence (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.19–0.58) while moderate and high Comprehensibility was protective for disability (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22–0.70 and OR = 0.39; 95%CI = 0.21–0.74), but not for dependence. Easy access to social and health resources was also highly protective against both disability and dependence. Conclusions Our results are consistent with the view that high levels of SOC are protective against disability and dependence in the elderly. Elderly individuals with limited access to social and health resources and with low SOC may be a group at risk for dependence and disability in Spain.This project was partially funded by a research contract in support of the project “Epidemiological Study of Dementia in Spain” signed by the Pfizer Foundation and Carlos III Institute of HealthS

Prevalence of disability in a composite ≥75 year-old population in Spain: A screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability of elderly people have been studied in several European countries including Spain. However, there has been no population-based study incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as the basis for assessing disability. The present study reports prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability by the domains of activities and participation of the ICF.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine populations surveyed in previous prevalence studies contributed probabilistic and geographically defined samples in June 2005. The study sample was composed of 503 subjects aged ≥75 years. We implemented a two-phase screening design using the MMSE and the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2^ndedition (WHO-DAS II, 12 items) as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Participants scoring within the positive range of the disability screening were administered the full WHO-DAS II (36 items; score range: 0-100) assessing the following areas: Understanding and communication, Getting along with people, Life activities, Getting around, Participation in society, and Self-care. Each disability area assessed by WHO-DAS II (36 items) was reported according to the ICF severity ranges (No problem, 0-4; Mild disability, 5-24; Moderate disability, 25-49; Severe/Extreme disability, 50-100).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-adjusted disability prevalence figures were: 39.17 ± 2.18%, 15.31 ± 1.61%, and 10.14 ± 1.35% for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability, respectively. Severe and extreme disability prevalence in mobility and life activities was three times higher than the average, and highest among women. Sex variations were minimal, although life activities for women of 85 years and over had more severe/extreme disability as compared to men (OR = 5.15 95% CI 3.19-8.32).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly. Sex- and age-specific variations of disability are associated with particular disability domains.</p