90 research outputs found
Assessing Patient Adherence and Satisfaction: Clinical Services Beyond the Pharmacy Counter
Medication adherence is a bigger problem than many of us are willing to admit. If patients do not take their medications as prescribed, they will not get the full therapeutic benefits and will put themselves at risk if serious harm. An estimated 125,000 deaths occur in the United States annually due to non-adherence. The objective of this study is to establish a pharmacy intervention model that best provides patient satisfaction and improved medication adherence through the use of home visits and follow-up calls by pharmacists and pharmacy interns at Clarkâs Pharmacy. In order to do this, patients receiving home visits from pharmacists or pharmacy interns will receive phone calls 90 days after every visit. These will be patients that have recently been discharged from skilled nursing facilities and other health care centers. In the calls, survey questions will be asked in order to measure their adherence and satisfaction with the pharmacy. Satisfaction will be measured in addition to adherence because studies show that there is a positive correlation between it and adherence. The questions will be formulated in consultation with a pharmacist who has used a similar survey over the phone before. We will need to use convenience sampling, since only patients of Clarkâs Pharmacy already being visited at home will qualify to participate. This will be a cross-sectional study. Once data has been collected, SPSS will be used to run descriptive statistics, as well as a Chi-squared test. Data collection will take place from the spring of 2015 until the fall of 2016
Patientsâ Perceptions of Pharmacist Intervention Through Pre-Screened Medication Therapy Management Service
Background: The continued challenge of time commitment in a community pharmacy setting is reported by pharmacists as the single largest setback in providing quality patient care. Additionally, when efforts are made by pharmacists to intervene on a patientâs therapy through medication therapy management (MTM), patient âno showsâ further challenge an already busy community pharmacy world. Many studies show the value of a pharmacist-patient relationship. However, continued barriers prevent the value of this relationship to take full effect. While numerous methods of comprehensive medication review take place, the issue of establishing a model that best suits the needs of community pharmacy patients still exists.
Statement of the Problem: To assess patientsâ perceptions of pharmacist intervention through a pre-screened medication therapy management service at prescription pick-up.
Description of Methodology: This study utilized a nonprobability convenience sampling of MTM participants at a local community pharmacy pickup for research. A questionnaire was designed to assess patientsâ perceptions prior to and after the pharmacist intervention. All adult patients willing to participate in MTM services were included. After the MTM intervention, participants were encouraged to complete the questionnaire at home and mail it back to the pharmacy. The questionnaires were then collected from the pharmacy for review and data was analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: Reported increased patient satisfaction and knowledge by survey following the MTM intervention. Unfortunately, the results were insignificant and the study did not achieve ideal power.
Conclusions: The descriptive statistical results enumerated in this study do not reveal any applicable trends relating to the use of MTM services at-large. Despite these findings, however, all patients who commented on the intervention provided positive feedback. Further research is encouraged to appropriately assess the value of pharmacist-delivered MTM at prescription pick-up
Forming Realistic Late-Type Spirals in a LCDM Universe: The Eris Simulation
Simulations of the formation of late-type spiral galaxies in a cold dark
matter LCDM universe have traditionally failed to yield realistic candidates.
Here we report a new cosmological N-body/SPH simulation of extreme dynamic
range in which a close analog of a Milky Way disk galaxy arises naturally.
Termed Eris, the simulation follows the assembly of a galaxy halo of mass
Mvir=7.9x10^11 Msun with a total of N=18.6 million particles (gas + dark matter
+ stars) within the final virial radius, and a force resolution of 120 pc. It
includes radiative cooling, heating from a cosmic UV field and supernova
explosions, a star formation recipe based on a high gas density threshold
(nSF=5 atoms cm^-3 rather than the canonical nSF=0.1 atoms cm^-3), and neglects
AGN feedback. At the present epoch, the simulated galaxy has an extended
rotationally-supported disk with a radial scale length Rd=2.5 kpc, a gently
falling rotation curve with circular velocity at 2.2 disk scale lenghts of
V2.2=214 km/s, a bulge-to-disk ratio B/D=0.35, and a baryonic mass fraction
that is 30% below the cosmic value. The disk is thin, is forming stars in the
region of the Sigma_SFR - Sigma_HI plane occupied by spiral galaxies, and falls
on the photometric Tully-Fisher and the stellar mass-halo virial mass
relations. Hot (T>3x10^5 K), X-ray luminous halo gas makes only 26% of the
universal baryon fraction and follows a flattened density profile proportional
to r^-1.13 out to r=100 kpc. Eris appears then to be the first cosmological
hydrodynamic simulation in which the galaxy structural properties, the mass
budget in the various components, and the scaling relations between mass and
luminosity are all consistent with a host of observational constraints.
(Abridged)Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication on the Astrophysical
Journa
The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) of galaxies in groups along the cosmic web. V. properties and frequency of merging satellites and centrals in different environments
We use the Zurich ENvironmental Study (ZENS) database to investigate the
environmental dependence of the merger fraction and merging galaxy
properties in a sample of ~1300 group galaxies with and
0.05<z<0.0585. In all galaxy mass bins investigated in our study, we find that
decreases by a factor of ~2-3 in groups with halo masses
relative to less massive systems, indicating a
suppression of merger activity in large potential wells. In the fiducial case
of relaxed groups only, we measure a variation dex, which is almost independent of galaxy mass
and merger stage. At galaxy masses , most mergers are dry
accretions of quenched satellites onto quenched centrals, leading to a strong
increase of with decreasing group-centric distance at these mass
scales.Both satellite and central galaxies in these high mass mergers do not
differ in color and structural properties from a control sample of nonmerging
galaxies of equal mass and rank. At galaxy masses , where
we mostly probe satellite-satellite pairs and mergers between star-forming
systems, close pairs (projected distance kpc) show instead
enhanced (specific) star formation rates and
larger sizes than similar mass, nonmerging satellites. The increase in both
size and SFR leads to similar surface star-formation densities in the merging
and control-sample satellite populations.Comment: Published in ApJ, 797, 12
Dwarf galaxy formation with H2-regulated star formation
We describe cosmological galaxy formation simulations with the adaptive mesh
refinement code Enzo that incorporate a star formation prescription regulated
by the local abundance of molecular hydrogen. We show that this H2-regulated
prescription leads to a suppression of star formation in low mass halos (M_h <
~10^10 M_sun) at z>4, alleviating some of the dwarf galaxy problems faced by
theoretical galaxy formation models. H2 regulation modifies the efficiency of
star formation of cold gas directly, rather than indirectly reducing the cold
gas content with "supernova feedback". We determine the local H2 abundance in
our most refined grid cells (76 proper parsec in size at z=4) by applying the
model of Krumholz, McKee, & Tumlinson, which is based on idealized 1D radiative
transfer calculations of H2 formation-dissociation balance in ~100 pc
atomic--molecular complexes. Our H2-regulated simulations are able to reproduce
the empirical (albeit lower z) Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, including the low
Sigma_gas cutoff due to the transition from atomic to molecular phase and the
metallicity dependence thereof, without the use of an explicit density
threshold in our star formation prescription. We compare the evolution of the
luminosity function, stellar mass density, and star formation rate density from
our simulations to recent observational determinations of the same at z=4-8 and
find reasonable agreement between the two.Comment: replaced with version published in Ap
Characterizing mass, momentum, energy and metal outflow rates of multi-phase galactic winds in the FIRE-2 cosmological simulations
We characterize mass, momentum, energy and metal outflow rates of multi-phase
galactic winds in a suite of FIRE-2 cosmological "zoom-in" simulations from the
Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. We analyze simulations of
low-mass dwarfs, intermediate-mass dwarfs, Milky Way-mass halos, and
high-redshift massive halos. Consistent with previous work, we find that dwarfs
eject about 100 times more gas from their interstellar medium (ISM) than they
form in stars, while this mass "loading factor" drops below one in massive
galaxies. Most of the mass is carried by the hot phase ( K) in massive
halos and the warm phase ( K) in dwarfs; cold outflows ( K)
are negligible except in high-redshift dwarfs. Energy, momentum and metal
loading factors from the ISM are of order unity in dwarfs and significantly
lower in more massive halos. Hot outflows have higher specific
energy than needed to escape from the gravitational potential of dwarf halos;
indeed, in dwarfs, the mass, momentum, and metal outflow rates increase with
radius whereas energy is roughly conserved, indicating swept up halo gas.
Burst-averaged mass loading factors tend to be larger during more powerful star
formation episodes and when the inner halo is not virialized, but we see
effectively no trend with the dense ISM gas fraction. We discuss how our
results can guide future controlled numerical experiments that aim to elucidate
the key parameters governing galactic winds and the resulting associated
preventative feedback.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS with minor revisions, main body is 25 pages with 14
figure
The coevolution of the velocity and mass functions of galaxies and dark haloes
We employ a bias-corrected abundance matching technique to investigate the
coevolution of the LCDM dark halo mass function (HMF), the observationally
derived velocity dispersion and stellar mass functions (VDF, SMF) of galaxies
between z=1 and 0. We use for the first time the evolution of the VDF
constrained through strong lensing statistics by Chae (2010) for galaxy-halo
abundance matching studies. As a local benchmark we use a couple of z ~ 0 VDFs
(a Monte-Carlo realised VDF based on SDSS DR5 and a directly measured VDF based
on SDSS DR6). We then focus on connecting the VDF evolution to the HMF
evolution predicted by N-body simulations and the SMF evolution constrained by
galaxy surveys. On the VDF-HMF connection, we find that the local dark halo
virial mass-central stellar velocity dispersion (Mvir-sigma) relation is in
good agreement with the individual properties of well-studied low-redshift dark
haloes, and the VDF evolution closely parallels the HMF evolution meaning
little evolution in the Mvir-sigma relation. On the VDF-SMF connection, it is
also likely that the stellar mass-stellar velocity dispersion (Mstar-sigma)
relation evolves little taking the abundance matching results together with
other independent observational results and hydrodynamic simulation results.
Our results support the simple picture that as the halo grows hierarchically,
the stellar mass and the central stellar velocity dispersion grow in parallel.
We discuss possible implications of this parallel coevolution for galaxy
formation and evolution under the LCDM paradigm.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, MNRAS, revised extensively after referee
comment
Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory rheumatic disease
The pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are part of the first line of defence against pathogens. However, they also have the ability to respond to danger signals that are frequently elevated during tissue damage and at sites of inflammation. Inadvertent activation of pattern recognition receptors has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many conditions including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prolonged inflammation most often results in pain and damage to tissues. In particular, the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptors that form inflammasomes have been postulated as key contributors to the inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. As such, there is increasing interest in targeting these receptors for therapeutic treatment in the clinic. Here the role of pattern recognition receptors in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed, with an update on the development of interventions to modulate the activity of these potential therapeutic targets
- âŠ